Salmonellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Salmonella bacteria that affects many animal species including cattle, sheep, horses, poultry and humans. It is characterized by gastroenteritis and is transmitted through contaminated food and water. The bacteria infect the intestinal tract causing diarrhea, fever and sepsis. Young animals are more susceptible. Diagnosis is made through clinical signs, post-mortem lesions and isolating the bacteria through culture. Treatment involves antibiotics and fluid therapy while control relies on hygiene, sanitation and isolating infected animals.

1. SALMONELLOSIS
BY :
DR HAMZA ARSHAD

2. SALMONELLOSIS :
• Salmonellosis is one of the important zoonosis disease due to bacterial agents.
• Acute or chronic contagious disease of all species of animals, birds & human being.
CHARACTERIZED BY : GASTROENTERITIS
• Economic importance as this cause high mortality & morbidity
DISTRIBUTION : Worldwide
ETIOLOGY: More than 1000 serotypes of salmonella all considered potentially
pathogenic. Gram –ve non sporing rod shaped.
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST : Cattle , Sheep , Horse , Man , Fowl , Rodents &
Dog.

3. DISEASES :

4. TRANSMISSION:1. Direct exposure of susceptible animal to infected population
2. Contaminated water is the imp source of transmission
3. Animal may contract the infection from human sources
4. Carrier animals excrete the causative agents through their faeces (deer,elk,racoons etc.)
5. Eggs & meat products are mostly responsible for outbreak in humanbeaings
Pathogenesis :
A) Site of infection is alimentary tract. Very young
& very old animals are more susceptible.
B) On entry organism Invade intestinal mucosa, proliferate there & cause
severe damage to mucosa.
C) It also allow additional bacteria to invade blood vessel via
intestinal mucosa result Hemorrhage & necrosis of mucosa.
D) Organisms on entering the blood vessel setup septicaemia & foci of infection in
Spleen, liver & lymph nodes
COLONIZATION OF
BACTERIA IN GUT
DEPENDS ON SOME
FACTORS :
 Environmental stress
 Transportation stress
 Starvation
 Vit B deficiency

5. CLINICAL FINDINGS :
From clinical stand point , it has been classified as :
1)ENTERIC FORM : commonly observed in adults characterized by :
ANOREXIA
 DEPRESSION
HIGH RISE OF TEMP
PROFUSE WATERY FAECES
• initially animal may pass semisolid faeces followed by diarrhea with blood clot & mucus .
• Frequent defecation is accompanied by sign of abdominal pain.
• Excessive hemorrhage may cause anaemia.
• Gradually the initial temp drops to subnormal level and death occur.
• Course is from 3-7 days. Recover animal may become carrier & show the sign of emaciation &
polyarthritis.
• Pregnant cow may be abort.

6. CL FINDINGS CONTD….
2) SEPTICAEMIC FORM : commonly observed in young animals
characterized by:
• HIGH RISE OF TEMP, DULLNESS, ATAXIA & RECUMBENCY.
 Faeces are putty coloured & contain blood streaks.
 Animal may die within 1-2 days.
 In some cases there is involvement of musculoskeletal system resulting to
enlargement of joints.
THIS FORM IS ALSO CHARACTERIZED BY DYSPNOEA,ARTHRITIS & BLOODY
DIARRHOEA.
Dx:
Based on A)history
B) Clinical Signs
C) Lesions(hemorrhage & Edema In Gastric Mucosa)
D) Confirmatory Dx By Isolation And Identification Of Organism Through Culture.

7. TREATMENT :VARIOUS BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS & CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS HAVE BEEN RECOMMENDED.
DRUGS INCLUDE:
CHLORAMPHENICOL , NEOMYCIN , POLYMYXIN B , TRIMETHOPRIM & NITROFURAZONE .
IN VITRO DRUG SENSITIVITY TEST IS ADVISABLE TO SCREEN OUT THE DRUG OF CHOICE.
Salmonella antiserum provided to affected animal.
Fluid & electrolyte therapy in dehydration.
Adsorbent may be given to neutralize the endotoxin.
CONTROL :
I. Calving should be made in a hygienic place.
II. Provide clean wholesome water to animals.
III. Separate infected animals.
IV. High standard of personal hygiene is to be maintained.

8. THANK YOU ……