This document describes the stages of construction for a cantilever pile retaining wall. Stage 1 involves excavating to a depth of 5 meters on one side of the wall. Soil properties, borehole data, wall and surcharge details are provided. Calculations are presented for earth pressures on the wall at various stages, structural forces, and durability. Diagrams show the wall configuration and results of analyses.
Sachpazis_Circular Section Column Design & Analysis, Calculations according t...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document contains calculations for the design of a circular reinforced concrete column according to Eurocode standards. It includes the design of the column for various load cases including tension/compression, biaxial bending with axial load, shear and torsion. The calculations determine the required reinforcement area, reinforcement ratios, load capacities, and other design parameters. The document provides the section properties, material strengths, load details and multi-page results of the column design analysis and checks.
Sachpazis verification of the ultimate punching shear resistance to ec2 1992 ...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document verifies the ultimate punching shear resistance of a structural element according to Eurocode 2. It contains calculations of punching shear stress and resistance for different zones, including the zone adjacent to the support, zone with punching shear reinforcement, and external zone. It checks various design values and requirements regarding punching shear reinforcement spacing, perimeter dimensions, and stress versus resistance criteria. The goal is to verify the punching shear capacity based on the code-specified design method and limit states.
Sachpazis Foundation Pad with Two Columns Analysis & Design According to EC2 ...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides analysis and design calculations for the foundation of a pad supporting two columns according to Eurocode standards. It includes details of the foundation geometry and applied loads, as well as soil properties and calculations of bearing capacity, settlement, sliding resistance, and overturning to check if code requirements are satisfied. Diagrams and input parameters are provided over 13 pages of calculations and output.
Masonry Wall Panel Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1996-1-1:2005Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Masonry Wall Panel Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1996-1-1:2005 + A1:2012 incorporating Corrigenda
February 2006 and July 2009 and the UK national annex.
This document describes the stages of construction for a cantilever pile retaining wall. Stage 1 involves excavating to a depth of 5 meters on one side of the wall. Soil properties, borehole data, wall and surcharge details are provided. Calculations are presented for earth pressures on the wall at various stages, structural forces, and durability. Diagrams show the wall configuration and results of analyses.
Sachpazis_Circular Section Column Design & Analysis, Calculations according t...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document contains calculations for the design of a circular reinforced concrete column according to Eurocode standards. It includes the design of the column for various load cases including tension/compression, biaxial bending with axial load, shear and torsion. The calculations determine the required reinforcement area, reinforcement ratios, load capacities, and other design parameters. The document provides the section properties, material strengths, load details and multi-page results of the column design analysis and checks.
Sachpazis verification of the ultimate punching shear resistance to ec2 1992 ...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document verifies the ultimate punching shear resistance of a structural element according to Eurocode 2. It contains calculations of punching shear stress and resistance for different zones, including the zone adjacent to the support, zone with punching shear reinforcement, and external zone. It checks various design values and requirements regarding punching shear reinforcement spacing, perimeter dimensions, and stress versus resistance criteria. The goal is to verify the punching shear capacity based on the code-specified design method and limit states.
Sachpazis Foundation Pad with Two Columns Analysis & Design According to EC2 ...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides analysis and design calculations for the foundation of a pad supporting two columns according to Eurocode standards. It includes details of the foundation geometry and applied loads, as well as soil properties and calculations of bearing capacity, settlement, sliding resistance, and overturning to check if code requirements are satisfied. Diagrams and input parameters are provided over 13 pages of calculations and output.
Masonry Wall Panel Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1996-1-1:2005Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Masonry Wall Panel Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1996-1-1:2005 + A1:2012 incorporating Corrigenda
February 2006 and July 2009 and the UK national annex.
Sachpazis_Wind Loading (EN1991-1-4) for a Duopitch roof example_Apr-2017Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides a wind loading analysis and design for a duopitch roof according to EN1991-1-4. It includes:
1) Details of the building such as dimensions, roof pitch, and height.
2) Calculation of basic wind values such as velocity and pressure according to the standard.
3) Analysis of wind pressures on different zones of the roof and walls for two wind directions.
4) Calculation of net forces and overall loading on the structure for design.
The analysis determines the peak wind velocities and pressures on the roof and wall elements, accounts for internal pressures, and calculates the net forces and overall design wind load for the structure.
Sachpazis: Wind Loading Analysis & Design for a Hipped Roof Example According...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides calculations for wind loading analysis and design of a hipped roof building according to Eurocode standards. It includes details of the building geometry, wind speed calculations, velocity pressure calculations for different zones of the roof and walls, and resulting net forces and pressures on the structure for two different wind directions. The summary provides essential information on the purpose, methodology, and key results of the wind loading analysis.
