The document discusses the salivary glands and saliva. It describes the major salivary glands - the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located below the ear. The submandibular gland is the second largest, mixed gland located under the jaw. The sublingual gland is the smallest gland located under the tongue. Minor salivary glands include serous, labial, lingual, palatine, and glossopalatine glands. Saliva aids digestion and contains enzymes, maintains pH, and allows for taste perception. The glands develop from epithelial buds in the oral cavity during

1. Submitted By : Nivedita Tomar ; Roll no. 13
Prachi Pathak. ; Roll no. 14

2. SALIVARY GLANDS

3. CONTENT:
SALIVA
SALIVARY GLAND
CLASSIFICATION
MAJOR SALIVARY GLAND
• PAROTID GLAND
• SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
• SUBLINGUAL GLAND
MINOR SALIVARY GLAND
• SEROUS GLAND
• LABIAL GLAND
• LINGUAL GLAND
• PALATINE GLAND
• GLOSSOPALATINE GLAND
QUESTION
REFERENCES

4. SALIVA
• It is a watery secretion in the mouth
produced
by the salivary glands that aids in the digestion
of food.
• It serves as an aid to swallowing and
digestion
by moistening and softening food.

5. SALIVARY GLAND
• Salivary glands are made up of secretory acini and ducts.
• The basic secretory units of salivary glands are clusters of cells called an
acini .
• There are two types of secretions - serous and mucous.
• The acini can either be serous, mucous, or a mixture of serous and mucous.

6. CLASSIFICATION
Based on size
Parotid gland
Sub mandibular gland
Sublingual gland
Major salivary glands
Serous glands
Labial and buccal
glands
Lingual glands
Palatine glands
Glossopalatine glands
Minor salivary glands

8. MAJOR
SALIVARY
GLAND

9. PAROTID GLAND

10.  Largest salivary gland
 Average weight:15g
 Purely serous gland
 Situation: below the external acoustic meatus
between the ramus of the mandible and
sternocleidomastoid
 Anteriorly overlap masseter
 Accessory parotid

11. NERVE SUPPLY
 Facial nerve enters the gland and divides into
terminal branches within the gland .

12. ARTERIES AND VEINS
 Retromandibular vein is formed within the gland by
union of superficial temporal and maxillary vein.
 Artery- external carotid artery, maxillary artery,
superficial temporal, posterior auricular artery.

13. PAROTID DUCT

14.  • The main excretory duct the
stensons duct crosses the masseter
and pierces the buccinator to open
at papilla at buccal mucosa opposite
to maxillary second molar.
 • The duct measures 4-6 mm in
length and 5 mm in diameter.
 • A small portion of parotid
accompanies duct forming accessory
gland.

15. HISTOLOGY OF PAROTID
GLAND

16.  Produces saliva that is watery and rich in enzymes
(amylase and lysozyme) and antibodies.
 Has short striated ducts and long intercalated ducts.
Development
 Appear early in 6th week of IU life
 First major salivary gland to form
 The epithelial buds of this gland are located in the
inner parts of cheek
 These buds grow towards otic placode
 Branch to form solid cords and round terminal ends near
developing facial nerve

17. SUB MANDIBULAR GLAND

18.  Second largest salivary gland. also
called submaxillary salivary gland.
 It is mixed type of gland with both
serous and mucous units but serous
units predominate.
 Superficial part: this part of gland fills
diagastric triangle.
 Deep part: It is deep to mylohyoid and
superficial to hyoglossus and
styloglossus.

19. NERVE SUPPLY
 The secretomotor pathway begins near superior
salivatory nucleus. Preganglionic fibers pass through
the sensory root of facial nerve, the geniculate
ganglion, the chordatympani and the lingual nerve to
reach submandibular ganglion.

20. BLOOD SUPPLY
 It is supplied by facial artery.
 Veins drain in to common facial or lingual
vein.
 Lymphatic drainage: • Deep cervical and
jugular group of nodes.

