1. The document discusses various software development process models including prescriptive models like waterfall and incremental development. It also covers evolutionary models like prototyping, spiral development and concurrent development.
2. Specialized process models for component-based development and formal methods are described. The unified process framework is also introduced as a iterative and incremental object-oriented development approach.
3. Key aspects of various process models like waterfall, spiral development and unified process are summarized, including their phases and characteristics.
The document discusses software process models which define a structured set of activities for developing software systems. These activities typically include specification, design & implementation, validation, and evolution. Process models provide organization and stability to software development. They define the approach taken and include activities like communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. Process models can have different flows like linear, iterative, or evolutionary and can address problems at different levels of abstraction through patterns. Process assessment methods help ensure processes meet criteria for successful software engineering.
This chapter discusses project integration management, which involves coordinating all aspects of a project throughout its life cycle. It describes developing a project charter, preliminary scope statement, and project management plan. It also covers executing the project according to the plan, monitoring progress, and making any necessary changes. Project selection methods like financial analysis and weighted scoring are presented to help organizations choose the right projects to implement.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses the evolving role of software and how it serves both as a product and vehicle for delivering products. It also covers the changing nature of software development, including different categories like system software, embedded software, and AI software. The document then discusses legacy software, software myths, and a generic view of the software engineering process. It introduces the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), which establishes levels to assess an organization's software process capabilities and maturity.
This document discusses 15 factors that influence quality and productivity in software development processes: individual ability, team communication, product complexity, appropriate notations, systematic approaches, change control, level of technology, level of reliability, problem understanding, available time, required skills, facilities and resources, adequacy of training, management skills, and appropriate goals. Each factor is described in 1-3 paragraphs on how it can impact quality and productivity.
The document discusses the need for software engineering principles in developing large software products. It notes that while small programs can be written without engineering principles, large products require a systematic approach to achieve good quality cost-effectively. It also summarizes factors that impact software quality and productivity, including product complexity, team communication challenges, appropriate notations, and the level of technology used. Project size is a major determinant of management control needs and techniques required.
Software System Engineering - Chapter 2Fadhil Ismail
The document discusses different software development models including the linear sequential/waterfall model, prototyping, RAD model, and evolutionary software process models. It provides details on each model, including their advantages and disadvantages. Specific evolutionary models covered are the incremental model, spiral model, WINWIN spiral model, component assembly model, and concurrent development model.
Software engineering principles in system software designTech_MX
This document discusses software engineering principles for system software design. It defines software engineering as a collection of techniques to produce high quality software on time and budget. Key principles discussed include rigor and formality, separation of concerns, modularity, abstraction, and anticipation of change. Examples of applying these principles to compilers and assemblers are provided. The software development process and different testing approaches are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in software engineering including software processes, process models, activities, and coping with change. It discusses the waterfall model, incremental development, and reuse-oriented processes. The main activities of software specification, design and implementation, validation, and evolution are described. The document also briefly introduces topics like requirements engineering, system modeling, architectural design, testing, and software maintenance.
The document discusses software process models which define a structured set of activities for developing software systems. These activities typically include specification, design & implementation, validation, and evolution. Process models provide organization and stability to software development. They define the approach taken and include activities like communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. Process models can have different flows like linear, iterative, or evolutionary and can address problems at different levels of abstraction through patterns. Process assessment methods help ensure processes meet criteria for successful software engineering.
This chapter discusses project integration management, which involves coordinating all aspects of a project throughout its life cycle. It describes developing a project charter, preliminary scope statement, and project management plan. It also covers executing the project according to the plan, monitoring progress, and making any necessary changes. Project selection methods like financial analysis and weighted scoring are presented to help organizations choose the right projects to implement.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses the evolving role of software and how it serves both as a product and vehicle for delivering products. It also covers the changing nature of software development, including different categories like system software, embedded software, and AI software. The document then discusses legacy software, software myths, and a generic view of the software engineering process. It introduces the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), which establishes levels to assess an organization's software process capabilities and maturity.
This document discusses 15 factors that influence quality and productivity in software development processes: individual ability, team communication, product complexity, appropriate notations, systematic approaches, change control, level of technology, level of reliability, problem understanding, available time, required skills, facilities and resources, adequacy of training, management skills, and appropriate goals. Each factor is described in 1-3 paragraphs on how it can impact quality and productivity.
The document discusses the need for software engineering principles in developing large software products. It notes that while small programs can be written without engineering principles, large products require a systematic approach to achieve good quality cost-effectively. It also summarizes factors that impact software quality and productivity, including product complexity, team communication challenges, appropriate notations, and the level of technology used. Project size is a major determinant of management control needs and techniques required.
Software System Engineering - Chapter 2Fadhil Ismail
The document discusses different software development models including the linear sequential/waterfall model, prototyping, RAD model, and evolutionary software process models. It provides details on each model, including their advantages and disadvantages. Specific evolutionary models covered are the incremental model, spiral model, WINWIN spiral model, component assembly model, and concurrent development model.
Software engineering principles in system software designTech_MX
This document discusses software engineering principles for system software design. It defines software engineering as a collection of techniques to produce high quality software on time and budget. Key principles discussed include rigor and formality, separation of concerns, modularity, abstraction, and anticipation of change. Examples of applying these principles to compilers and assemblers are provided. The software development process and different testing approaches are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in software engineering including software processes, process models, activities, and coping with change. It discusses the waterfall model, incremental development, and reuse-oriented processes. The main activities of software specification, design and implementation, validation, and evolution are described. The document also briefly introduces topics like requirements engineering, system modeling, architectural design, testing, and software maintenance.