This document describes the analysis and design of a reinforced masonry retaining wall. It provides details of the wall geometry, soil properties, and loading conditions. Calculations are shown for the wall dimensions, force distributions, and safety checks against sliding and overturning. The factor of safety against sliding is calculated to be 1.738, indicating the wall design is sufficient.
Sachpazis masonry column with eccentric vertical and wind loading in accordan...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a clay masonry column according to Eurocode standards. It provides details of the column geometry, material properties, loads, and calculations to check the column's capacity against bending moments. The column passes all checks for strength and stability.
Sachpazis Cantilever Retaining Wall, In accordance to IBC 2012 and ASCE 7-10 ...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
The document provides design details and load calculations for a cantilever retaining wall. It includes material properties, wall geometry, reinforcement details, load combinations, soil parameters, and check summaries. Stability, toe, heel, stem, and reinforcement checks are presented to verify design requirements are met based on the 2012 International Building Code and ASCE 7-10 standards.
This document provides an analysis and design of a gabion retaining wall according to BS8002:1994. It includes the geometry of the 3-tier gabion wall, calculations of forces, and checks for overturning stability, sliding stability, and bearing pressure. The analysis finds the wall design satisfies minimum safety factors of 2.0 for overturning, 1.5 for sliding, and the bearing pressure is less than the allowable soil pressure. A separate analysis is provided for stability between the 2nd and 3rd tiers.
Sachpazis: Strip Foundation Analysis and Design example (EN1997-1:2004)Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Strip Foundation Analysis and Design example, in accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values
Sachpazis_CHS Column base plate to EC3 1993-1 with NA CENDr.Costas Sachpazis
GEODOMISI Ltd. is a civil and geotechnical engineering consulting company specializing in structural engineering, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, foundation engineering, and retaining structures. The document provides details of a column base plate analysis and design for a CHS column in accordance with Eurocode standards, including the column and base plate dimensions and materials, applied loads, concrete foundation details, and calculations checking the bearing capacity, frictional resistance, and weld strength. The analysis confirms the base plate design is adequate to resist the applied loads with sufficient bearing area, frictional resistance, and weld strength.
Sachpazis: Wind loading to EN 1991 1-4- for a hipped roof exampleDr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides an example calculation of wind loading on a hipped roof structure according to Eurocode 1991-1-4. It includes details of the building geometry, terrain conditions, and calculation of peak velocity pressures and net pressures on different zones of the roof and walls. The results are tabulated forces on the roof and walls for two different wind directions. The overall net windward force on the structure is also calculated considering lack of correlation between windward and leeward pressures.
Sachpazis: Reinforced Concrete Beam Analysis & Design Example (EN1992-1-3)Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides details for the analysis and design of a reinforced concrete beam according to Eurocode 2 (EN1992-1). It includes the beam geometry, material properties, applied loads and load combinations, analysis results for shear and bending moment, and design checks for flexure, shear, and crack control. The beam has three spans supported by A, B, and C and is designed as a rectangular section with 4 top and 2 bottom bars. Design checks are provided for the critical cross sections at supports A and the maximum shear location.
Sachpazis_Trapezoid Foundation Analysis & Design. Calculation according to EN...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
The document summarizes the calculation of foundations and reinforcement for a trapezoidal pad foundation supporting a column. Soil properties, foundation geometry, loads, and limit states are defined. Calculations are presented for bearing capacity, sliding resistance, uplift, bending moments, required reinforcement, and punching shear. The foundation dimensions were optimized, resulting in a wider and longer foundation with increased depths. All limit states checks passed requirements.
Sachpazis RC Slab Analysis and Design in accordance with EN 1992 1-1 2004-Two...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
- GEODOMISI Ltd is a civil and geotechnical engineering consulting company located in Greece.
- The document provides details on the analysis and design of a reinforced concrete slab according to Eurocode standards, including slab dimensions, material properties, loading, and reinforcement design calculations at various locations.
- The reinforcement designs at midspan and supports in both span directions meet code requirements for area of steel and bar spacing.
Retaining walls are structures designed to hold back earth and materials from sliding and are used when there is a need to hold earth or other materials in a vertical position. There are different types of retaining walls including gravity, cantilever, counterfort, buttress, basement/foundation walls, and bridge abutments. Stability is analyzed using various methods such as the method of slices, Bishop's method, Sarma method, and Lorimer's method. Reinforced earth uses geosynthetic materials like geogrids and geocells to reinforce soil and is commonly used in retaining walls.
