Saftey hazards in cargo handling.pptx
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This document discusses safety hazards in cargo handling operations at petroleum terminals. It describes how risks are managed through the design, fabrication, and operation of facilities. During the operation stage, regular inspections of safety systems and strict adherence to procedures are emphasized. The document also analyzes accident statistics, finding that over 60% of accidents are caused by human failure, particularly non-compliance with safety procedures. Proper training and supervision are important to reduce human errors and improve safety.
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- 1. Saftey hazards in cargo handling operations in petroleum terminals
- 2. Introduction Objectives: 1. Describe the Hierarchy of controls as it relates to the control of Hazards towards safety. 2. Identify the risk in Petroleum handling Terminals. 3. Lesson learnt from the case studies on unsafe acts. 4. Explain the employee responsibilities regarding personal protective equipment.
- 3. Safety in Petroleum Industry … •Refineries and Petrochemical plants are highly energy- intensive •Handle highly inflammable and toxic liquids and gases. Sheer volume of fluids handled is huge •Hence, most hazardous and prone to accidents •Emergencies range from simple on-site to major off- site cases, resulting in injuries, loss of human lives and property
- 4. How are these risks managed? •Design stage - Proper selection of processes, Incorporating safety features in design of equipment and systems, Spelling out safe operating & maintenance procedures •Fabrication stage – Proper quality control procedures during fabrication, Inspection •Operation stage – Regular inspection of safety systems, no violation of safety procedures, strict implementation of work permit rules, looking for tell- tale signs to prevent accidents
- 5. How are these risks managed? •Processes – Though the reaction conditions can be hazardous, safeguards are built-in, to prevent run-away conditions, toxic gas releases in to atmosphere •Equipment – Type of equipment to contain the hazard, corrosion allowance, safe material of construction (including cladding, lining), Fixing minimum distances, Relief systems like safety valves, Rupture discs
- 6. How are these risks managed? •Systems – consisting of piping, instruments, electrical components All safety interlocks are provided to ensure safe running of the unit and safe shut-down. The most common of these are – cutting off the heat source ( heater fuel, steam ) under abnormal conditions, cutting off supply of a reactant like Hydrogen, air / Oxygen, de pressuring the system to Flare
- 7. Accident statistics … • Despite such meticulous efforts, accidents in petroleum industry continue to occur with alarming regularity • Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) has compiled and analysed all accidents that occurred in Petroleum handling companies and refineries. • As per their report, -60% are caused by Human failure -18% by Equipment failure -6% by Electrical-related incidents ●In 2011-12 also, more than 60% caused by human failure
- 8. Causes for Accident by Human ●Under Human Failure, -61% caused by non-compliance to laid- down safety procedures -14% due to fall / slippages -6% due to lack of supervision -6% due to improper inspection -6% due to lack of training