The document discusses several key challenges in software engineering (SE). It notes that SE approaches must address issues of scale, productivity, and quality. Regarding scale, it states that SE methods must be scalable for problems of different sizes, from small to very large, requiring both engineering and project management techniques to be formalized for large problems. Productivity is important to control costs and schedule, and SE aims to deliver high productivity. Quality is also a major goal, involving attributes like functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency and maintainability. Reliability is often seen as the main quality criterion and is approximated by measuring defects. Addressing these challenges of scale, productivity and quality drives the selection of SE approaches.
Software engineering Questions and AnswersBala Ganesh
1. Risk management is the process of identifying, addressing, and eliminating potential problems that could threaten the success of a project before they cause damage. This includes issues that could impact cost, schedule, technical success, product quality, or team morale.
2. HIPO (Hierarchical Input Process Output) diagrams were developed at IBM as a design representation and documentation aid. They contain a visual table of contents, overview diagrams, and detailed diagrams.
3. Software maintenance is any work done to modify software after it is operational, such as fixing errors, adding capabilities, removing obsolete code, or optimizing performance. It aims to preserve the software's value over time as requirements, users, and technology change. M
The document provides information on software engineering and the software development process. It discusses software characteristics, applications, and engineering. It describes the software process, including activities like communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. It also discusses process models like waterfall, incremental, RAD, evolutionary/prototyping, and spiral. The waterfall model is explained in detail with the phases of requirements, design, coding, testing, and deployment. Advantages and disadvantages of different models are provided.
This document provides an introduction to a software engineering course. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including software processes, requirements, design, coding, testing, and project management. It describes the learning objectives of explaining software engineering principles and techniques for developing quality software. Students will be assessed through exams, presentations, and laboratory work. References for further reading are also provided.
This document provides an overview of software engineering concepts including:
- The 4 P's of software development which are people, process, project, and product.
- Common software process models like waterfall, prototype, spiral, and RAD.
- Software engineering tasks like documentation, coding, implementation, and maintenance.
- Risks in software development such as technical risks, business risks, and customer risks.
The document provides an overview of agile development and several agile methodologies. It defines agility as building software incrementally using short iterations to align with changing business needs. Extreme Programming (XP) is described as emphasizing business results, incremental development, and continual testing. Other methodologies discussed include Adaptive Software Development, Scrum, and Dynamic Systems Development Method.
This document summarizes key aspects of software engineering processes and models. It discusses the fundamental activities of software specification, development, validation, and evolution. It describes plan-driven and incremental process models like the waterfall model and incremental development. It also covers topics like software prototyping, reuse-oriented processes, and coping with changing requirements through change avoidance and change tolerance strategies.
The document provides solutions to exercises from the textbook "Software Engineering 9th edition". It begins with a preface explaining that the solutions manual is intended to help teachers mark student homework and that answers are only provided for about half the exercises. For exercises without answers provided, the preface gives reasons such as the answers being in the text, there being multiple valid solutions, or the questions being intended to stimulate discussion. The solutions provided are meant as a guide and teachers should reward students' credible answers that show thought and knowledge.
The document provides information on the Software Engineering course for the second semester of the B.Tech IT program in 2008-2009. It includes the syllabus, topics to be covered in each lecture, and slides on various topics like the introduction to software engineering, the changing nature of software, software myths, a generic view of the software process, the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), and personal and team process models.
Software Engineering (Introduction to Software Engineering)ShudipPal
Software engineering is concerned with all aspects of software production. It aims to develop software using systematic and disciplined approaches to reduce errors and costs. Some key challenges in software development are its high cost, difficulty delivering on time, and producing low quality software. Software engineering methods strive to address these challenges and produce software with attributes like maintainability, dependability, efficiency, usability and acceptability.
This document discusses software engineering processes. It defines a software process as a series of predictable steps that leads to timely, high-quality products. It notes that common activities across processes include planning, modeling, analysis, design, construction, testing, and deployment. Processes must be adapted based on project characteristics and allow for flexibility. Frameworks like CMMI, PSP, and TSP provide templates for processes. Processes should be assessed against criteria to ensure quality and allow for continuous improvement. The overall goal of any software process is to deliver high quality products on time.
This document discusses software engineering and the need for it compared to traditional software programming. It notes that about $140 billion is wasted each year in the US due to projects being abandoned or requiring reworks due to a lack of following best practices and standards. Software engineering involves applying systematic and quantifiable processes to the development, operation, and maintenance of large, complex software systems developed by teams over long lifespans with many stakeholders. This is in contrast to traditional programming which focuses on small, short-lived "toy" applications by individual programmers. The document outlines the basic phases of the software development life cycle (SDLC) and notes benefits of software engineering like increased quality, reduced costs and schedule, and improved manageability.