This document provides problems and examples related to detailing of beams and slabs in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses concepts like continuous beams, cantilever beams, flanged beams, one-way slabs, and two-way slabs. Seven problems are presented involving drawing the longitudinal section and cross sections of beams and slabs and showing reinforcement details. The document concludes with two problems for the reader to solve involving preparing bar bending schedules and estimating quantities of steel and concrete.
Sachpazis_Wind Loading (EN1991-1-4) for a Duopitch roof example_Apr-2017Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides a wind loading analysis and design for a duopitch roof according to EN1991-1-4. It includes:
1) Details of the building such as dimensions, roof pitch, and height.
2) Calculation of basic wind values such as velocity and pressure according to the standard.
3) Analysis of wind pressures on different zones of the roof and walls for two wind directions.
4) Calculation of net forces and overall loading on the structure for design.
The analysis determines the peak wind velocities and pressures on the roof and wall elements, accounts for internal pressures, and calculates the net forces and overall design wind load for the structure.
Sachpazis: Wind Loading Analysis & Design for a Hipped Roof Example According...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides calculations for wind loading analysis and design of a hipped roof building according to Eurocode standards. It includes details of the building geometry, wind speed calculations, velocity pressure calculations for different zones of the roof and walls, and resulting net forces and pressures on the structure for two different wind directions. The summary provides essential information on the purpose, methodology, and key results of the wind loading analysis.
This document describes the analysis and design of a reinforced masonry retaining wall. It provides details of the wall geometry, soil properties, and loading conditions. Calculations are shown for the wall dimensions, force distributions, and safety checks against sliding and overturning. The factor of safety against sliding is calculated to be 1.738, indicating the wall design is sufficient.
Sachpazis masonry column with eccentric vertical and wind loading in accordan...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document summarizes the analysis and design of a clay masonry column according to Eurocode standards. It provides details of the column geometry, material properties, loads, and calculations to check the column's capacity against bending moments. The column passes all checks for strength and stability.
Sachpazis Cantilever Retaining Wall, In accordance to IBC 2012 and ASCE 7-10 ...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
The document provides design details and load calculations for a cantilever retaining wall. It includes material properties, wall geometry, reinforcement details, load combinations, soil parameters, and check summaries. Stability, toe, heel, stem, and reinforcement checks are presented to verify design requirements are met based on the 2012 International Building Code and ASCE 7-10 standards.
This document provides an analysis and design of a gabion retaining wall according to BS8002:1994. It includes the geometry of the 3-tier gabion wall, calculations of forces, and checks for overturning stability, sliding stability, and bearing pressure. The analysis finds the wall design satisfies minimum safety factors of 2.0 for overturning, 1.5 for sliding, and the bearing pressure is less than the allowable soil pressure. A separate analysis is provided for stability between the 2nd and 3rd tiers.
Sachpazis: Strip Foundation Analysis and Design example (EN1997-1:2004)Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Strip Foundation Analysis and Design example, in accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values
Sachpazis_CHS Column base plate to EC3 1993-1 with NA CENDr.Costas Sachpazis
GEODOMISI Ltd. is a civil and geotechnical engineering consulting company specializing in structural engineering, soil mechanics, rock mechanics, foundation engineering, and retaining structures. The document provides details of a column base plate analysis and design for a CHS column in accordance with Eurocode standards, including the column and base plate dimensions and materials, applied loads, concrete foundation details, and calculations checking the bearing capacity, frictional resistance, and weld strength. The analysis confirms the base plate design is adequate to resist the applied loads with sufficient bearing area, frictional resistance, and weld strength.
Sachpazis: Wind loading to EN 1991 1-4- for a hipped roof exampleDr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides an example calculation of wind loading on a hipped roof structure according to Eurocode 1991-1-4. It includes details of the building geometry, terrain conditions, and calculation of peak velocity pressures and net pressures on different zones of the roof and walls. The results are tabulated forces on the roof and walls for two different wind directions. The overall net windward force on the structure is also calculated considering lack of correlation between windward and leeward pressures.
Sachpazis: Reinforced Concrete Beam Analysis & Design Example (EN1992-1-3)Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides details for the analysis and design of a reinforced concrete beam according to Eurocode 2 (EN1992-1). It includes the beam geometry, material properties, applied loads and load combinations, analysis results for shear and bending moment, and design checks for flexure, shear, and crack control. The beam has three spans supported by A, B, and C and is designed as a rectangular section with 4 top and 2 bottom bars. Design checks are provided for the critical cross sections at supports A and the maximum shear location.
