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This document discusses non-tariff barriers (NTBs) under negotiations in the Doha Round, with a focus on notifications from South Asian countries. It provides definitions and classifications of NTBs. It summarizes progress made on NTB negotiations in previous rounds and under the current Doha mandate. It outlines NTB notifications received from India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, categorizing the types of NTBs reported. It also briefly lists the main manufacturing exports from countries in South Asia.
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The document summarizes a presentation on opportunities and constraints for improved trade between the US and Africa under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). It identifies key sectors such as apparel, textiles, agribusiness and leather that show potential for growth under AGOA. Recommendations focus on attracting foreign investment, improving infrastructure and reducing corruption. Case studies of specific countries highlight steps needed to strengthen priority industries like textiles in Ghana and apparel production in Lesotho.
Russell Ides(2)
The document discusses employment data for older workers (aged 55-64) in different industries in Illinois. It provides average monthly earnings and percentages of newly hired and total older workers for each industry. The best industries for older worker employment include management companies, physicians' offices, and insurance carriers. The worst industries include amusement/recreation, food services, and personal/laundry services.
Ect 481 Session 1
This document provides an overview and introduction to a course on Internet Supply Chain Management. It includes the following key points:
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- The course will cover topics like supply chain management, e-business systems, XML, and integrating e-business with backend systems.
- Students will implement a collaborative extranet system component in team projects.
- The grading will be based on assignments, projects, exams, and class participation.
- The tentative schedule outlines discussions on supply chain management, B2B systems architecture, XML, web services and
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Ch 38 gatt & wto
The document discusses the evolution of global trade agreements from GATT to the WTO. Key points include:
1) GATT was established in 1948 to liberalize trade and became the WTO in 1995.
2) The Uruguay Round expanded the scope of trade agreements to include services, intellectual property, investment measures, and agriculture.
3) The WTO aims to lower trade barriers through principles like non-discrimination and prohibiting quotas. It also provides a forum for resolving trade disputes.
Non agriculture market_access_issues_and_concerns_for_india
A key element of the Doha Round of trade negotiations is the liberalisation of trade in industrial products, commonly known as non-agricultural market access (NAMA). Negotiations under NAMA focus on market access for all products that are not covered under the negotiations on agriculture or services and aim to reduce, if not possible to completely eliminate, tariff and non-tariff barriers (NTBs) that restrict trade in these products. The framework adopted for modalities for negotiations under NAMA, known as the ‘July Package’, envisages reduction of industrial tariffs in both developed and developing countries, according to a formula that is yet to be agreed. These negotiations are important for developing countries, as these will determine the market access opportunities available to developing countries through which they can improve their growth prospects.
As per the WTO text on NAMA of December 6, 2008, the developing countries have been asked to undertake tariff reductions of 60 - 70 per cent while the developed countries are offering a reduction of only 20 - 30 per cent based on Swiss formula for tariff reduction which gives a coefficient of 8 for developed countries and 22 on an average for developing countries. The insistence on developing countries to cut their bound tariffs in NAMA or agriculture until they go below the applied levels along with the continuation of US practice of having a bound level that is twice its actual spending on agricultural domestic subsidies has been objected by India and China.
India desires that the modalities for tariff cuts should reflect the mandate of less than full reciprocity in reduction commitments and comparability in ambition between NAMA and Agriculture.
So far as the tariff reduction is concerned, it may be mentioned that the Swiss formula should not be used for making commitments on tariff reduction as it involves the use of an arbitrary coefficient, a, which can be manipulated by member countries. Even, the simple average formula has its own limitations. For instance, it overlooks the values that are either very high or very low and thus cannot solve the problem of tariff peaks.
The simplest way is to reduce the bound levels of developed countries to 5 or 10 per cent for all tariff lines as their industries have already developed. Otherwise, the developed countries can be asked to bring their bound tariff rates to 5 to 8 per cent for those tariff lines that cover at least 98 per cent of the potential exports, and not the actual exports as that may be lower because of existing high import tariff or domestic support in importing country, of developing countries to developed countries. This potential of exports for developing countries can be calculated through revealed comparative advantage or by matching the developing countries exports and developed countries imports at different commodity classification levels.
MODULE II Business Environment.pptx
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Recsa final ppt6
Non-tariff barriers (NTBs) present major challenges for increasing intra-regional trade in South Asia under the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA). NTBs include technical barriers to trade, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, import policies, and standards, testing, labeling, and certification requirements. South Asian countries apply various NTBs, with India maintaining an import licensing system and complex customs procedures, and Pakistan and Sri Lanka applying tariffs and import taxes. Removing NTBs will be essential for SAFTA's success in enhancing regional trade.