CP7301 Software Process and Project Management notesAAKASH S
UNIT I DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE PROCESSES 9
Overview of software development life cycle – introduction to processes – Personal Software
Process (PSP) – Team software process (TSP) – Unified processes – agile processes –
choosing the right process Tutorial: Software development using PSP
20
UNIT II REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT 9
Functional requirements and quality attributes – elicitation techniques – Quality Attribute
Workshops (QAW) – analysis, prioritization, and trade-off – Architecture Centric
Development Method (ACDM) – requirements documentation and specification – change
management – traceability of requirements
Tutorial: Conduct QAW, elicit, analyze, prioritize, and document requirements using ACDM
UNIT III ESTIMATION, PLANNING, AND TRACKING 9
Identifying and prioritizing risks – risk mitigation plans – estimation techniques – use case
points – function points – COCOMO II – top-down estimation – bottom-up estimation – work
breakdown structure – macro and micro plans – planning poker – wideband delphi –
documenting the plan – tracking the plan – earned value method (EVM)
Tutorial: Estimation, planning, and tracking exercises
UNIT IV CONFIGURATION AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT 9
identifying artifacts to be configured – naming conventions and version control –
configuration control – quality assurance techniques – peer reviews – Fegan inspection –
unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing – test data and test cases – bug tracking –
causal analysis
Tutorial: version control exercises, development of test cases, causal analysis of defects
UNIT V SOFTWARE PROCESS DEFINITION AND MANAGEMENT 9
Process elements – process architecture – relationship between elements – process
modeling – process definition techniques – ETVX (entry-task-validation-exit) – process
baselining – process assessment and improvement – CMMI – Six Sigma
Tutorial: process measurement exercises, process definition using ETVX
This document provides an overview of the Unified Process, Agile process, and process assessment. It defines the Unified Process as an iterative framework derived from UML that includes inception, elaboration, construction, and transition phases. Agile processes like Extreme Programming emphasize iterative development, collaboration, and responding to change. Process assessment involves objectively evaluating an organization's ability to meet process goals through stages of initiation, preparation, assessment, analysis and reporting, and closure.
The document discusses software maintenance and its relationship to software testing. It explains that software maintenance is less understood than development due to its different characteristics, including randomly occurring work requests and a focus on user services. It also discusses the importance of software maintenance for controlling system functions and modifications. The document then explains that software testing is important for software maintenance as regression testing verifies modifications do not cause unintended effects, but testing can be difficult to coordinate and schedule.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses the objectives of software engineering which include producing high quality software products on time and within budget. Software engineering is defined as applying engineering principles to software development through the use of methods, tools, and techniques. The document then discusses why software engineering principles are needed, especially for large, complex software projects. It provides examples of software engineering failures that occurred when principles were not followed. The rest of the document outlines the software development process, including requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It also discusses different process models like waterfall and spiral.
The document discusses issues with the conventional "waterfall" model of software development and proposes improvements. It analyzes that the waterfall model is risky and invites failure due to late testing exposing design flaws. It then provides 5 necessary improvements: 1) adding a design phase before analysis, 2) increased documentation, 3) developing the software in two iterations, 4) improved testing planning and 5) increased customer involvement. It also discusses common issues seen in practice with the waterfall model like protracted integration, late risk resolution, and adversarial stakeholder relationships due to a focus on documents over working software.
The document discusses several key challenges in software engineering (SE). It notes that SE approaches must address issues of scale, productivity, and quality. Regarding scale, it states that SE methods must be scalable for problems of different sizes, from small to very large, requiring both engineering and project management techniques to be formalized for large problems. Productivity is important to control costs and schedule, and SE aims to deliver high productivity. Quality is also a major goal, involving attributes like functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency and maintainability. Reliability is often seen as the main quality criterion and is approximated by measuring defects. Addressing these challenges of scale, productivity and quality drives the selection of SE approaches.
Software engineering Questions and AnswersBala Ganesh
1. Risk management is the process of identifying, addressing, and eliminating potential problems that could threaten the success of a project before they cause damage. This includes issues that could impact cost, schedule, technical success, product quality, or team morale.
2. HIPO (Hierarchical Input Process Output) diagrams were developed at IBM as a design representation and documentation aid. They contain a visual table of contents, overview diagrams, and detailed diagrams.
3. Software maintenance is any work done to modify software after it is operational, such as fixing errors, adding capabilities, removing obsolete code, or optimizing performance. It aims to preserve the software's value over time as requirements, users, and technology change. M
The document provides information on software engineering and the software development process. It discusses software characteristics, applications, and engineering. It describes the software process, including activities like communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. It also discusses process models like waterfall, incremental, RAD, evolutionary/prototyping, and spiral. The waterfall model is explained in detail with the phases of requirements, design, coding, testing, and deployment. Advantages and disadvantages of different models are provided.
This document provides an introduction to a software engineering course. It outlines the topics that will be covered, including software processes, requirements, design, coding, testing, and project management. It describes the learning objectives of explaining software engineering principles and techniques for developing quality software. Students will be assessed through exams, presentations, and laboratory work. References for further reading are also provided.
This document provides an overview of software engineering concepts including:
- The 4 P's of software development which are people, process, project, and product.
- Common software process models like waterfall, prototype, spiral, and RAD.
- Software engineering tasks like documentation, coding, implementation, and maintenance.
- Risks in software development such as technical risks, business risks, and customer risks.
The document provides an overview of agile development and several agile methodologies. It defines agility as building software incrementally using short iterations to align with changing business needs. Extreme Programming (XP) is described as emphasizing business results, incremental development, and continual testing. Other methodologies discussed include Adaptive Software Development, Scrum, and Dynamic Systems Development Method.