Sachpazis_Trapezoid Foundation Analysis & Design. Calculation according to EN...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
The document summarizes the calculation of foundations and reinforcement for a trapezoidal pad foundation supporting a column. Soil properties, foundation geometry, loads, and limit states are defined. Calculations are presented for bearing capacity, sliding resistance, uplift, bending moments, required reinforcement, and punching shear. The foundation dimensions were optimized, resulting in a wider and longer foundation with increased depths. All limit states checks passed requirements.
Sachpazis RC Slab Analysis and Design in accordance with EN 1992 1-1 2004-Two...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
- GEODOMISI Ltd is a civil and geotechnical engineering consulting company located in Greece.
- The document provides details on the analysis and design of a reinforced concrete slab according to Eurocode standards, including slab dimensions, material properties, loading, and reinforcement design calculations at various locations.
- The reinforcement designs at midspan and supports in both span directions meet code requirements for area of steel and bar spacing.
Retaining walls are structures designed to hold back earth and materials from sliding and are used when there is a need to hold earth or other materials in a vertical position. There are different types of retaining walls including gravity, cantilever, counterfort, buttress, basement/foundation walls, and bridge abutments. Stability is analyzed using various methods such as the method of slices, Bishop's method, Sarma method, and Lorimer's method. Reinforced earth uses geosynthetic materials like geogrids and geocells to reinforce soil and is commonly used in retaining walls.
This document provides problems and examples related to detailing of beams and slabs in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses concepts like continuous beams, cantilever beams, flanged beams, one-way slabs, and two-way slabs. Seven problems are presented involving drawing the longitudinal section and cross sections of beams and slabs and showing reinforcement details. The document concludes with two problems for the reader to solve involving preparing bar bending schedules and estimating quantities of steel and concrete.
This document provides an overview of structural concrete design and structural systems for reinforced concrete buildings. It discusses the basic functions of building structural systems to support gravity and lateral loads. It also describes various types of loads and reinforced concrete structural systems, including different types of floor systems like flat plate, flat slab, and joist systems. Finally, it discusses common reinforced concrete structural members like beams, columns, slabs/plates, and walls/diaphragms.
The document describes the planning, analysis, design and detailing of an auditorium building by four civil engineering students. Key aspects include:
1. Designing the auditorium structure using software like STAAD.Pro and AutoCAD, including steel roof trusses, RCC columns, beams, slabs and foundations.
2. Considering acoustics for proper seating layout and design.
3. Analyzing the structure and designing elements like the roof truss, columns, beams, foundation according to codes.
4. Detailing the structural drawings and schedules for construction.
Retaining walls are designed to retain soil at an angle greater than its natural slope, usually in a near-vertical position. They work by either their own mass or through leverage to prevent overturning, sliding, or soil overload. Design considerations include the subsoil type and water table level, as they can impact bearing capacity and hydrostatic pressure. Common wall types are gravity, cantilever, counterfort, precast concrete, and precast crib walls. Proper design is needed to ensure stability based on the wall height, materials, and subsurface conditions.
This presentation summarizes the key aspects of one-way slab design. It defines one-way slabs as having an aspect ratio of 2:1 or greater, with bending primarily along the long axis. The presentation discusses the types of one-way slabs including solid, hollow, and ribbed. It also outlines the design considerations for one-way slabs according to the ACI code, including minimum thickness, reinforcement ratios, and bar spacing. An example problem demonstrates how to design a one-way slab for a given set of loading and dimensional conditions.
basic structural system in architectureshahul130103
This document discusses different structural systems including wall slab, post-lintel, and post slab. It provides details on the basic structural elements of slabs, walls, beams, and columns. For each structural system, it describes the load transfer method, structural members, openings allowed, spans, positioning of stairs, punching, cantilevers, and materials used. Examples of each system are given along with discussions of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Case studies of specific buildings demonstrating wall slab structures are also included.
Sachpazis: Raft Foundation Analysis and Design for a two Storey House Project...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides an analysis and design of a raft foundation for a two-story house project. It includes definitions of the soil properties, raft slab geometry, reinforcement, and other structural elements. Calculations are shown for checks of internal slab bearing pressure, bending moments, shear forces, and reinforcement requirements in accordance with relevant code standards. The analysis confirms that the applied bearing pressure is less than the allowable soil pressure and that the provided reinforcement is adequate.
