Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad was Malaysia's fourth and longest-serving Prime Minister, holding the post from 1981 to 2003. He was born in 1925 to a teacher and was educated in medicine. Dr. Mahathir was first elected to parliament in 1964 and held several ministerial portfolios before becoming Prime Minister in 1981. As Prime Minister, he initiated privatization and industrialization policies that transformed Malaysia's economy. His Vision 2020 aimed to make Malaysia a developed nation, and he oversaw major infrastructure projects. Dr. Mahathir is remembered as a transformative and outspoken leader who helped develop Malaysia.
Kertas Soalan PT3 (Pt3 Error Identification Exercise)Kopitiam English
A set of 7 sample exercises on [ ERROR IDENTIFICATION ] which students must answer in Section of the English Written Test. I also have uploaded the sample answers which you can download at slideshare....
--I have just prepared a module on 'Error Identification' consisting of 40 questions without the watermark. This module can be useful for students and teachers alike. Those who are interested to score in Section A - can download this module at https://gumroad.com/l/NCFGZ
Dokumen tersebut berisi contoh kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja dalam bahasa Melayu beserta artinya. Kata kerja tersebut digunakan untuk menggambarkan berbagai aktivitas sehari-hari seperti bergerak, memindahkan benda, memasak, berkomunikasi, dan lainnya.
Kertas Soalan PT3 (Pt3 Error Identification Exercise)Kopitiam English
A set of 7 sample exercises on [ ERROR IDENTIFICATION ] which students must answer in Section of the English Written Test. I also have uploaded the sample answers which you can download at slideshare....
--I have just prepared a module on 'Error Identification' consisting of 40 questions without the watermark. This module can be useful for students and teachers alike. Those who are interested to score in Section A - can download this module at https://gumroad.com/l/NCFGZ
Dokumen tersebut berisi contoh kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja dalam bahasa Melayu beserta artinya. Kata kerja tersebut digunakan untuk menggambarkan berbagai aktivitas sehari-hari seperti bergerak, memindahkan benda, memasak, berkomunikasi, dan lainnya.
Ringkasan singkat dari dokumen tersebut adalah:
1) Seorang pelajar bernama Arsyad Arifin dipindahkan dari asramanya setelah tidak lulus ujian PMR
2) Dia bertemu dengan teman baru bernama Faiz yang membantunya beradaptasi di sekolah baru
3) Suatu hari ketika bermancing bersama, Faiz mengalami kecelakaan motosikal yang melukai tangan Arsyad
Phileas Fogg makes a wager at the Reform Club that he can circumnavigate the world in 80 days. He travels by steamship and trains, crossing the Suez Canal, visiting India, Hong Kong, Japan, and the United States before returning to England. However, in Liverpool Fix arrests Fogg, believing he robbed the Bank of England. Fogg learns he has finished the journey in 79 days and wins the wager.
This document contains an English language exam paper with multiple sections and questions. The paper tests the examinee's ability to identify grammatical errors, comprehend passages and questions, summarize information, and write responses. It covers topics like the environment, Malaysian culture and unity, health issues like fainting, and literature. The exam assesses a wide range of English language skills over several pages.
Cerita ini menceritakan tentang Si Tanggang yang meninggalkan ibunya yang miskin untuk merantau. Dia kemudian menjadi kaya tetapi melupakan ibunya. Ketika ibunya mengunjunginya, Si Tanggang menghalau ibunya dengan kasar. Akibatnya, kapal Si Tanggang karam dalam badai dan dia menjadi batu karena telah menderhaka kepada ibunya. Cerita ini memberikan pesan untuk menghargai orang tua.
Teks tersebut memberikan contoh penggunaan lima peribahasa Melayu beserta maksudnya. Kemudian, teks tersebut meminta pembaca untuk membentuk satu ayat menggunakan setiap peribahasa tersebut untuk menunjukkan pemahaman terhadap makna dan penggunaannya.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang kata adjektif dan jenis-jenisnya. Kata adjektif digunakan untuk menjelaskan sifat atau keadaan sesuatu. Terdapat delapan jenis kata adjektif yaitu sifat/keadaan, warna, ukuran, bentuk, pancaindera, waktu, jarak, dan perasaan. Kata adjektif dapat diperkuat dengan kata penguat seperti "sangat", "amat", "paling".