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The document provides an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its impact on Pakistan. It discusses the history and establishment of the WTO, its principles of non-discrimination and trade liberalization. Key WTO agreements covering goods, services, intellectual property and disputes are examined. The document also analyzes Pakistan's industrial sectors and trade patterns before and after joining the WTO, finding that average tariff rates declined but exports remained stagnant at 28% of GDP. Several industries face challenges from trade liberalization under WTO rules.
An Introduction to Non-Tariff Barriers and WTO Rules
This is a lecture that I recently gave at the Ministry of Trade in Indonesia to kick off a series of lectures I will perform there over the final months of 2013 on NTBs and what Indonesia can do about them
BIS-TBT presentation-CII-11-9-08.ppt
This document discusses key principles of the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement), including transparency requirements. It explains that the TBT Agreement allows countries to adopt technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures as long as they do not act as unnecessary barriers to trade or are discriminatory. Transparency provisions in the TBT Agreement require notifying other WTO members of proposed regulations and conformity assessment procedures, establishing enquiry points to provide information to other members, and allowing time for comments from other members.
Trade and Global links
The document discusses various topics related to international trade and global links for Bangladesh, including:
- Bangladesh's initial trade regime focused on import substitution to encourage domestic industrialization.
- The evolution of the global trade regime from a period of free trade in the 19th century to rising protectionism prior to World War 2 and the establishment of institutions like the GATT and WTO to promote trade liberalization.
- Key features of the GATT/WTO system including reciprocity, non-discrimination, liberalizing trade through successive negotiation rounds, and provisions for developing countries.
- Bangladesh's trade policies in the 2000s including rules/regulations, tariffs and other instruments, and relevant institutions
WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION (WTO)
The document provides an overview of the history and structure of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the agreements it oversees, including the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It discusses how GATT established principles like most-favored nation status and national treatment to reduce trade barriers. It also describes the creation of the WTO in 1995 and key agreements on goods, services, intellectual property, agriculture, and dispute settlement. The document outlines the ongoing Doha Round negotiations and challenges in reaching agreements.
· Read the overview for Module 4· From the textbook, Internation.docx
· Read the overview for Module 4
· From the textbook, International business law and its environment, read the following chapters:
· National Lawmaking Powers and the Regulation of U.S. Trade
· GATT Law and the World Trade Organization: Basic Principles
· Law Governing Access to Foreign Markets
· From the Argosy University online library resources, read:
· Desai, M., Foley, C., & Hines Jr., J. (2004, December). Foreign direct investment in a world of multiple taxes.Journal of Public Economics, 88(12), 2727–2744. (LIRN Article A152498641)
· Gunter, H. (2006). Global expansion plans broaden horizons. Hotel & Motel Management, 221(18), 1–49. Retrieved from EBSCO database http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=22746846&site=ehost-live
· International growth. (2009). Franchising World, 41(2), 93. Retrieved from EBSCO databasehttp://libproxy.edmc.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=36530783&site=ehost-live
Growth in International Markets
Can managers afford to be conservative when taking decisions related to potential growth prospects?
After a company has successfully entered a foreign market, it may decide to continue to grow. Decisions to invest further can become easier to make based on the company’s experience in that market.
In early 2009, the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC), Europe’s largest bank, announced that it was retreating from its expansion plans in the U.S. HSBC had recorded a $16 billion bad-debt loss in 2008. The loss was from an acquisition that initially cost the bank $14.8 billion. HSBC also had an additional $10 billion write-down on goodwill from its acquisition. The decision was primarily influenced by the eroding U.S. real estate market and a decline in the lending portfolio value of Household Financial, a six-year-old acquisition. Federal policies and regulations such as reduced interest rates, increased money supply, and Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP) funds were contributing factors.
Raising capital, finding labor, and leveraging existing distribution channels all play a part in the decision to grow further. However, growth in international markets continues to be a challenge despite any circumstances.
Module 4 Overview (2 of 2)
Growth in International Markets
This module will cover the risks associated with growth in international markets.
You will compare the risks of further expansion in an existing market with the risks of expanding into a new market. In your assignment, you will also investigate economic incentives offered to companies that plan on investing. You will also look at the various regulatory issues companies need to take into account prior to further expansion.
CHAPTER 10: Laws Governing Access to Foreign Markets
Left to their own devices, the natural inclination of most nations is to protect their domestic industrial and agricultural base from foreign competition. National governments are easily tempted by t.