This document summarizes key aspects of software engineering processes and models. It discusses the fundamental activities of software specification, development, validation, and evolution. It describes plan-driven and incremental process models like the waterfall model and incremental development. It also covers topics like software prototyping, reuse-oriented processes, and coping with changing requirements through change avoidance and change tolerance strategies.
The document provides solutions to exercises from the textbook "Software Engineering 9th edition". It begins with a preface explaining that the solutions manual is intended to help teachers mark student homework and that answers are only provided for about half the exercises. For exercises without answers provided, the preface gives reasons such as the answers being in the text, there being multiple valid solutions, or the questions being intended to stimulate discussion. The solutions provided are meant as a guide and teachers should reward students' credible answers that show thought and knowledge.
The document provides information on the Software Engineering course for the second semester of the B.Tech IT program in 2008-2009. It includes the syllabus, topics to be covered in each lecture, and slides on various topics like the introduction to software engineering, the changing nature of software, software myths, a generic view of the software process, the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), and personal and team process models.
Software Engineering (Introduction to Software Engineering)ShudipPal
Software engineering is concerned with all aspects of software production. It aims to develop software using systematic and disciplined approaches to reduce errors and costs. Some key challenges in software development are its high cost, difficulty delivering on time, and producing low quality software. Software engineering methods strive to address these challenges and produce software with attributes like maintainability, dependability, efficiency, usability and acceptability.
This document discusses software engineering processes. It defines a software process as a series of predictable steps that leads to timely, high-quality products. It notes that common activities across processes include planning, modeling, analysis, design, construction, testing, and deployment. Processes must be adapted based on project characteristics and allow for flexibility. Frameworks like CMMI, PSP, and TSP provide templates for processes. Processes should be assessed against criteria to ensure quality and allow for continuous improvement. The overall goal of any software process is to deliver high quality products on time.
This document discusses software engineering and the need for it compared to traditional software programming. It notes that about $140 billion is wasted each year in the US due to projects being abandoned or requiring reworks due to a lack of following best practices and standards. Software engineering involves applying systematic and quantifiable processes to the development, operation, and maintenance of large, complex software systems developed by teams over long lifespans with many stakeholders. This is in contrast to traditional programming which focuses on small, short-lived "toy" applications by individual programmers. The document outlines the basic phases of the software development life cycle (SDLC) and notes benefits of software engineering like increased quality, reduced costs and schedule, and improved manageability.
CP7301 Software Process and Project Management notesAAKASH S
UNIT I DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE PROCESSES 9
Overview of software development life cycle – introduction to processes – Personal Software
Process (PSP) – Team software process (TSP) – Unified processes – agile processes –
choosing the right process Tutorial: Software development using PSP
20
UNIT II REQUIREMENTS MANAGEMENT 9
Functional requirements and quality attributes – elicitation techniques – Quality Attribute
Workshops (QAW) – analysis, prioritization, and trade-off – Architecture Centric
Development Method (ACDM) – requirements documentation and specification – change
management – traceability of requirements
Tutorial: Conduct QAW, elicit, analyze, prioritize, and document requirements using ACDM
UNIT III ESTIMATION, PLANNING, AND TRACKING 9
Identifying and prioritizing risks – risk mitigation plans – estimation techniques – use case
points – function points – COCOMO II – top-down estimation – bottom-up estimation – work
breakdown structure – macro and micro plans – planning poker – wideband delphi –
documenting the plan – tracking the plan – earned value method (EVM)
Tutorial: Estimation, planning, and tracking exercises
UNIT IV CONFIGURATION AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT 9
identifying artifacts to be configured – naming conventions and version control –
configuration control – quality assurance techniques – peer reviews – Fegan inspection –
unit, integration, system, and acceptance testing – test data and test cases – bug tracking –
causal analysis
Tutorial: version control exercises, development of test cases, causal analysis of defects
UNIT V SOFTWARE PROCESS DEFINITION AND MANAGEMENT 9
Process elements – process architecture – relationship between elements – process
modeling – process definition techniques – ETVX (entry-task-validation-exit) – process
baselining – process assessment and improvement – CMMI – Six Sigma
Tutorial: process measurement exercises, process definition using ETVX
This document provides an overview of the Unified Process, Agile process, and process assessment. It defines the Unified Process as an iterative framework derived from UML that includes inception, elaboration, construction, and transition phases. Agile processes like Extreme Programming emphasize iterative development, collaboration, and responding to change. Process assessment involves objectively evaluating an organization's ability to meet process goals through stages of initiation, preparation, assessment, analysis and reporting, and closure.
The document discusses software maintenance and its relationship to software testing. It explains that software maintenance is less understood than development due to its different characteristics, including randomly occurring work requests and a focus on user services. It also discusses the importance of software maintenance for controlling system functions and modifications. The document then explains that software testing is important for software maintenance as regression testing verifies modifications do not cause unintended effects, but testing can be difficult to coordinate and schedule.
This document provides an introduction to software engineering. It discusses the objectives of software engineering which include producing high quality software products on time and within budget. Software engineering is defined as applying engineering principles to software development through the use of methods, tools, and techniques. The document then discusses why software engineering principles are needed, especially for large, complex software projects. It provides examples of software engineering failures that occurred when principles were not followed. The rest of the document outlines the software development process, including requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It also discusses different process models like waterfall and spiral.