The Malaysian government system has three main branches based on the principle of separation of powers:
1) The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister and includes the Cabinet and various ministries.
2) The legislative branch is made up of a two-house Parliament and state legislative assemblies.
3) The judiciary branch has a hierarchy of courts headed by the Federal Court.
KSSR Engish Year 5 Test Paper 2 - 2nd term 2015Jenny Wai
1) The document is an English progress evaluation from a secondary school consisting of multiple choice and short answer questions testing reading comprehension, grammar, vocabulary and writing skills.
2) The questions cover topics such as completing labels, filling out graphic organizers, comparative adjectives, idioms, sentence construction, interrogative pronouns, and writing paragraphs about animal descriptions.
3) The evaluation is scored out of 100 and includes answers to all questions at the end for self-grading.
This document provides guidelines for writing informal letters. It discusses the format which includes the address, date, salutation, contents, closing remarks, and ending. Sample sentences are given for the opening remarks, extending and responding to invitations, giving information, advice, apologies, congratulations, condolences, and sympathy. The format and samples show how to structure different parts of an informal letter in a friendly tone.
Informational Writing 3Rd Grade Worksheets - MaryaJennifer Graham
Matthew's gospel emphasizes Jesus' Jewish identity and fulfillment of Jewish prophecy to portray him as the promised Messiah. It highlights his divine sonship and authority while also showing him upholding Mosaic law. Key events and teachings demonstrate he is the king who establishes God's kingdom on earth.
Matthew traces Jesus' lineage back to Abraham and David to firmly establish his Jewish credentials. He portrays Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah. Numerous citations of passages like Isaiah 7:14 and Hosea 11:1 present Jesus as the one who was prophesied to come. Matthew also emphasizes
The document contains Maritza Tulcanaza's portfolio for her sixth semester studying foreign trade and international negotiations. The portfolio includes sections on tasks completed, expositions given, personal resources compiled, and projects worked on related to her coursework, Ecuadorian culture, and English language skills. It provides an overview of Maritza's academic work and experiences in university.
Ringkasan singkat dari dokumen tersebut adalah:
1) Seorang pelajar bernama Arsyad Arifin dipindahkan dari asramanya setelah tidak lulus ujian PMR
2) Dia bertemu dengan teman baru bernama Faiz yang membantunya beradaptasi di sekolah baru
3) Suatu hari ketika bermancing bersama, Faiz mengalami kecelakaan motosikal yang melukai tangan Arsyad
Phileas Fogg makes a wager at the Reform Club that he can circumnavigate the world in 80 days. He travels by steamship and trains, crossing the Suez Canal, visiting India, Hong Kong, Japan, and the United States before returning to England. However, in Liverpool Fix arrests Fogg, believing he robbed the Bank of England. Fogg learns he has finished the journey in 79 days and wins the wager.
This document contains an English language exam paper with multiple sections and questions. The paper tests the examinee's ability to identify grammatical errors, comprehend passages and questions, summarize information, and write responses. It covers topics like the environment, Malaysian culture and unity, health issues like fainting, and literature. The exam assesses a wide range of English language skills over several pages.
Cerita ini menceritakan tentang Si Tanggang yang meninggalkan ibunya yang miskin untuk merantau. Dia kemudian menjadi kaya tetapi melupakan ibunya. Ketika ibunya mengunjunginya, Si Tanggang menghalau ibunya dengan kasar. Akibatnya, kapal Si Tanggang karam dalam badai dan dia menjadi batu karena telah menderhaka kepada ibunya. Cerita ini memberikan pesan untuk menghargai orang tua.
Teks tersebut memberikan contoh penggunaan lima peribahasa Melayu beserta maksudnya. Kemudian, teks tersebut meminta pembaca untuk membentuk satu ayat menggunakan setiap peribahasa tersebut untuk menunjukkan pemahaman terhadap makna dan penggunaannya.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang kata adjektif dan jenis-jenisnya. Kata adjektif digunakan untuk menjelaskan sifat atau keadaan sesuatu. Terdapat delapan jenis kata adjektif yaitu sifat/keadaan, warna, ukuran, bentuk, pancaindera, waktu, jarak, dan perasaan. Kata adjektif dapat diperkuat dengan kata penguat seperti "sangat", "amat", "paling".
