Upload By : Ahmed Ali Abbas Babylon University College of Dentistry  download this file from Website on google theoptimalsmile.wix.com/dentistry Oral histology

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2. THE SALIVARY
GLANDS
By :Ahmed Ali Abbas

3. Saliva
 complex fluid found lubricating the mucosa
and teeth of the oral cavity
 secreted by the salivary glands
 Major
 Minor

4. Types of Saliva
 salivary glands, their cells and ducts are
greatly responsible for the modification and
kind of saliva being secreted
 It is of three types:
 Serous Saliva
 Viscous Saliva
 Mixed Saliva

6. Serous Saliva
 Content:
 Amylase protein
 polysaccharides
 Cell: Serous Cells
 “watery saliva”
 Glands that secrete this type:
 Parotid Gland
 Von Ebner’s glands

7. Viscous Saliva
 Content:
 Mucins (glycoproteins)
 Carbohydrates
 Cell: Mucous Cells
 Thick and viscous
 Glands that secrete this type:
 Sublingual Gland
 Minor Salivary Glands (except Von Ebner’s
glands)

8. Mixed Saliva
 simply the combination of the aforementioned
types of saliva
 Able to do a multitude of significant functions
 Secreted by:
 Submandibular Gland
 Sublingual Gland
 Cells:
 Serous Cells
 Mucous Cells

9. Functions of Saliva
 Main function: maintaining the well-being of
the mouth
 Other important functions:
 Protection
 Buffering Action
 Digestion
 Facilitation of Taste
 Defensive Action against Microbes
 Ionic Exchange between Tooth Surface

10. Functions of Saliva

11. MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS

12. Major Salivary Glands
 Functional Unit
 Parenchyma
 Stroma
 In some books: salivon
 Three pairs:
 Parotid glands
 Submandibular glands
 Sublingual glands

13. Parotid Glands
 In front of the ear
behind the ramus
of mandible
 Purely serous
 Ptyalin and IgA
 Stensen’s duct-
opens opposite the
upper second
molar

14. Parotid Glands
 Nerve supply: CN V
 Sympathetic control:
superior cervical
ganglion
 Parasympathetic
control: CN IX, otic
ganglion

15. Submandibular Glands
 Inner aspect of the mandible below the floor of
the oral cavity
 Mixed, 90% serous 10% mucous
 Secretes lysozymes
 Wharton’s duct: opens at each side of the
sublingual folds

16. Submandibular Glands
 Serous demilunes
1: intralobular ducts/ striated ducts
2: mucous acinus
3: serous demilunes

17. Submandibular Glands
 Nerve supply: CN V
 Sympathetic
control: superior
cervical ganglion
 Parasympathetic
control: CN VII,
chorda tympani,
submandibular
ganglion

18. Sublingual Glands
 Floor of the mouth,
below the tongue
 Mixed, more mucous
 Ducts of Rivinus
 Bartholin’s duct:
opens into Wharton’s
duct

19. Sublingual Glands
 Nerve supply: CN V
 Sympathetic control: superior cervical ganglion
 Parasympathetic control: CN VII, chorda
tympani, submandibular ganglion

20. MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS

21. MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS
 Over 600 present in the oral cavity
 Types
 Mucous producing minor salivary glands
 Serous fluid producing minor salivary glands

22. Mucous Producing Minor
Salivary Glands
 Submucosa of the oral mucosa
 1-2 mm in diameter
 Not encapsulated
 Number of acini connected in a tiny lobule

23. Serous Fluid Producing Minor
Salivary Glands
 Aka. Von Ebner’s Glands
 Lipid hydrolysis and perception of taste
 Located around the foliate and circumvallate
papillae

24. Labial Glands
 Inner surface of lips
 Mixed saliva
 Cells have distinct
mucoalbuminous
character
 Terminal portions
often form typical
demilunes

25. Minor Buccal Glands
 Continuation of the labial glands in the cheek
 Lie within the vicinity of the opening of the
parotid duct
 Drain into the third molar region
 Therefore, it is known as molar glands

26. Glossopalatine Glands
 Pure mucous glands
 Continuation of the lesser sublingual glands
(posteriorly)
 Ascend in the mucosa of the glossopalatine
fold

27. Palatine Glands
 Pure mucous glands
 Occupy the roof of the oral cavity
 Divided into the glands of the:
 Hard palate
 Soft palate and uvula

28. Glands of the Tongue
 Anterior lingual gland
 Anterior part- chiefly mucous
 Posterior part- branching tubules lined with
mucous cells and capped with demilunes of
serous cells
 Posterior lingual glands
 Base of the tongue- purely mucous
 Glands of the vallate papillae (Von Ebner’s
glands)- purely serous, opens into the trough
(depression) of the vallate papillae

29. Glands of the Tongue

30. Von Ebner’s Glands

31. STRUCTURES OF SALIVARY
GLANDS

32. STRUCTURES OF SALIVARY
GLANDS
 Parenchyma of glands consists of:
 Secretory Portions
 Branching Duct Sytem
 Lobules
 Septae
 Capsule

35. SECRETORY PORTIONS

36. Serous Cells
 Seromucous cells
 Resemble truncated
pyramids
 Tight junctions
 Junctional
complexes
 Collectively, serous
acini

38. Apical Cytoplasm of Serous Cells containing secretory granules

39. Mucous Cells
 Adapted for
production, storage,
and secretion of
proteinaceous
material
 Mucins
 Collectively, mucous
acini

40. Mucous Cells in tubulard secretory end pieces.

41. Mucous cells showing the serous demilunes.

42. Myoepithelial Cells
 Flattened stellate
cells
 Desmosomes

43. Myoepithelial Cells

44. DUCTAL SYSTEM

45. Intercalated Ducts
 Classified as
intralobular duct
 Smallest branch of
the system of ducts
 Prominent in
Salivary Glands
 Frequent in Parotid
Gland

46. Striated Ducts
 Formed by union of
Intercalated Ducts

47. Terminal Excretory Ducts
 Special eosinophilic
cells

48. Terminal Excretory Ducts
 Interlobular excretory duct

49. Development of Salivary
Glands
 Derived from the oral mucosa
 Arise in weeks 5-6 of embryonic life

50. Development of Salivary
Glands
PRIMORDIA TIME OF
DEVELOPMEN
T
EMBRYONIC
ORIGIN
REGION
Parotid gland
primordia
(anlage)
5th
to 6th
week Ectoderm Labiogingival
sulcus
Submandibular
gland primordia
6th
week Endoderm Hyoid arch
Sublingual
gland primordia
7th
to 8th
week Endoderm Linguogingival
sulcus
Intraoral minor
salivary glands
3rd
month

51. Development of Salivary
Glands

52. AGE CHANGES

53. Age Changes
 the aging salivary glands are known to
undergo structural changes
 The lobule structure becomes less ordered
 The acini vary more in size and eventually atrophy
 Interlobular ducts become more prominent and the
percentage of fibroadipose tissue increases

54. Age Changes
 Changes in the salivary glands
(submandibular,parotid (less) and minor
salivary glands)
 Shrinkage of cells
 Dilation of ducts
 Oncocytic transformation
 Increased adiposity
 Fibrosis
 Focal microcalcifications with obstruction
 Chronic inflammation

55. THE END
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