Diagnosis of Occupational Diseases.pptx
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This document discusses the diagnosis of occupational diseases. It emphasizes that a careful occupational history is essential for diagnosis, including details of current and previous jobs, exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents, ergonomic factors, and similar illnesses in co-workers. A thorough occupational history allows doctors to understand the timing of a worker's symptoms in relation to their work and evaluate the degree of exposure.
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At the end of this session, you will be able to
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2. What is the occupational environment?
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At the end of this session, you will be able to
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Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
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Lymphatic filariasis is caused by parasitic roundworms that are transmitted through mosquito bites. The worms can cause lymphatic damage and severe swelling in limbs and genitals. The disease is most commonly caused by Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi parasites and spread via Culex and Mansonia mosquito species. India's National Filaria Control Programme aims to eliminate the disease by 2015 through annual mass drug administration and management of symptoms.
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- 2. Occupational Diseases All those diseases which are arising out of or occurring in due course of employment 2
- 3. Occupational diseases • Symptomatology – Mimic common or general diseases • Progress – Unrelenting unless in the very early stage • Treatment – Not specific and/or not curative 3
- 4. Diagnosis of a disease 1. Changes in general well being (Subjective): Medical history and use of specific questionnaires (Symptomatology) 2. Changes in physical states and function of body systems (Objective): Physical examination (Signs) and laboratory examination 3. Biochemical and morphological changes: Laboratory analysis 4
- 5. Diagnosis of an occupational disease 1. Changes in general well being (Subjective): Medical history and use of specific questionnaires (Symptomatology) 2. Carefully taken detailed occupational history 3. Changes in physical states and function of body systems (Objective): Physical examination (Signs) and laboratory examination 4. Biochemical and morphological changes: Laboratory analysis 5
- 6. Bernardino Ramazzinni, 1713 • …What occupation does he follow? • …concerned with exciting causes and should be particularly kept in mind when the patient belongs to the common people. In medical practice attention is hardly ever paid to this matter though for effective treatment, evidence of this sort has the utmost weight 6
- 7. Donald Hunter, 1978 ‘No doctor can be expected to be familiar with the details of all occupations and every working environment, but at least he should take the opportunity to study those industries which fall within the area of his practice… there are few surer and quicker means of gaining a patient’s confidence than the display of an intelligent knowledge of his job. Many workers are intelligent, cooperative and good witness. Although some may be deaf, disconsolate, forgetful, obtuse, garrulous, or monosyllabic, the worker is still the best witness of what happened.’ 7
- 8. Hunter’s advice is to ‘ask whether any similar illness has occurred in a fellow workman’ 8
- 9. Present Occupation Duration, hours of work, shifts, level of responsibility, unusual job demands Chemical Agents Dust, fumes, gases and liquids Physical Agents High and low temperatures, noise, radiations, inadequate lightning Biological Agents Infected materials Ergonomic factors Machine design, seating, etc. Psychological factors Methods of payment, joint consultation, lines of communication, work satisfaction Any other health risks 9
- 10. Previous Occupations PNEUMOCONIOSIS DEATHS IN ‘END OCCUPATIONS’ IN ENGLAND AND WALES (1970/72) AT AGE 15 -74 Occupation Number of deaths Warehousemen and storekeepers 28 Stationary engine drivers 23 Clerks 11 Guards and related workers 9 Caretakers 6 Salesmen 4 10
- 11. Occupational History • Description of all pertinent jobs – past and present • Review of exposure in these jobs • Timing of symptoms in relation to work • Similar problems among co-workers • Non-work factors 11
- 12. 12 Job description/nature Hrs.of work/shift Types of hazards Past occupations Other jobs Domestic exposure Hobbies Similar illness in other workers
- 13. 13 Smoking habits Similar complaints in others Time relationship bet. Work & symptoms Degree of exposure Use of protective devices Methods of material handling