The Malaysian government system has three main branches based on the principle of separation of powers:
1) The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister and includes the Cabinet and various ministries.
2) The legislative branch is made up of a two-house Parliament and state legislative assemblies.
3) The judiciary branch has a hierarchy of courts headed by the Federal Court.
KSSR Engish Year 5 Test Paper 2 - 2nd term 2015Jenny Wai
1) The document is an English progress evaluation from a secondary school consisting of multiple choice and short answer questions testing reading comprehension, grammar, vocabulary and writing skills.
2) The questions cover topics such as completing labels, filling out graphic organizers, comparative adjectives, idioms, sentence construction, interrogative pronouns, and writing paragraphs about animal descriptions.
3) The evaluation is scored out of 100 and includes answers to all questions at the end for self-grading.
This document provides guidelines for writing informal letters. It discusses the format which includes the address, date, salutation, contents, closing remarks, and ending. Sample sentences are given for the opening remarks, extending and responding to invitations, giving information, advice, apologies, congratulations, condolences, and sympathy. The format and samples show how to structure different parts of an informal letter in a friendly tone.
Informational Writing 3Rd Grade Worksheets - MaryaJennifer Graham
Matthew's gospel emphasizes Jesus' Jewish identity and fulfillment of Jewish prophecy to portray him as the promised Messiah. It highlights his divine sonship and authority while also showing him upholding Mosaic law. Key events and teachings demonstrate he is the king who establishes God's kingdom on earth.
Matthew traces Jesus' lineage back to Abraham and David to firmly establish his Jewish credentials. He portrays Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah. Numerous citations of passages like Isaiah 7:14 and Hosea 11:1 present Jesus as the one who was prophesied to come. Matthew also emphasizes
The document contains Maritza Tulcanaza's portfolio for her sixth semester studying foreign trade and international negotiations. The portfolio includes sections on tasks completed, expositions given, personal resources compiled, and projects worked on related to her coursework, Ecuadorian culture, and English language skills. It provides an overview of Maritza's academic work and experiences in university.
1. The document contains summaries of chapters from a social psychology course on stereotypes, self-serving bias, confirmation bias, social learning through peers, and pluralistic ignorance.
2. It discusses the author's own stereotype of taxi drivers based on news reports, an example of self-serving bias in blaming external factors for their exam performance, and how they fell victim to confirmation bias in anticipating a movie.
3. It also describes how meeting new peers helped the author gain confidence by observing their behaviors, and an experience with pluralistic ignorance where others did not help during a car accident due to fear of getting involved.
Hailemariam Desalegn Boshe vs. demands of free and fair election
Berhanu Taye
April 1 2010
Let's pray for Dr. Abiy Ahmed in the future for good work! And Dr. Abi Ahmad will be rated correctly in the game he plays when he enters the playground. Strong opponents want it comes to radical change rather than electing one-party voters they want to be elected by the public.
But in these articles I want to review and testify is the Prime Minister Hailemariam.
Admission Essay Personal Narrative College EssayApril Wbnd
The passage provides instructions for students seeking writing assistance on the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund offered for plagiarized work. The passage guarantees original, high-quality content.
The document discusses the halo effect and provides examples of how it can influence perceptions and judgments of people. Specifically, it describes how seeing an attractive person may lead one to assume they have other positive qualities without basis. The author acknowledges experiencing this by automatically associating an attractive girl's appearance with assumptions about her family, boyfriend, academics and talents. The halo effect can occur without awareness and influence how people feel about and think of others based primarily on superficial attributes.
09 '19 TJ Writes: Does Social Media Destroy Real-Life Communication + My 3-Ye...Jarod Yong
September edition of the 2019 TJ Writes: Does Social Media Destroy Real-Life Communication + My 3-Year Experience At SMK Tabuan Jaya + My Durian Holiday + Think Before You Speak + Ways To Reduce Air Pollution
English Language Society, SMK Tabuan Jaya
More info: https://www.jarodyong.com/2019/11/tj-writes-monthly-english-bulletin.html
The MATE provincial branch in Taroudannt has launched the first edition of its students' magazine to enhance students' skills. The magazine documents students' work and talents from secondary schools in Taroudannt. Future editions aim to broaden participation from all secondary schools in the directorate. The magazine includes educational materials, topics, student artwork, poems, stories, and reviews to showcase students' talents.