World Trade Organization- Brief Overview
How and WHY GATT changed to WTO ?
What are the various functions & objectives of WTO.
Some of the key characteristics of WTO Agreements
From India's Perspective- Advantages & Disadvantages
What is gatt
The document discusses the establishment and evolution of international trade organizations and agreements from 1944 onwards. It provides details about the establishment of IMF, World Bank, ITO and GATT in the 1940s and discusses the objectives and principles of GATT. It then summarizes the key outcomes and achievements of GATT as well as exceptions. Finally, it outlines the establishment of WTO in 1995 and highlights some important features of the Uruguay Round agreements related to trade in goods, services, intellectual property rights, agriculture etc.
International Business Dynamics by Nagarjun Reddy module 3
The document discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO), regional trade blocks, and India's adoption of liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG) policies. It provides background on the WTO, including that it was established in 1995 and provides a framework for global trade rules. It also describes regional trade blocks and strategic alliances between countries. In addition, it outlines India's LPG policies introduced in 1991 to liberalize and open its economy, including the goals, components (liberalization, privatization, globalization), impacts, and examples of privatization in India.
WtO, GATT - Trade (Subin Aryal).pptx
This document discusses the evolution of GATT and WTO and their significance for Nepal's economic growth and international trade. It provides the following key points:
- GATT was established in 1947 as a temporary rule-based system for international trade until the International Trade Organization was formed. It was replaced by the WTO in 1995.
- Nepal applied for GATT membership in 1989 and became a WTO member in 2004, allowing it to benefit from more predictable market access, special treatment as an LDC, and dispute settlement procedures.
- WTO membership provides opportunities for Nepal such as increased investment, industrialization through secured market access, transit rights, policy stability, and attracting foreign direct investment through a predictable
Provisions of wto favouring developed nations
The document discusses how some WTO provisions favor developed nations over developing countries. Specifically:
1. TRIPS, TRIMS, and GATS provisions strengthen intellectual property protections, limit investment restrictions, and push for services liberalization in ways that benefit foreign corporations over developing economies.
2. Developed countries face fewer restrictions on subsidies and market access than developing countries under these agreements.
3. India has concerns that some developed countries have not fully met obligations while pushing India to rapidly open its markets and reduce tariffs. This negatively impacts farmers and domestic industries.
4. Reforms are needed to make international institutions like the WTO work better for poor and developing nations not just industrialized countries.
World Trade Organisation and Case Studies
World Trade Organization - functions, principles and trade agreements
Case Studies include USA vs Mexico (Tuna), USA vs ASIA (Shrimp) and USA vs EU (Poultry)
ppt on WTO
The document provides an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO). It discusses that the WTO was established in 1995 as the successor to GATT and is based in Geneva. The WTO aims to liberalize trade through agreements covering goods, services, and intellectual property. These agreements require transparency and set procedures for resolving disputes between members. The WTO works to promote open trade for the benefit of all members, including developing countries. It has over 150 member countries representing over 97% of global trade.
WTO.pptx
1. whether the Bank of Ethiopia had been dissolved or had otherwise ceased to exist, and if not, whether it had authorised the bringing of the action.
Decision: It was held that The Bank of Ethiopia had been dissolved by the Italian decree it had the authority to bring such action.
Reasoning: The government of Italy was a de facto government in entire control of the territory occupied and therefore having complete governmental control over that territory. sefei f dofi3e8 edfhe8f fe9f djfhe 9 efej9 4 odifmc xsie.A lawyer needs to research and try various strategy to get the best outcome for his client which can be different than a general explanation of the law. Therefore, it is advised to get an experienced lawyer if there is any specific problem to deal with, you can also Advocate Rayhanul Islam is the founder and Editor in Chief of Law Help BD. He is also a researcher. Critical thinking is his main focus. He is on a quest to bring positive change to the legal sector of Bangladesh. He promotes legal knowledge and human rights concept to the root level.
The world trade organization (wto)
The document discusses the World Trade Organization (WTO). It provides information on the formation of the WTO including that it was established in 1995 and replaced the GATT. The objectives of the WTO are to liberalize trade, promote world trade, ensure benefits for developing countries, increase competitiveness and employment, and establish rules for an open trading system. It has 153 member countries and agreements cover goods, services, intellectual property, and dispute settlement.