The document discusses issues with the conventional "waterfall" model of software development and proposes improvements. It analyzes that the waterfall model is risky and invites failure due to late testing exposing design flaws. It then provides 5 necessary improvements: 1) adding a design phase before analysis, 2) increased documentation, 3) developing the software in two iterations, 4) improved testing planning and 5) increased customer involvement. It also discusses common issues seen in practice with the waterfall model like protracted integration, late risk resolution, and adversarial stakeholder relationships due to a focus on documents over working software.
The document provides information on software engineering and the software development process. It discusses course objectives and outcomes for a software engineering course. It then covers various software process models including the waterfall model, incremental process model, RAD model, prototyping model, and spiral model. The document also discusses the generic process framework which includes activities like communication, planning, modeling, construction, and deployment. It provides details on process flow, the software engineering fundamentals, and the nature of software.
The document provides information on software engineering and the software development process. It defines software and discusses its characteristics, categories, and applications. It then describes software engineering, the software process, process models like waterfall and incremental/iterative models. It also discusses software process assessment using CMM levels and objectives of the software process. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts relating to software, software engineering, and the software development process.
The document outlines a syllabus for a software engineering course. The syllabus covers 5 units: introduction to software engineering processes and models; agile software development and requirements engineering; system modeling; architectural design; and software testing. It also lists course objectives, outcomes, textbooks, and assessment methodologies. The key topics covered include software processes, agile development, requirements specification, system modeling, architectural design, object-oriented design, and software testing.
Software Development Life Cycle: Traditional and Agile- A Comparative Studyijsrd.com
In the field of software development, software development lifecycle is the most important component. There is a number of software development methodologies used in software industry today. The paper discussed below focuses on the modern SDLC which are traditional methods and the agile methods. It also explains the compensation and shortcomings of the traditional as well as agile methods. Along with this, it suggests some improvements which could help in improving current agile development
This document provides information on the Software Engineering course with code 210253. It is a 3 credit course with a mid-semester exam worth 30 marks and an end-semester exam worth 70 marks. The syllabus covers topics like introduction to software engineering, software process models, prescriptive process models (waterfall, incremental, evolutionary), and agile software development. It also discusses concepts like software engineering fundamentals, process frameworks, generic process activities, prescriptive process models, evolutionary models, concurrent development model, and principles of software engineering practice.
Introduction to Software engineering Concepts which includes Software Process Model, SRS documents, Requirement Engineering Process, Architectural Modeling, software Products, Risk Management Process, SDLC Model, Professional & Ethical Responsibilities, System & its Environment, System Procurement (COTS & Contractor Method), System Engineering Process, System Reliability Engineering, Human factors, Functional & Non-Functional Requirements
In this presentation, it will cover different software development methodologies. These include the common types of SDM, and the pros and cons.
A software development methodology involves several steps. These include planning, structuring, and performance tracking.
In some instances, it may also include extreme programming. The objective is to streamline the process when developing software or any product.
Almost all software development methodologies are non-technical. This means they do not deal with the technical aspects of software design and development. They focus more on the internal operations, and other processes involved in the project.
Take note that each has its specific features. Gauge your options, and choose the best one that suits your needs.
This document summarizes a study on the impact of software development models on software delivery time. It analyzes the waterfall and spiral models. A survey was conducted of 22 software projects in India. The results showed that the waterfall model had a higher success rate of 76.4% for on-time delivery compared to 40% for iterative models. The waterfall model was used for 17 of the 22 projects and 13 of those 17 projects delivered on time. This suggests that the waterfall model has a more positive impact on software delivery time than the spiral model based on the sample of projects studied.
This document discusses software process models and the software development life cycle (SDLC). It describes the key components of a software process including development, project management, configuration control, and process management processes. The document then explains popular SDLC models like the waterfall model, prototyping, iterative development, and agile processes. The waterfall model is discussed in detail, outlining its sequential phases and advantages like being simple and systematic, while also noting disadvantages like inability to adapt to changes and late delivery.
This document provides an overview of software development life cycle (SDLC) models and their comparison. It discusses several SDLC models including waterfall, V-shaped, iterative, prototyping, RAD, spiral and agile. Each model is described in terms of its phases, advantages and disadvantages. The document also presents related work from other scholars and states that while agile was not fully extreme programming, using Scrum principles resulted in return on investment and lower costs. It proposes future work to identify knowledge sharing procedures and user-centered SDLC models that overcome limitations of existing approaches.
This document discusses various topics related to event management and software development. It covers the software development life cycle (SDLC) including both traditional and agile models. It discusses requirements, databases, modeling languages, internet of things, Java features, Android development, HTTP, and .NET. The key topics covered are SDLC methodologies (waterfall, agile), database concepts (OLTP, OLAP, queries), modeling tools (UML, StarUML, Umlet), sensors and devices for IoT projects, programming languages (Java, features; Android architecture), web protocols (HTTP, client-server), and development platforms (.NET languages, libraries).
The document provides information on various topics related to software engineering:
1. It defines software engineering and discusses why it is required to manage large, scalable software projects and improve quality and cost management.
2. It describes common software processes like specification, development, validation and evolution and different process models like waterfall, iterative and prototyping.
3. It discusses the "software crisis" due to increasing size, costs and delays in software projects and differentiates between a program and software.