Leadership Alliance National Symposium PresentationMiguel Frias
This document summarizes a student project that evaluated different technologies for measuring lateral earth pressures during centrifuge testing to simulate soil-structure interaction near buried water reservoir structures during earthquakes. The objectives were to evaluate strain gauges for measuring bending moments on a retaining wall and pressure sensors for measuring total pressure distributed along the wall. Modifications were made to the centrifuge box and various sensors were installed. Additional tests measured the properties of the backfill soil, including sieve analysis, specific gravity, and pluviation density at different depths to prepare for centrifugation. The next steps involve spinning the centrifuge and analyzing the final results.
Masonry column with eccentric vertical loading Analysis & Design, in accordance with EN1996-1-1:2005 incorporating corrigenda February 2006 and July 2009 and the recommended values.
Pocket reinforced masonry Retaining Wall Analysis & Design, In accordance with EN1997-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum dated February 2009 and the recommended values
Underground expansion of Drents Museum-005Marco Peters
This document summarizes the use of PLAXIS software to model an underground expansion project for the Drents Museum involving two excavations. Prediction and postdiction analyses using PLAXIS 2D were conducted to analyze displacements of surrounding buildings during excavation and verify the retaining wall designs. The soil mix wall and jet grout walls used for retaining the excavations were modeled, accounting for construction staging. Measured displacement data generally agreed with PLAXIS predictions of less than 10mm of vertical foundation movement.
This document provides an analysis of the pile bearing capacity for a new steam boiler project in Aspropyrgos Industrial Complex, Greece. It includes:
1) A description of the project, soil parameters, pile geometry, loads, and groundwater conditions.
2) An analysis of the ultimate load transfer curve and maximum internal forces and deformations for a single pile.
3) A verification that the designed pile reinforcement is satisfactory to support the calculated loads and moments.
Ground improvement techniques are used to strengthen weak soils and improve the performance of structures. The document discusses several techniques:
Consolidation techniques like prefabricated vertical drains and vacuum consolidation accelerate drainage and reduce voids in soil. Inclusion techniques like vibro stone columns and soil-cement mixing introduce elements to reinforce soil. Compaction techniques like vibro compaction and dynamic compaction densify soil. Selection of a technique depends on soil type, project needs, and costs. The document provides examples of applying techniques for liquefaction mitigation, infrastructure projects, and describes Bauer's vibro equipment and quality control methods.
This document provides a summary of the review and analysis conducted for the Blakely Mountain Dam located in Arkansas. Key points include:
1) The dam is 1200 feet long and 230 feet high and was constructed between 1950-1952 for flood control and hydropower.
2) Analyses included seepage flow using flow nets and PLAXIS, slope stability using circular arc and PLAXIS methods, and settlement analysis using 1D and parabolic equations.
3) The dam was found to be stable under steady state seepage, rapid drawdown, and after construction conditions based on factor of safety calculations.
4) A test fill was conducted to determine suitable compaction methods
This document contains the results of a CPTU (cone penetration test with pore pressure measurement) conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. The test reached a total depth of 7.61 meters below ground surface and measured properties such as cone resistance, pore pressure, and sleeve friction over the depth. The data is presented in graphs and used to classify the soil types encountered based on standard soil behavior type charts.
Single pile analysis & design, l=18,00m d=1,10m, by C.SachpazisDr.Costas Sachpazis
This document provides input data and analysis for the design of a single pile with a length of 18 meters and diameter of 1.1 meters. It includes soil parameters, load assumptions, and analysis of the pile's vertical and horizontal bearing capacity. The analysis found the pile has adequate bearing capacity for the applied loads with a maximum settlement of 3.2 mm under the service load condition.
The document summarizes the design of a surface water drain. It provides details of the design flow rate, length and fall of the drain. Using the Chezy, Escritt and Colebrook-White equations, it calculates the minimum pipe diameter as 900mm to accommodate the design flow rate of 5 cubic meters per second with a flow velocity greater than 0.75 meters per second.
The Rion Antirion bridge in Greece connects the Peloponnese peninsula to the mainland across the Gulf of Corinth. Its foundations had to withstand severe environmental conditions including weak soils, earthquakes up to magnitude 7.0, and long-term tectonic movements. The innovative foundation concept adopted reinforced the natural ground with steel tubular piles and included a gravel layer between the piles and foundation raft. This provided capacity to resist the large seismic forces while minimizing differential settlement hazards. Extensive site investigations characterized the poor soil properties to ensure compatible design of seismic demand and foundation capacity.
