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Santa Clara Presentation
- 1. Rotary Club of Glen Burnie, MDRotary Club of San Miguel El Chapparistique Engineers Without Borders – Washington DCGeorge Washington University – Public Health Santa Clara, El Salvador - Water Distribution & Public Health Project
- 3. Santa Clara, El Salvador Santa Clara (pop. 3,165) is a rural community within the municipality of San Rafael Oriente (pop. 16,929), in the Eastern region of San Miguel Local Organizations: Associacion de DesarrolloComunitario (ADESCO) AsociacionNacionalpara la Defensa, Desarrollo y Distribucion del Agua a Nivel Rural (ANDAR) Peace Corps
- 4. Background & Objectives Background: The people of Santa Clara suffer many hardships, as the majority live in suboptimal conditions without adequate housing, education, or an improved water source and the community’s residents are burdened with a high incidence of water-related illness. Households contract local drilling companies to construct raw water wells. Most wells access the same shallow aquifer contaminated by community pit latrines. The contamination of wells has been confirmed through bacteriological testing of samples throughout the community that were positive for excessive levels of fecal coliform bacteria. High rate of morbidity associated with water-borne pathogens and related illnesses. Desire: - Clean water for the Santa Clara community: Households 260 (Expandable to 400). - Current expressed community preference for piped water delivery to each individual household. - The community has already located a preferred; semi-remote well from which to extract the raw water for their system.
- 5. The project has a comprehensive approach to preventing illness by improving water supply and key hygiene behaviors, especially ensuring safe household drinking water and food, proper personal and domestic hygiene, and effective use of sanitation.
- 6. Water Collection - Today Carry water in large containers Use of horsepower to draw buckets from well Transport water with wagons
- 7. EWB Assessment & Implementation Trips for Santa Clara Project
- 9. Water Pump & Storage Shed
- 11. Control System
- 12. Storage Tank
- 15. Grey Water Pits
- 16. Lodging
- 17. Potable Water System Schematic Ground Storage Tank Tank Storage: 100 m3 (25,000 Gallons) Tank Diameter: 6.8m (22’-4”) Tank Height: 3.9m (12’-10”) Chlorine Tablet Feeder Desired Chlorine Residual: 0.5 – 0.8 mg/L Tablet Feeder Design 4” PVC Well Fill Line Grade at well = 200m Distribution System Number of Homes: 260 Gallons per home per day: 160 Maximum Pipe Diameter: 6” Minimum Pipe Diameter: 2” Maximum Pressure: 80 psi Minimum Pressure: 20 psi Control System and VFD Minimum Pressure: 1psi Maximum Pressure: 100 psi Well and Pump Well Casing Diameter: 8” Design Point: 95 gpm @ 425ft
- 19. Phase 1 of Dist. System (Tank to School)
- 24. Soil Test
- 26. Soil Profile
- 27. Well Site & Pump Chlorine Tablet Feeder Pump
- 29. Mayor Promised to Pay for Power to Pump
- 30. Changed from 3 Phase to 1 Phase
- 33. Mock-up Grey Water Pit
- 35. Transportation
- 37. Sustainability ANDAR provides ongoing community trainings: Operation & Maintenance Administration, like transparent bookkeeping, end of year income/expense reports & development of user fees General and state laws governing potable water systems Protection and conservation of the water source Empowerment-to encourage leadership as owners of the system Management of the Water Board (ADESCO), including participatory, democratic decision-making, roles of leadership
- 38. Public Health
- 39. Public Health Solid Waste Before
- 40. Public Health Solid Waste After
- 41. Health Promotion/Education Program Health Educators Complement ongoing health education & promotion efforts Enhance local capacities for sustainable program Enhance health impact of water system
- 42. Health Promoters Household visits School hygiene Materials Assistance Role models/leaders Community mobilization (dengue, & trash clean-up) Upcoming: Water Management Education
- 43. Study Results: Exposure to Program
- 44. Study Results: Knowledge Gained
- 45. Study Results: Adopted Practices
- 46. Still some work to be done… Water quality/quantity Water storage/handling Grey water disposal Child hygiene/care Open defecation of children Trash disposal Proximity of domesticated animals to homes
- 48. Do’s and don’ts of system use
- 49. How to use/store it properly
- 50. How to conserve the resource
- 52. Thank you!
Editor's Notes
- Promoters and the InterventionCommunity members consider the issues of hygiene and sanitation to be both household and community matters; consequently, the program has been designed to address these issues on both levels. The promoters have three major functions: 1) hygiene promotion and education; 2) demonstrations/assistance to achieve proper hygiene practices; and 3) evaluating the intervention. Their efforts focus on building necessary knowledge and skills to adopt and maintain proper hygiene practices; they also serve as role models of these practices. In addition, through community-based participatory research methods, the promoters collect data for evaluating the inputs and outcomes of the program. Training of PromotersThe promoters were recruited from Santa Clara based on certain characteristics, such as leadership skills, minimum literacy and educational requirements, permanent residence in Santa Clara, and long-term interest in the program goals. Nineteen applicants applied for the positions and the final candidates were selected by community vote. Thepromoters received an initial 5-day training by the GWU/EWB/Santa Clara team, and receive follow-up trainings from the MOH and PCV on a regular basis. They were trained with skills in the areas of: leadership, communication and hygiene promotion, time management, problem solving, participatory learning, and data collection/instrumentation. A training manual was created and translated by the GWU team, Ms. Putzer and Ms. Jurado (available upon request).
- 99% HP had visited home 2x in past month50% had participated in activity past mo. 88% receive hygiene info from HPs (p<0.001)Treating water (0.007); safe food prep (p<0.001); adequate trash disposal (p<0.001)Nearly all (96%) of respondents reported being visited by a health promoter at least one in the past month, compared to only 61.9% at baseline, and the number of persons who reported participating in at least one activity in the previous month increased significantly between baseline and follow-up. More respondents reported receiving information about personal/domestic hygiene specifically from health promoters compared to baseline. Respondents were more likely at follow-up than at baseline to indicate that they had received information from promoters on the following hygiene topics: drinking clean water, treating water, preparing foods safely, and disposing trash adequately.
- Latrine cleaningSweep floor (p=0.001); clean seat/lid with disinfectant (p=0.041; p<0.001); To ensure food safetyWash hands before preparing food (p=0.029); wash foods completely (p<0.001) Diarrhea treatmentGiven more to drink (p=0.022); given ORS (p=0.002)