4. It explains popular process models like waterfall, iterative and prototyping in detail outlining their phases, advantages and disadvantages.
The document discusses different software process models. It describes the waterfall model, which involves sequential phases of requirement analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The waterfall model suggests a systematic approach but real projects rarely follow sequential phases and instead involve overlap and feedback between phases. The document also briefly describes the build-and-fix model, which develops software without specifications or design and relies on repeated modifications until requirements are met.
The document discusses software engineering and provides an overview of key concepts. It defines software engineering and discusses its need. It describes characteristics of good software and lists factors like operational, transitional, and maintenance characteristics. It also covers software development life cycles and models like the classical waterfall model. The classical waterfall model divides the life cycle into phases like feasibility study, requirements analysis, design, coding/unit testing, and integration/system testing.
This document discusses various process models for software engineering:
- The waterfall model defines sequential phases of requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It is inflexible to change.
- Iterative models allow repetition of phases to incrementally develop software. The incremental model delivers functionality in increments.
- Evolutionary models like prototyping and spiral development use iterative evaluation and refinement of prototypes to evolve requirements and manage risk.
- Other models include component-based development, formal methods, aspect-oriented development, and the Unified Process with iterative development of use cases. Personal and team software processes focus on self-directed teams, planning, metrics, and process improvement.
This document provides a 3 paragraph summary of a software engineering course titled "Software Engineering (KCS-601)" taught by Dr. Radhey Shyam at SRMCEM Lucknow. The course contents were compiled by Dr. Shyam and are available for students' academic use. Students can contact Dr. Shyam via email for any queries regarding the course material.
Use case diagrams are used to visualize how actors interact with a system's functions. They identify the actors, functions (use cases), and relationships between actors and functions. This document discusses the key components of use case diagrams including actors, use cases, system boundary, packages, and relationship types. It provides examples of how use case diagrams are used to gather requirements and provide overviews of system functionality and actor interactions.
The document discusses various aspects of staffing including recruitment, selection, training, and performance appraisal. It begins by defining staffing and explaining its importance in identifying required personnel and placing the right people in jobs. It then describes methods of recruitment including direct, indirect, and third party approaches. The selection process involves screening applications, interviews, tests, and making a final selection. Training methods are also discussed along with using performance appraisal to develop employees.
An operating system acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware. It performs basic tasks like file management, memory management, process management, input/output control, and device management. An OS manages application programs and allows users to interact with it through a command line or graphical user interface. Important OS functions include process management, memory management, device management, file management, security controls, and job accounting. Common types of OS include mainframe, desktop, real-time, and distributed systems. System calls allow programs to request services from the OS kernel related to processes, files, devices, information, and communication. Caching improves performance by storing frequently accessed data from slower storage in faster temporary storage like registers, cache memory, and
The document discusses various topics related to memory management in operating systems including swapping, contiguous memory allocation, paging, segmentation, virtual memory concepts like demand paging, page replacement, and thrashing. It provides details on page tables, segmentation hardware, logical to physical address translation, and performance aspects of demand paging. The key aspects covered are memory management techniques to overcome fragmentation and enable efficient use of limited main memory.
Marketing management involves planning, implementing, monitoring, and correcting marketing activities and programs to achieve organizational goals. It includes analyzing customers, competitors, and the business environment. The key aspects of marketing management are the marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion. Marketing functions include market research, advertising, sales promotion, sales planning and operations, and physical distribution. The overall goal of marketing management is to understand customer needs and wants and satisfy them through superior products and services.
An entity relationship (ER) diagram visually represents the relationships between different elements in a system. It identifies key entities, their attributes, and how they relate to each other. ER diagrams are used in software engineering during planning to understand system elements and relationships. They form the basis for data flow diagrams. Key elements in an ER diagram include entities, attributes, and relationships. Entities represent objects like people or things. Attributes are properties of entities or relationships. Relationships show how entities are connected.
Strategic management and strategic planning involve developing a strategy at three levels: corporate, business, and functional. Corporate strategy describes a company's overall direction and approach to growth, business portfolio management, and coordinating business units. Business strategy focuses on improving competitiveness within an industry segment. Functional strategy is the approach taken by departments like marketing, finance, and HR to achieve business and corporate goals through distinctive competencies. Together these strategies form a hierarchy with functional supporting business and business supporting corporate strategy.
This document discusses various aspects of communication including its definition, features, elements, process, importance, principles, and types. Communication is defined as the transmission and interchange of ideas, facts, feelings, or opinions from one person to another. The key elements of communication include a sender, receiver, message, encoding, decoding, feedback. The document outlines the multi-step process of communication and emphasizes the importance of principles like clarity, consistency, and feedback. Communication can be classified as oral/written, formal/informal, and upward/downward/horizontal. Non-verbal communication is also discussed.
1. Software is defined as computer programs and documents that are designed by software engineers. Software is logical rather than physical and does not wear out over time like hardware.
2. Software applications can be categorized into system software, real-time software, business software, engineering/scientific software, embedded software, personal computer software, web-based software, and artificial intelligence software.