The 1999 film Fight Club explores themes of masculinity, consumerism, and anti-capitalism. It follows a man who starts an underground fighting club as an outlet for his frustrations with modern life. The film uses violence and dark humor to critique modern society and encourages men to reconnect with their primal nature. It ultimately questions what it means to truly be a man in the modern world.
The Cherry Lady case study discusses a business called The Cherry Lady (TLC) that specializes in gourmet cherries. It was started in 2004 by Alicia Gans. The summary analyzes TLC's business model, challenges, and strategies for growth. Key points include that TLC sources cherries from all over the world, sells directly to consumers, and aims to expand its customer base. Challenges include a short season and competition. The case study evaluates TLC's options for expanding its product line and customer reach.
Essay On My Last Summer Vacation. Online assignment writing service.Sandy Simonsen
1. Develop high quality, unique content that attracts and engages your target audience. Original content is critical to standing out from competitors online.
2. Optimize your website and content for search engines through keyword research and SEO best practices. Proper SEO ensures your content reaches the right people.
3. Analyze website traffic and audience data to continuously improve your content, marketing strategies, and overall online presence. Tracking metrics allows you to stay ahead of competitors.
This document is an autobiographical speech by Subroto Bagchi describing his life experiences and lessons learned from his parents that shaped his definition of success. The three main lessons are: 1) Treat all people, regardless of status, with dignity and respect. 2) Success is defined not by material possessions but by the positive impact and legacy you leave behind. 3) Imagination and vision are important for seeing beyond one's current circumstances and creating a better future.
India Leadership Conclave 2019 - "Opportunities" - The 5 Trillion Dollar Miss...Indian Affairs
India's $5 trillion-economy plans looks good on paper but it needs to address gaps. India Leadership Conclave is of the opinion that India needs foreign direct investment (FDI) urgently, and lots of it. Since FDI, unlike portfolio investment, is long-term patient capital, entrepreneurs and bankers like to examine proposals very carefully.
India’s record on the dispute resolution front has also proved to be extremely worrying. That is why most investors prefer to insert a clause allowing for international arbitration from a seat outside of India.
The document provides instructions for writing an essay through an online service. It outlines 5 steps: 1) Create an account; 2) Complete an order form with instructions and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and choose one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction and get a refund if plagiarized. The service aims to provide original, high-quality content through an online bidding process between clients and writers.
101 International Essay Writing Competitions 2023Karen Oliver
The passage discusses the need for stricter laws to protect elephants from poaching. Elephant numbers are declining rapidly due to ivory poaching, with the population falling by over 100,000 per year. If poaching continues unabated, elephants could go extinct within a few years. Stricter laws and higher consequences for poachers are necessary to curb the illegal ivory trade and help save elephants. Enforcing stricter anti-poaching regulations could help protect elephant populations and the broader ecosystem.
The passage discusses the history of efforts to prolong human life, from Juan Ponce de Leon's search for the Fountain of Youth in the 16th century to modern scientific research areas like telomerase expression, gene therapy, and studying the hypothalamus region of the brain. While life expectancy has doubled since 1900 due to medical advances, some argue this could strain resources on an overpopulated planet. The passage examines both the progress made and ongoing questions around radical life extension.
Pin On Motivation Posts. Online assignment writing service.Amelia Richardson
This document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting an assignment request on the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, and the site guarantees original, high-quality work or a full refund.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Sample essay
1. SECTION B: CONTINUOUS WRITING: 50 MARKS
CONTINOUS: ARTICLE: Description on a Person
A Prominent Malaysian Leader
As the fourth and most dynamic Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad
will indelible impression on the sands of Malaysia for many years to come. He held the post for 22
years from 1981 to 2003, making him Malaysia's longest-serving Prime Minister, and one of the
longest-serving leaders in Asia.
Born on 20th December, 1925 in Alor Setar, Dr. Mahathir is the son of a teacher. He is the
youngest of nine children of a school teacher and a housewife. His father, Mohamad Iskandar, was of
Indian descent, being the son of a Muslim and a Malay mother, while Mahathir's own mother, Datin
Wan Tempawan Wan Hanafi, was Malay. He is married to Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah binti Haji Mohamad
Ali, they have seven children, four sons and three daughters. From an early age, Tun Mahathir had
the importance of educationdrummed into him by his father, who was also a strict disciplinarian.
