Transmission lines have been used since the 1850s to transmit electrical signals over long distances. James Clerk Maxwell and Oliver Heaviside contributed significantly to the mathematical analysis of how electrical signals propagate through transmission lines. There are different types of transmission lines like coaxial cable, strip line, and optical fiber. Transmission lines are applicable when the length of connecting wires is greater than 1/10 the wavelength of the signal. Common uses of transmission lines include signal transfer, pulse generation, and stub filters.

1. TRANSMISSION LINES
K.SARAVANA KUMAR

2. CONTENT
OVERVIEW1
HISTORY2
APPLICABILITY3
GENERALAPPLICATIONS4

3. OVERVIEW

4. 5 Waveguide
4 Optical fibre
3 Strip line
2 Coaxial cable
1 Ladder line

5. HISTORY
 Mathematical Analysis Of The Behavior Of Electrical
Transmission Lines Grew Out Of The Work Of James
Clerk Maxwell, Lord Kelvin And Oliver Heaviside. In
1855 Lord Kelvin Formulated A Diffusion Model Of The
Current In A Submarine Cable.
 The Model Correctly Predicted The Poor Performance
Of The 1858 Trans-Atlantic Submarine Telegraph Cable.
In 1885 Heaviside Published The First Papers That
Described His Analysis Of Propagation In Cables And
The Modern Form Of The Telegrapher's Equations.

7. APPLICABILITY
The length of
the wires
connecting
the
components
can for the
most part be
ignored
He voltage on
the wire at a
given time
can be
assumed to
be the same
at all points
When the
voltage
changes in a
time interval
comparable to
the time it
takes for the
signal to travel
down the wire
A common rule
of thumb is
that the cable
or wire should
be treated as a
transmission
line if the
length is
greater than
1/10 of the
wavelength

8. 4 Cases
Special case of a
lossless line
The elements R and G are negligibly
small
General case of a
line with losses
In the general case the loss terms r and g are
both included
Matched load
The load impedance is equal to the characteristic
impedance of the line
Short
The input impedance is purely imaginary
and a periodic function of position and
wavelength (frequency)

10. 5 Outcomes from an Event
TWISTED PAIR Telecommunication
STAR QUAD Microphone cables
Twin-lead Lower resistive losses
Lecher lines
UHF for creating
resonant circuits
Single-wire line Telegraph transmission

12. General applications
Signal transfer
Widely used to
transmit high
frequency
signals
Pulse generation
charging the
transmission
line and then
discharging it
into load.
Stub filters
Wired in
parallel with a
line used to
transfer signals

14. K. SARAVANA KUMAR
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