3. Legacy software refers to older software programs that are critical but poorly designed and documented, making them difficult to maintain. Software engineering aims to apply a systematic approach to developing, operating, and maintaining software.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
San se unit
1. 1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE SOFTWARE PROCESS
2.1 A GENERIC VIEW OF PROCESS
2.1.1 S/W ENG. A LAYERED TECHNOLOGY
2.1.2 A PROCESS FRAME WORK
2.1.3 CAPABILITY MATURITY MODEL INTEGRATION (CMMI)
2.1.4 PROCESS PATTERNS
2.1.5 PROCESS ASSESSMENT
2.1.6 PRODUCT AND PROCESS
2.2 PROCESS MODELS
2.2.1 PRESCRIPTIVE MODELS
2.2.2 THE WATERFALL MODELS
2.2.3 INCREMENTAL PROCESS MODELS
THE INCREMENTAL MODEL
THE RAD MODEL
2.2.4 EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS MODELS
PROTOTYPING
THE SPIRAL MODEL
THE CONCURRENT DEVELOPMENT MODEL
2.2.5 SPECIALIZED PROCESS MODELS
COMPONENT-BASED DEVELOPMENT
THE FORMAL METHODS MODEL
2.2.6 THE UNIFIED PROCESS
3. AGILE VIEW OF PROCESS
WHAT IS AGILITY?
AGILE PROCESS
AGILE PROCESS MODELS
EXTREME PROGRAMMING(XP)
ADAPTIVE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT(ASD)
DYNAMIC SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS(DSDM)
SCRUM
CRYSTAL
4. SE PRACTICE
THE ESSENCE OF PRACTICE
CORE PRINCIPLES
COMMUNICATION PRACTICES
PLANNING PRACTICES
MODELING PRACTICES
ANALYSIS MODELING PRACTICE
DESIGN MODELING PRACTICE
CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE
CODING PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS
TESTING PRINCIPLES
DEPLOYMENT
2. 1. A quality Focus :- Any engineering approach
must rest on an quality. The "Bed Rock" that
supports software Engineering is Quality Focus.
•Functional: degree to which correct S/W has been
developed.
•Non-functional: Maintainability, Robustness etc.,
ex: six sigma, TQM etc.,
2. Process :- Foundation for SE is the Process
Layer. A frame work that must be established for
effective delivery of s/w. SE process is the GLUE
that holds all the technology layers together and
enables the timely development of computer
software. It forms the base for management control
of software project.
3. Methods :- SE methods provide the "Technical
Questions" for building a Software. Methods contain
a broad array of tasks that include
communication, requirement analysis, design
modeling, program construction testing and
support.
4. Tools :- SE tools provide automated or semi-
automated support for the "Process" and the
"Methods". Tools are integrated so that information
created by one tool can be used by another.
Computer aided s/w: is set of tools working together
to deliver a functionality in the s/w.
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING – A LAYERED TECHNOLOGY
3. PROCESS FRAME WORK
Frame work is a standard way
to build and deploy
applications.
Software framework is
foundation of a complete
software engineering process.
It includes no. of framework
activities that are applicable to
all software projects.
4. A generic process framework encompasses five activities:
1. Communication: the detailed communication between the customer(s)
or stakeholders and the company people about what to be developed.
2. Planning: Technical tasks to be conducted, risks, required resources,
work schedule etc.
3. Modeling: A model will be created to better understand the
requirements and design.
4. Construction: Code will be generated and tested.
5. Deployment: Complete or partially completed version of software is
represented to the customers to evaluate and they give feedback to
developers.
Other umbrella activities:
1. Software project tracking and control In this activity, the developing
team accesses project plan and compares it with the predefined
schedule. If these project plans do not match with the predefined
schedule, then the required actions are taken to maintain the schedule.
2. Risk management Risk is an event that may or may not occur.
If the event occurs, then it causes some unwanted outcome. Hence, proper
risk management is required.
5. 1. Software project tracking and controlIn this activity, the developing team accesses project
plan and compares it with the predefined schedule.
If these project plans do not match with the predefined schedule, then the required actions are
taken to maintain the schedule.
2. Risk managementRisk is an event that may or may not occur.
If the event occurs, then it causes some unwanted outcome. Hence, proper risk management is
required.
3. Software Quality Assurance (SQA)SQA is the planned and systematic pattern of activities
which are required to give a guarantee of software quality.
For example, during the software development meetings are conducted at every stage of
development to find out the defects and suggest improvements to produce good quality
software.
4. Formal Technical Reviews (FTR)FTR is a meeting conducted by the technical staff. The
motive of the meeting is to detect quality problems and suggest improvements. The technical
person focuses on the quality of the software from the customer point of view.
5. Measurement Measurement consists of the effort required to measure the software. The
software cannot be measured directly. It is measured by direct and indirect measures. Direct
measures like cost, lines of code, size of software etc. Indirect measures such as quality of
software which is measured by some other factor. Hence, it is an indirect measure of
software.
6. Software Configuration Management (SCM) It manages the effect of change throughout the
software process.
7. Reusability managementIt defines the criteria for reuse the product. The quality of software
is good when the components of the software are developed for certain application and are
useful for developing other applications.
8. Work product preparation and productionIt consists of the activities that are needed to
create the documents, forms, lists, logs and user manuals for developing a software.
7. PROCESS MODEL
The software development model are the various processes or methodologies that
are being selected for the development of the project depending on the project’s
aims and goals. There are many development life cycle models that have been
developed in order to achieve different required objectives. The models specify the
various stages of the process and the order in which they are carried out.
The selection of model has very high impact on the testing that is carried out. It will
define what, where and when should we perform testing and determines which
testing techniques to be used.