After his early education at the Maktab Sultan Abdul Hamid in Alor Setar, he enrolled at the
King Edward VII College of Medicine in the University of Singapore. Armed with a MBBS degree in
medicine, he set up his own clinic, the Maha Clinic in Alor Setar. As a doctor, Tun Mahathir came into
close contact with people from variety of social strataand enjoyed a close rapport with them. He
understood their problems. Thus, when he was thrust into the politic limelight, he strove to fulfil the
needs of the people.
He was first catapulted into the world of politics when he became the Member of Parliement
for Alor Setar in 1964. After holding a number of portfolios, including Minister of Education, Minister of
Trade and Industry and Deputy Prime Minister, he finally became the Prime Minister on 16th July,
1981. The country flourished with Dr. Mahathir at thehelm of the government. His contributions to
the nation are so immense and parexcellence. He has left his mark in every aspect – in politics,
economy or education.
Realizing that government-owned enterprises are neither efficient nor profitable, he initiated
the privation policy in 1983. This had immediate effect of cutting down bureaucraticineptitude and
operational cost while at the same time generating more revenue.
With collapse of the prices of agricultural commodities in the eighties, Tun Mahathir decided
that it was time to shift the nation’s focus to more profitable areas. Thus, he started the
industrialization programme. Reputed as the country’s top salesman, he showcased Malaysia to
investors abroad in a bid to woo them. As a result of the heavy industrialization drive, major projects
like national car project or PROTON and the steel company, PERWAJA, together with other mega
project were launched one after another. Next, realizing that industrialization would require a good
infrastructure, he set about improving it. The Mahathir era saw a successful completion of the North-
South Highway, the East-West Highway, the Multimedia Super Corridor, the Kuala Lumpur
International Airport in Sepang and many more.
An astute politician, he charted the growth of the country’s progress from the day he took
office. He envisages that Malaysia can only attain the status of a fully developed country if it
becomes an industrialization one and this ambition has been his main agenda during his tenure. With
this in mind, he announced Vision 2020, his most ambitious vision.
Frank and outspoken by nature, Tun Mahathir speak without fear nor favour. This has been
the hallmark of thus much respected statesman. The inefficiency of local and international
organizations has always come under his scrutiny and critism.
It has been almost two decades since Tun Mahathir took over reins of the government. It has
undoubtedly been the golden era for Malaysia with many notable achievements.
Your task:
Find the meaning of the 16 bold words
2. CONTINOUS: Descriptive - Description of a Scene
A Road Accident
Road accidents are reported in newspaper and on television every day. There are more
frequently caused by reckless drivers rather than faulty vehicles. Last Saturday, while I was travelling
from Ipoh, I witnessed a serious accident. The scene of the accidents was vivid in my mind.
A motorcyclist was following behind was taxi very closely. He was so impatient that he was
trying to overtake my taxi even near a sharp bend. At that critical moment, there was an oncoming
car. The taxi driver swerved to the roadside and I got a terrible jolt. It was too late for the motorcyclist
to avoid the car. His motorcycle ran against the bumper of the car and smashed its windscreen. The
motorcyclist somersaulted over the car and was found lying in a pool of blood. It was a scene to chill
the flesh! The car driver, who was cut by the flying glass, was in a state of shock. All that happened in
split second and fear overwhelmed us.
The taxi driver stopped his taxi and I quickly ran to the nearest to the nearest telephone booth
to inform the police and the hospital. From a distance I could see some people trying to help the
injured motorcyclist and the car driver. They carried them into one of the onlooker’s car and sent them
to the hospital for treatment. Meanwhile the taxi driver tried to control and directs the traffic. Soon the
police arrived and they promptly took some measurements and evidence. After that they moved the
damaged car and the motorcycle to the roadside to ease the traffic congestion. They also took down
the evidence provided by witnesses and onlookers. Some sweepers were clearing the debris and the
blood stains on the road.
When the taxi finally continued the journey, I silently thanked God for my narrow escape. I
learned a good lesson that impatience and recklessness would bring harm and danger. I was happy
to see that Malaysians are public-spirited and they render help to others readily. Since then I
remember and follow the saying ‘more haste less speed’ and ‘prevention is better than cure’. I believe
good road manners and roads safety campaigns can help to reduce the number of road accidents
which cause injuries, loss and lives and properties.