DSD-NL 2014 - iMOD Symposium - 10. iMOD Gebruikersdag - Bodemdaling, Gilles E...Deltares
Land subsidence can be caused by both natural geological processes and human activities like groundwater extraction. Groundwater extraction is a major cause of subsidence in cities like Jakarta, where monitoring shows subsidence rates of up to 17.3 cm per year between 1925-1977. Subsidence impacts flooding and damages infrastructure. Deltares uses coupled modeling of subsurface geology, groundwater flow and geomechanics to better understand subsidence causes, forecast future impacts, and identify solutions. Their iMOD SUB-CR model has provided insights into different scenarios for Jakarta based on groundwater extraction rates. Future work includes applying this approach to other cities to inform policy decisions.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Seismic Hazard Assessment Software in Python by Prof. Dr. Costas SachpazisDr.Costas Sachpazis
This simple Python software is designed to assist Civil and Geotechnical Engineers in performing site-specific seismic hazard assessments. The program calculates the seismic response spectrum based on user-provided geotechnical and seismic parameters, generating a comprehensive technical report that includes the response spectrum data and figures. The analysis adheres to Eurocode 8 and the Greek Annex, ensuring compliance with international standards for earthquake-resistant design.
Structural Analysis and Design of Foundations: A Comprehensive Handbook for S...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Structural Analysis and Design of Foundations: A Comprehensive Handbook for Students and Professionals.
Unlock the potential of foundation design with Dr. Costas Sachpazis’s enlightening handbook, a meticulously crafted guide poised to become an indispensable resource for both budding and seasoned civil engineers. This comprehensive manual illuminates the theoretical and practical aspects of structural analysis and design across various types of foundations and retaining walls.
Within these pages, Dr. Sachpazis distills complex engineering principles into digestible, step-by-step processes, enhanced by detailed diagrams, case studies, and real-world examples that bridge the gap between academic study and professional application. From soil mechanics and load calculations to innovative design techniques and sustainability considerations, this book covers a vast landscape of structural engineering.
Key Features:
• In-Depth Analysis and Design: Explore thorough explanations of both shallow and deep foundation designs, supported by case studies that demonstrate their practical implementations.
• Practical Guides: Benefit from detailed guides on site investigation, bearing capacity calculations, and settlement analysis, ensuring designs are both robust and reliable.
• Innovative Techniques: Discover the latest advancements in foundation technology and retaining wall design, preparing you for future trends in civil engineering.
• Educational Tools: Utilize this handbook as an educational tool, perfect for both classroom learning and professional development.
Whether you're a student eager to learn the fundamentals or a professional seeking to deepen your expertise, Dr. Sachpazis’s handbook is designed to support and inspire excellence in the field of structural engineering. Embrace this opportunity to enhance your skills and contribute to building safer, more efficient structures.
Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineers. By Dr. Costas Sachpazis.
A Technical Report provides information on Geotechnical Exploration and testing procedures, analysis techniques, allowable criteria, design procedures, and construction consideration for the selection, design, and installation of sheet pile walls.
"Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineers" by Dr. Costas Sachpazis provides an in-depth look into the engineering, design, and construction of sheet pile walls. The book details geotechnical exploration, testing procedures, and analysis techniques essential for determining soil properties and stability under various conditions, including seismic activity. It also covers the impact of groundwater on wall design and offers methods for controlling it during construction. Practical considerations for confined space work and the use of emerging technologies in sheet pile construction are discussed. The guide serves as a comprehensive resource for civil engineers aiming to enhance their expertise in creating durable and effective sheet pile wall solutions for complex engineering projects.
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective IntroductionDr.Costas Sachpazis
Geotechnical Engineering: A Student's Perspective
By Dr. Costas Sachpazis.
Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering that focuses on the behavior of earth materials such as soil and rock. It is a crucial aspect of any construction project, as the properties of the ground can have a significant impact on the design and stability of structures. Geotechnical engineers work to understand the physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock, as well as how these materials interact with man-made structures.
Geotechnical engineering plays a crucial role in the field of civil engineering, as it deals with the behavior of earth materials and how they interact with structures. Understanding the properties of soil and rock beneath the surface is essential for designing safe and stable structures that can withstand various loads and environmental conditions. Without proper knowledge of geotechnical engineering, civil engineers would not be able to ensure the safety and longevity of their projects.
Sachpazis: Steel member fire resistance design to Eurocode 3 / Σαχπάζης: Σχεδ...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
This document summarizes the fire resistance design of a steel member according to EN1993-1-2:2005. The design checks the member for shear, bending moment, temperature, and time to critical temperature under fire conditions. The summary shows the member passes all criteria with utilization levels below 1.0. Key details of the member, loading, fire protection, and temperature analysis are provided.