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一比一原版(lbs毕业证书)英国伦敦商学院毕业证如何办理
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颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
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[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Unlock the full potential of the MECE (Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive) Principle with this comprehensive PowerPoint deck. Designed to enhance your analytical skills and strategic decision-making, this presentation guides you through the fundamental concepts, advanced techniques, and practical applications of the MECE framework, ensuring you can apply it effectively in various business contexts.
The MECE Principle, developed by Barbara Minto, an ex-consultant at McKinsey, is a foundational tool for structured thinking. Minto is also renowned for the Minto Pyramid Principle, which emphasizes the importance of logical structuring in writing and presenting ideas. This presentation includes a clear explanation of the MECE principle and its significance. It offers a detailed exploration of MECE concepts and categories, highlighting how to create mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive segments. You will learn to combine MECE with other powerful business frameworks like SWOT, Porter's Five Forces, and BCG Matrix. Discover sophisticated methods for applying MECE in complex scenarios and enhancing your problem-solving abilities. The deck also provides a step-by-step guide to performing thorough and structured MECE analyses, ensuring no aspect is overlooked. Insider tips are included to help you avoid common mistakes and optimize your MECE applications.
The presentation features illustrative examples from various industries to show MECE in action, providing practical insights and inspiration. It includes engaging group activities designed for the practice of the MECE principle, fostering collaborative learning and application. Key takeaways and success factors for mastering the MECE principle and applying it in your professional work are also covered.
The MECE Principle presentation is meticulously designed to provide you with all the tools and knowledge you need to master the MECE principle. Whether you're a business analyst, manager, or strategist, this presentation will empower you to deliver insightful and actionable analysis, drive better decision-making, and achieve outstanding results.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Understand the MECE Principle
2. Improve Analytical Skills
3. Apply MECE Framework
4. Enhance Decision-Making
5. Optimize Resource Allocation
6. Facilitate Strategic Planning
Unlocking WhatsApp Marketing with HubSpot: Integrating Messaging into Your Ma...
50 million companies worldwide leverage WhatsApp as a key marketing channel. You may have considered adding it to your marketing mix, or probably already driving impressive conversions with WhatsApp.
But wait. What happens when you fully integrate your WhatsApp campaigns with HubSpot?
That's exactly what we explored in this session.
We take a look at everything that you need to know in order to deploy effective WhatsApp marketing strategies, and integrate it with your buyer journey in HubSpot. From technical requirements to innovative campaign strategies, to advanced campaign reporting - we discuss all that and more, to leverage WhatsApp for maximum impact. Check out more details about the event here https://events.hubspot.com/events/details/hubspot-new-delhi-presents-unlocking-whatsapp-marketing-with-hubspot-integrating-messaging-into-your-marketing-strategy/
Kanban Coaching Exchange with Dave White - Example SDR Report
Slides from the June 2024 Kanban Coaching Exchange with Dave White. He talked about the Service Delivery Review.
Pro Tips for Effortless Contract Management
Tired of chasing down expiring contracts and drowning in paperwork? Mastering contract management can significantly enhance your business efficiency and productivity. This guide unveils expert secrets to streamline your contract management process. Learn how to save time, minimize risk, and achieve effortless contract management.
AI Transformation Playbook: Thinking AI-First for Your Business
I dive into how businesses can stay competitive by integrating AI into their core processes. From identifying the right approach to building collaborative teams and recognizing common pitfalls, this guide has got you covered. AI transformation is a journey, and this playbook is here to help you navigate it successfully.
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japanese language course in delhi near me
Next is the Nihon Language Academy in East Delhi, renowned for its comprehensive curriculum and interactive teaching methods. They boast a faculty of experienced educators with a blend of both Indian and Japanese nationals. The academy provides extensive support for JLPT exam preparation along with personalized tutoring sessions if needed. Nihon Language Academy also arranges exchange programs with partner institutes in Japan, which provides students an opportunity to experience Japanese culture and language first-hand.
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Stainless Steel Conveyor Manufacturers Chennai
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Enabling Digital Sustainability by Jutta Eckstein
This is a New Zealand wide meetup event with meetup groups from Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch attending and open to anyone with an interest in digital sustainability or agile. All welcome. Joke, this is how it started. Jutta is now also available in Germany, i.e. hosted by Berlin/Brandenburg
According to the World Economic Forum, digital technologies can help reduce global carbon emissions by up to 15%. However, digitalization also comes with some challenges. Thus, if we want to make a positive impact by increasing sustainability, we need to address challenges like the digital divide, energy consumption of IT, or the rise of electronic waste. In this talk, I want to explore how Agile can help to leverage Digital Sustainability.
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Safit2 Rm 5
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