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CONTINUOUS: NARRATIVE WRITING – Title Given
My Most Embarrassing Situation
Everyone has been embarrassed at one time or another. It is that moment in time when you
wish the earth would open up and swallow you. The anxiety and discomfort felt during that time which
may only last a few seconds feels like time has stood still.
I remember so well when I had my most embarrassing moment. I was in Form 4 and it was
during the school recess. The minute the bell rang for recess, I rushed to the toilet because I had
been controlling my urges since class started. I didn’t want to miss class because the lesson taught
that morning was to include tips for the forthcoming examination.
Without realising, I had rushed to the girls’ toilet. The prolonged control and an upset stomach
made worse by two glasses of cold milk in the morning made me grunt and groan in what I thought in
what I thought was the privacy of the cubicle. I thought I heard giggling outside and wondered why the
giggles sounded unusually near. A few minutes later I came out the cubicle and discovered my horror
that I had entered the girls’ toilet. To make matters worse, the few girls standing outside didn’t even
turn away when I came out. Instead they looked down at me, then only they turned quickly away.
Horror of horrors, I had forgotten to zip up! No beetroot could have matched the colour of my face at
this point in time!
They news of my predicament spread like wild fire throughout school. I was truly the talk of the
town. I felt like I could either walk around feeling perpetually self-conscious and embarrassed or I
could turn the situation round, perhaps even to my advantage. I remembered my mother’s words that
‘if you can’t beat them, join them’. So I decided to make fun of myself, to laugh at myself too. It works.
Everyone got bored after a while and nobody teased me after that.
3. It was indeed an eye-opening experience for me. I have learnt that when people laugh at you,
you should laugh along. You must not take yourself seriously. Learn to look at yourself through other
people’s eyes and you will realise that most of the time when they laugh at you, they just want to have
some fun. They mean no harm. If you can make people laugh, it’s like bringing sunshine into their
lives and as someone said, ‘those who bring sunshine to the lives of others cannot keep it from
themselves.’
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CONTINUOUS: NARRATIVE WRITING – With a starting phrase
Write a story starting with: “The widow had to work hard to bring up her little son alone...”
The widow had to work hard to bring up her little son alone. This was after her husband’s
early death. She and her son lived in a wooden house. It was a small house with only one bedroom
and a kitchen.
Mariam wanted Sam to study hard to get good result. So she would not let Sam help her do
any household chores or wash his own clothes. The years flew by. Sam sat for his SPM examination
and pass with flying colours.
His mother was very happy. She went round telling her friends, “My Sam will be leaving for the
city to study in a college. He will become a Manager one day. I’ll move to live with him in the city.
Then, my struggle is worth it.”
So Mariam continued to work hard to send money to Sam who was studying a business
degree. For Mariam, it was a tough life. Meanwhile, Sam kept on phoning home to ask for more
money. Mariam even had to borrow from her neighbours and friends to send her son the money.
Three years Sam stopped calling home. He did not even let his mother where he was. When
she phoned the faculty, they told her that he had graduated and left for job. However, they could not
her more. Mariam was baffled. Where was Sam? She was so sure he would come back and fetch her
for city. So, she started to pack some of her bags and boxes.
Three months later, there was still no news or call from Sam. One day, Mariam’s niece, Kate,
came to talk to her about Sam. She told her aunt, “Auntie, a friend of mine met Sam in a bank. He’s
the branch manager. This is his address.”
Early in the morning, Mariam took the first bus to the city. At the bus station, she took a taxi
and showed the taxi driver the bank address. On the way there, she told the driver about Sam and
what a filial son he was.
The driver stopped his taxi in front of a tall building. She got out of the taxi and smiled at him
happily. This was the moment she was going to meet Sam. She imagined him showing surprise and
delight at meeting his mother. Inside the building, a security guard asked her who she was looking for.
She told the guard Sam’s name.
The bank staff saw an old lady holding a worn-out handbag. They were wondering, “Who is
this woman? Why is she asking for our manager?”
Meanwhile, Sam pretended he did not know his mother. Feeling disgusted and ashamed, he
asked the security guard to ask her to leave. Mariam was shocked to hear that! She looked Sam in a
disappointed feeling ever, and ran out of the bank.