Sachpazis_Retaining Structures-Ground Anchors and Anchored Systems_C_Sachpazi...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
A retaining wall is a structure that is designed to hold back soil or other materials when there is a change in ground elevation. Retaining walls are commonly used in civil engineering to support soil and prevent erosion. They are typically constructed of various materials, including concrete, masonry, and timber.
Retaining walls are used in a variety of settings, including residential and commercial construction, roadways and highways, and landscaping projects. They are often used to create level areas for building or landscaping by holding back soil or other materials on sloping terrain.
The design of a retaining wall depends on several factors, including the type of soil, the height of the wall, and the slope of the ground. There are several types of retaining walls, including gravity walls, cantilever walls, sheet pile walls, and anchored walls. The type of wall used depends on the specific requirements of the project.
Overall, retaining walls are an important component of civil engineering projects and are used to support soil and prevent erosion. They require careful design and construction to ensure their stability and effectiveness.
Pile configuration optimization on the design of combined piled raft foundationsDr.Costas Sachpazis
By: Birhanu Asefa, Eleyas Assefa, Lysandros Pantelidis,Costas Sachpazis
This paper examines the impact of different pile configurations and geometric parameters on the bearing capacity and the settlement response of a combined pile–raft foundation system utilizing FLAC3D software. The configurations considered were: (1) uniform piles (denoted as CONF1), (2) shorter and longer piles uniformly distributed on the plan view of the raft (CONF2), (3) shorter piles at the center and longer piles at the edge of the raft (CONF3), and (4) longer piles at the center and shorter piles at the edge of the raft (CONF4). In the same framework, different pile diameters and raft stiffnesses were examined. The piles are considered to float in a cohesive–frictional soil mass, simulating the thick cohesive soil deposit found in Addis Abeba (Ethiopia). During simulation, a zero-thickness interface element was employed to incorporate the complex interaction between the soil elements and the structural elements. The analyses indicate that the configuration of piles has a considerable effect on both the bearing capacity and the settlement response of the foundation system. CONF1 and CONF3 improve the bearing capacity and exhibits a smaller average settlement than other configurations. However, CONF3 registers the highest differential settlement. On the other hand, the lowest differential settlement was achieved by the CONF4 configuration; the same configuration also gives ultimate load resistance comparable to those provided by either CONF1 or CONF3. The study also showed that applying zero-thickness interface elements to simulate the interaction between components of the foundation system is suitable for examining piled raft foundations problem.
Σαχπάζης Πλεονεκτήματα και Προκλήσεις της Αιολικής ΕνέργειαςDr.Costas Sachpazis
Σαχπάζης: Πλεονεκτήματα και Προκλήσεις της Αιολικής Ενέργειας.
Πλεονεκτήματα και Προκλήσεις της Αιολικής Ενέργειας
Από Κώστα Σαχπάζη, Πολιτικό Μηχανικό, καθηγητή Πολυτεχνικής Σχολής στην Γεωτεχνική Μηχανική
Η αιολική ενέργεια προσφέρει πολλά πλεονεκτήματα, κάτι που εξηγεί γιατί είναι μια από τις ταχύτερα αναπτυσσόμενες πηγές ενέργειας στον κόσμο. Οι ερευνητικές προσπάθειες αποσκοπούν στην αντιμετώπιση των προκλήσεων για μεγαλύτερη χρήση της αιολικής ενέργειας.
Καθώς είναι πιο καθαρή και φιλική προς το κλίμα, η Αιολική Ενέργεια χρησιμοποιείται ολοένα και περισσότερο για να καλύψει τις συνεχώς αυξανόμενες παγκόσμιες ενεργειακές απαιτήσεις. Στην Ελλάδα, υπάρχει ένα μεγάλο κενό μεταξύ των Αιολικών Πόρων και της πραγματικής παραγωγής ενέργειας, και είναι επιτακτική ανάγκη να επεκταθεί η ανάπτυξη της αιολικής ενέργειας, ιδιαίτερα στις ημέρες μας μετά από την Νέα Εποχή της Απολιγνιτοποίησης που έχουμε εισέλθει με βάση τις προσταγές και τους νόμους της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης.
Ας δούμε όμως παρακάτω περισσότερα για τα οφέλη της αιολικής ενέργειας και μερικές από τις προκλήσεις που προσπαθεί να ξεπεράσει:
Πλεονεκτήματα της Αιολικής Ενέργειας
Sachpazis_Pile Analysis and Design for Acropolis Project According to EN 1997...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
1) The document provides details of a circular column pile design including input parameters such as pile dimensions, safety factors, design parameters, settlement parameters, and layer properties.