There are various Software development models or methodologies like:
2.2.1 PRESCRIPTIVE MODELS
2.2.2 THE WATERFALL MODELS
2.2.3 INCREMENTAL PROCESS MODELS
THE INCREMENTAL MODEL
THE RAD MODEL
2.2.4 EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS MODELS
PROTOTYPING
THE SPIRAL MODEL
THE CONCURRENT DEVELOPMENT MODEL
2.2.5 SPECIALIZED PROCESS MODELS
COMPONENT-BASED DEVELOPMENT
THE FORMAL METHODS MODEL
2.2.6 THE UNIFIED PROCESS
8.
9. WATER FALL MODEL
The waterfall model is a relatively linear sequential design approach for Software
engineering design. In software development, it tends to be among the less iterative and
flexible approaches, as progress flows in largely one direction ("downwards" like
a waterfall) through the phases of conception, initiation, analysis, design, construction,
testing, deployment and maintenance.
In waterfall model, the following phases are followed in order:
• System and Software requirements: Captured in a System Requirements Document.
• Analysis: Resulting in models, schema and business rules.
• Design: Resulting in the Software Architecture
• Coding: The development, proving and integration of software.
• Testing: The systematic discovery and debugging of defects.
• Operations: The installation, migration, support, and maintenance of complete systems.
Thus the waterfall model maintains that one should move to a phase only when its
preceding phase is reviewed and verified.
10. A SPIRAL VIEW OF THE REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING PROCESS
11. SPECIALIZED PROCESS MODELS
1. Component-based Development Model :
• Consists of the following process steps
– Available component-based products are researched and evaluated
for the application domain in question
– Component integration issues are considered
– A software architecture is designed to accommodate the
components
– Components are integrated into the architecture
– Comprehensive testing is conducted to ensure proper functionality
• Relies on a robust component library
• Capitalizes on software reuse, which leads to documented savings
in project cost and time
12. SPECIALIZED PROCESS MODELS (CONT.,)
2. Formal Methods Model (Description)
• Encompasses a set of activities that leads to formal mathematical
specification of computer software
• Enables a software engineer to specify, develop, and verify a
computer-based system by applying a rigorous, mathematical
notation
• Ambiguity, incompleteness, and inconsistency can be discovered and
corrected more easily through mathematical analysis
• Offers the promise of defect-free software
• Used often when building safety-critical systems
Formal Methods Model (Challenges)
• Development of formal methods is currently quite time-consuming
and expensive
• Because few software developers have the necessary background to
apply formal methods, extensive training is required
• It is difficult to use the models as a communication mechanism for
technically unsophisticated customers
15. Background
• Introduced during the late 1980s and early 1990s when object-
oriented languages were gaining wide-spread use.
• Many object-oriented analysis and design methods were proposed;
three top authors were Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson, and James
Rumbaugh.
• They eventually worked together on a unified method, called the
Unified Modeling Language (UML)
– UML is a robust notation for the modeling and development of object- oriented
systems
– UML became an industry standard in 1997
– However, UML does not provide the process framework, only the necessary
technology for object-oriented development
• Booch, Jacobson, and Rumbaugh later developed the unified
process, which is a framework for object-oriented software
engineering using UML
– Draws on the best features and characteristics of conventional software process
models
– Emphasizes the important role of software architecture
– Consists of a process flow that is iterative and incremental, thereby providing an
evolutionary feel
• Consists of five phases: inception, elaboration, construction,
transition, and production
16. 1. Inception Phase
• Encompasses both customer communication and planning activities of the
generic process
• Business requirements for the software are identified
• A rough architecture for the system is proposed
• A plan is created for an incremental, iterative development
• Fundamental business requirements are described through preliminary use
cases
– A use case describes a sequence of actions that are performed by a user.
2. Elaboration Phase
• Encompasses both the planning and modeling activities of the generic process
• Refines and expands the preliminary use cases
• Expands the architectural representation to include five views
– Use-case model
– Analysis model
– Design model
– Implementation model
– Deployment model
• Often results in an executable architectural baseline that represents a first
cut executable system
• The baseline demonstrates the viability of the architecture but does not
provide all features and functions required to use the system.
17. 3. Construction Phase
• Encompasses the construction activity of the generic process
• Uses the architectural model from the elaboration phase as input
• Develops or acquires the software components that make each use-case
operational
• Analysis and design models from the previous phase are completed to
reflect the final version of the increment
• Use cases are used to derive a set of acceptance tests that are executed
prior to the next phase.
4. Transition Phase
• Encompasses the last part of the construction activity and the first part
of the deployment activity of the generic process
• Software is given to end users for beta testing and user feedback reports
on defects and necessary changes
• The software teams create necessary support documentation (user
manuals, trouble-shooting guides, installation procedures)
• At the conclusion of this phase, the software increment becomes a usable
software release.
18. 5. Production Phase
• Encompasses the last part of the deployment activity of the
generic process
• On-going use of the software is monitored
• Support for the operating environment (infrastructure) is
provided
• Defect reports and requests for changes are submitted and
evaluated
19.
Unified Process Work Products
• Work products are produced in each of the first four phases of
the unified process
Analysis model and the Design model work products:
• Analysis model includes – Scenario-based model, class-based
model, and behavioral model
• Design model includes – Component-level design, interface
design, architectural design, and data/class design