Back in her house, Mariam cried the whole night. She cried and cried till she had no more
tears. The next morning, she was sitting by the window with Sam’s photo on her lap. She saw him
walking towards their house. Soon she was shouting and crying, “My Sam is back! My Sam is back!”
Sam ran towards her and hugged Mariam as he never let go. He was so sorry and regretted
the way he behaved. His colleagues were the one who made him realized his big mistakes neglected
his mother.
The neighbours heard her. They too shouted and cheered, feeling happy for her.
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4. CONTINUOUS: NARRATIVE WRITING: With an ending
Write a story ending with “... En. Nizam was grateful he had such good neighbours.”
Not even in his wildest dream did En. Nizam think he would lose so much in such a short time.
It had been a trying period. When he got word that his father was on his death bed, En. Nizam’s
family rushed to his hometown. Even before the funeral rites were over, he received a call from his
immediate neighbour that his house was partly destroyed by fire and that the cause of the fire was
believed to be arson.
Members of En. Nizam’s immediate family and his relatives were in state of disarray. First, it
was the death of an elder member of a family, then this misfortune. Although En. Nizam was worried,
deep in his heart he knew that he had very good neighbours, friends who would stand by him in good
times and bad.
Sure enough, the minute he set foot in the compound of his house, he knew he was right. His
neighbours, Mr.Subra and En. Majid, were there taking a close watch on the house. He learnt from
them that the neighbours had been taking turns to keep an all-day vigil on the house. He thanked
them from the bottom of his heart.
After inspecting the damage caused by the fire, En. Majid handed donations collected by the
residents living in the area. His neighbours had passed the hat around and the donations came up to
a significant amount. Although, the donations was still short of the amount required to repair the
damages, en. Nazim was grateful.
The next day, En. Nazim was even more overwhelmed by the care and concern shown by his
neighbours. They were there to extend their condolences and to show their support. Donations came
pouring in. The women folk were busy preparing all the meals for the family.
With the help of his neighbours, En. Nizam got a building contractor to repair the damaged
sections of the house. The repair and renovations took almost a week to complete. When the house
was ready, the neighbour turned up in full force to congratulate him.
Tears welled up in E. Nizam’s eyes. He was at a loss for words. En. Nizam was grateful he
had such good neighbours.
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CONTINUOUS: ARGUMENTATIVE
Which do you prefer, living in the countryside or living in the city?
Countryside
I think living in the countryside is far better than living in the city. There are numerous of
reasons why living in countryside is the better than the city. The scenery, the streets, the people and
the paced are totally different compare to the city.
The first outstanding characteristic about the countryside is that it is beautiful and peaceful.
The air is fresh and the surroundings green. This is because the countryside is free from pollution, be
it air, land or noise pollution. There no such perfect peaceful view that you can see other than in the
countryside.
There are no crowded streets and heavy traffic in the countryside. Thus there are no fumes
from cars and smoke from factories buildings to pollute the air. The trees surrounded the countryside
help the people from inhaling the polluted air. The freshness smell of plant somehow helps the people
of the countryside to have a healthy life.
Furthermore, people in the countryside are more conscious of keeping their surroundings
clean and so there is little throwing of rubbish everywhere, only at designated places. This is unlike
the cities where if the garbage trucks do not collect the rubbish disposed by household or restaurants,
the city will be overflowing with rubbish! This will attract the mosquitoes, fly, rats and wild dogs to
pollute their surrounding that will cause them to have diseases like dengue and cholera.
5. Thirdly, heavy traffic and crowded streets increase the level of noise pollution. The honking of
cars in the streets is continuous and the crowds on the roads increase the hub of activity. There are
also sound of the machine used in manufacturing factories, loud radio in and out the mall. These add
to the noise of the city. Even if one lives in residential areas, one is never far from busy streets.
However, in the countryside, life is slow-paced. There is no need to rush around because
there are not too many places to go. Most places are close by and people can walk or cycle. Less
vehicle used, so less fumes is released.
The most heart-warming thing about the countryside is the attitude of people. People are
friendly and helpful. If there are any happy or festive occasions, everyone pitches in to help. This
feeling of cooperation and neighbourliness is what separates the countryside from the city.
In the city, people are too busy to take note of the people around. Some hardly even know
their neighbours. So they would not even be bothered about what happens to people around. This is
why the crime rate is increasing in the city because bystanders do not rush in to help if a crime is
committed on the streets.