21. SUB MANDIBULAR DUCT

22.  Whartons duct
 5 cm long
 Emerges at the anterior end of deep part of the
gland
 Runs forwards on hyoglossus between lingual
and hypoglossal Nerve
 At the ant. Border of hyoglossus it is crossed by
lingual nerve
 Opens in the floor of mouth at the side of
frenulum of tongue

23. HISTOLOGY OF SUB MANDIBULAR GLAND

24. SUBLINGUAL GLAND

25. It is smallest of the major salivary
glands.
The sublingual gland lies between
floor of the mouth, below mucosa and
above mylohyoid muscle.
It is a mixed gland, but mucous units
predominate.

26. NERVE SUPPLY
 The nervous supply of the sublingual gland reflects that of
the submandibular gland. It occurs via the chorda tympani,
which carries fibers that originate from the facial nerve (CN
VII) and are classed as secretomotor fibers.

27. BLOOD SUPPLY
 The sublingual glands receive its primary blood supply
from the sublingual and submental arteries, which are
branches of the lingual artery and facial artery,
respectively. These arteries are both branches of the
external carotid artery.

28. SUBLINGUAL DUCT

29. It opens near
submandibular duct.
Several small ducts, ducts
of Rivinus open
independently along
sublingual fold.

30. HISTOLOGY OF SUBLINGUAL GLAND

31. Sublingual glands have mainly
mucous acini.
Mucous acini stain more weakly
than serous acini.

32. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
 Salivary glands arise from the ectoderm of the
oral cavity.
 During embryonic life salivary gland is formed
at specific location of the oral cavity through
the growth of bud of oral epithelium in to
underlying mesenchyme.
 Parotid & submandibular glands appear during
6th week of intrauterine life.
 Sublingual gland during 7-8th week of I.U life.
Minor salivary glands begin their development
during 3 rd month of I u life

33. 3 stages are seen in the development:
 1st stage: shows the development of anlage and
the development of gland with dichromatic
branched ducts.
 2nd stage: shows further differentiation of gland
and early formation of lobules and canalization of
ducts. 7th month of intrauterine life.
 3rd stage: begins at 8th embryonal month and
leads to further maturation of glands with acinar
and intercalated duct differentiation.

34. MINOR
SALIVARY
GLAND

35.  Serous Gland :Serous glands secrete serous fluid.[1]
They contain serous acini, a grouping of serous cells that
secrete serous fluid, isotonic with blood plasma, that
contains enzymes such as alpha-amylase.

36.  Labial Gland:The labial glands are minor salivary
glands situated between the mucous membrane and the
orbicularis oris around the orifice of the mouth. They
are circular in form, and about the size of small peas;
their ducts open by minute orifices upon the mucous
membrane.

37.  Lingual Gland: Anterior lingual glands (also
called apical glands) are deeply placed
seromucous glands that are located near the tip
of the tongue on each side of the frenulum
linguae.

38.  Palatine Gland: The palatine glands form a
continuous layer on the posterior surface of
the mucous membrane of the soft palate and
around the uvula. They are pure mucous
glands.

39.  Glossopalatine glands: The glands present in the
region of isthmus in the glossopalatine fold are
purely mucous gland. ... The posterior lingual
glands are purely mucous glands, but von Ebner's
glands are purely serous gland.

40. QUESTIONS

41. • Composition of
saliva

42. • PH of saliva
Saliva has a pH normal range of 6.2-7.6
with 6.7 being the average pH. Resting pH
of mouth does not fall below 6.3. In the
oral cavity, the pH is maintained near
neutrality (6.7-7.3) by saliva.

43. • Taste buds
Taste bud, small organ located on the tongue
in terrestrial vertebrates that functions in the
perception of taste.
There are five universally accepted basic tastes
that stimulate and are perceived by our taste
buds: sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami.

44. • Formation of saliva

45. REFERENCES:
 Orban's oral histology and embryology
 Wheeler's dental anatomy, physiology and
occlusion
 General anatomy vol.3 BD Chaurasiya
 www.google.com
 www.wikipidia.com

46. THANK YOU