A just culture promotes safety by encouraging the sharing of safety information without threat of punishment. It distinguishes between acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Managers share information freely and understand factors influencing safety. A just culture is flexible, questioning, resistant to complacency, and committed to accountability and self-regulation. Unsafe acts are seen as opportunities to improve through learning lessons. Maintaining a just culture requires complying with rules, as well as coaching, recognizing, communicating and caring about safety.