The pace of life in the countryside is slow so people have more time to enjoy life as the day
goes on. Thus, for me to enjoy the quality of life, I prefer to live in the countryside.
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City
In my opinion, one has not experienced life until one has lived in the city. There is so much to
see and experience in the bright lights of the city that you cannot get in the countryside. Here in the
city, you can learn about how to get along with people of different types, encounter varied situations
and solve problems. All these help a person to grow in maturity. After all, experience is the best
teacher.
In the countryside, however, you only move around people you are used to. So, you seldom
encounter strangers or new and demanding situations. Life is more mundane and routine-like. Staying
in a secure, safe place does not allow for one to gain new experiences and grow in maturity.
Furthermore, young people need a life that is exciting and pleasurable. It is the city that offers
you entertainment- cinemas, parks and eating places. Here you can hang out with friends and family
members. Life as fast-paced and this keeps you active and alert all times. And when it comes to
educational opportunities, the city abounds in this. There are good school and libraries that are
necessary for your mental development. Furthermore, there are places like museums and educational
centres where you can go, to increase your knowledge.
Such places that offer you entertainment or learning opportunities are of course not available
in the countryside. For entertainment, there is only the occasional festive celebration or marriage feast
or fishing outing. Some may find this appealing but not me. Moreover, opportunities to widen your
knowledge are limited in the countryside.
Another point in support of living in the city is the available of jobs. In the city, you can find a
job that suits your qualification or interest. If you find a job unsuitable, you can always move to
another. This, naturally, increases your earning power and you have better chances of a more
comfortable life. Of course, one may argue that one can live in the countryside and work in the city but
this will only incur extra expenses and unnecessary inconveniences.
Thus, for all the reasons mentioned above, I think that life in the city is better than living in the
countryside. After all, you are young only once.
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6. CONTINUOUS: EXPOSITORY
Social Networking Website
A large number of internet users have joined social networking websites. A social network
service is an online service, platform, or site that focuses on building and reflecting of social networks
or social relations among people. For example is for those who wants to share interests and, or
activities. A social network service essentially consists of a representation of each user which known
often as a profile, his or her social links, and a variety of additional services.
Most social network services are web based and provide means for users to interact over the
internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging. Online community services are sometimes
considered as a social network service. In a broader sense, social network service usually means an
individual-centered service whereas online community services are group-centered. Social networking
sites allow users to share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks.
In the last five years, they have been growing up more and more popular. This increase in
their popularity has led to a large number of members.
One of the many reasons why Yahoo!, MySpace and Facebook social networking websites
have increased in popularity is due to the fact that they cover a wide variety of different topics, issues
and interest. They do not just focus on one particular group of individuals or one particular issue.
Their policy is to invite as many types of internet users to join as possible. By this, it gives members a
wide selection of online friends to choose from.
If you are looking to join a social networking website that is more focused on creating
friendships or partnerships between internet users preferable with the same interests, then you will
want to focus on social networking websites. They have a particular focus. The prevalent websites
focus on important issues, topics and hobbies, such as pet owners, religion travel and others. So
before you join, think of an issue you are interested in and sign up for the website that focuses on that
issue.
What really sets them apart from other websites? What is so special about them? These are
questions which have been asked by many who show interest in joining. Primarily, it is the
community. As mentioned, such social networking sites tend to focus on a particular topic, issue or
hobby. This means that if you are a keen traveller and you would like to speak to other keen
travellers, you will want to join a traveller’s networking sites.
The difference between these social networking sites and traditional ones is that you will
automatically be paired with hundreds, if not thousands, of other internet users who share the same
interests, views or beliefs as you. This is a big bonus to the members.
Another benefit in joining the social networking website is that you are, in a way, safer than
those who are members of other networks. Most of them require activation before joining the site.
Before activation can occur, many users are required to state their reasons for wanting to join the
network or they may be required to fill out a small questionnaire pertaining to determine whether or
not they have a genuine interest in the topic focused on by the network in question. By pairing you
with a group of individuals who share the same beliefs, views and interests as you do is
advantageous to members. It means that you do not have to spend hours researching a person or
speaking to them just to learn what they are or are not interested in. Therefore, this enables you to
jump right in and start making friends, almost as soon as you are granted access to the site that you
have chosen. This service gives the social networking websites a great edge over other websites.
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