2) It summarizes the calculations of layer capacities, total capacities, design capacities, and settlement at service and ultimate limit states.
3) Key outputs include a design load of 3600 kN, a calculated capacity of 5527.83 kN, an Everett settlement of 3.43 mm at SLS and 5.21 mm at ULS, and a required reinforcement area of 2544.69 mm2.
Παράδειγμα ανάλυσης και σχεδίασης Ζευκτών (Trusses) σύμφωνα με τον Ευρωκώδικα EC3, του Δρ. Κώστα Σαχπάζη.
Truss Analysis and Design example to EC3, by Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Differential settlement occurs when different parts of a building's foundation settle by different amounts, causing the building to sink unevenly. This can be caused by variations in soil strength or compaction issues. Uniform settlement across a building is expected over time but differential settlement can damage a building's structure. Signs may include cracks, sticking doors and windows, and leaning walls. Proper site inspection and using deep foundations like helical piers in expansive soils can help prevent differential settlement issues.
Retaining walls are relatively rigid walls used for supporting soil laterally so that it can be retained at different levels on the two sides. Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to a slope that it would not naturally keep to (typically a steep, near-vertical or vertical slope). They are used to bound soils between two different elevations often in areas of terrain possessing undesirable slopes or in areas where the landscape needs to be shaped severely and engineered for more specific purposes like hillside farming or roadway overpasses. A retaining wall that retains soil on the backside and water on the frontside is called a seawall or a bulkhead.
Sachpazis: Hydraulic Structures / About Dams.
A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability. Hydropower is often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity. A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed between locations. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees (also known as dikes) are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. The earliest known dam is the Jawa Dam in Jordan, dating to 3,000 BC.
https://payhip.com/b/oCu8
Slope stability analysis: The term slope means a portion of the natural slope whose original profile has been modified by artificial interventions relevant with respect to stability. The term landslide refers to a situation of instability affecting natural slopes and involving large volumes of soil.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Sachpazis Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In accordance Eurocode 7
1. Construction Stages
Name Term Objects present in this stage
Stage 1
(Generated)
Long Wall 1 (Generated)
On retained side: Ground 1 (Generated), Borehole 1 (Generated),
On excavated side: Excavation 1 (Generated), Borehole 1 (Generated),
Ground Profiles
Name Type Other Properties
Ground 1
(Generated)
Horizontal
Excavations
Name Type Depth
(m)
Plan
length
(m)
Plan
breadth
(m)
Other Properties
Excavation 1
(Generated)
Horizontal 5.00 - -
Soils
Name Type Class State Other Properties
Soil 1 (Generated) Clay Low-plasticity Firm Soil is not fissured
Soil properties
Name Wet weight
kN/m^3
Dry weight
kN/m^3
Failure state Friction
°
Cohesion
kPa
Poisson's
ratio
Soil 1 (Generated) 20.1 20.1 Peak 20.0 5.0 0.30
Soil properties (undrained)
Name Strength
kPa
Strength increase
kN/m^3
From depth
m
Soil 1 (Generated) 65.0 5.0 0.00
Layers
Name Type Thickness
(m)
Soil Dip
(°)
OCR Tension
crack
Layer 1
(Generated)
Undrained 22.50 Soil 1 (Generated) 0.0 1.0 Flooded Not rigid
Boreholes
Name Depth
(m)
Contains layers:
Borehole 1
(Generated)
22.5Layer 1 (Generated);
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date
2. Retaining Walls
Name Type Depth of toe
m
Upstand
m
Material Density
kg/m^3
E
GPa
Wall 1
(Generated)
Sheet Pile 15.00 0.00 Steel 7800 210.0
Retaining Wall sections
Name Section Sectional area
cm^2/m
Moment of inertia
cm^4/m
Section modulus
cm^3/m
Wall 1
(Generated)
Sheet pile section =
FX36
245 82915 3605
Sheet pile sections
Section b
mm
h
mm
d
mm
t
mm
f
mm
A
cm^2/m
m/L
kg/m
m/A
kg/m^2
I
cm^4/m
Z
cm^3/m
FX36 675 460 18.0 14.0 149 245 129.7 192.2 82915 3605
Anchors
Name Type Depth
(m)
Horizontal
spacing
(m)
Inclination
(°)
Pre-stress
(kN/anchor)
L/EA
(m/kN)
Other
Properties
Anchor 1 Anchor 1.50 1.00 15.0 250.00 0.10Permanent
Surcharges
Name Type Depth
(m)
Magnitude Other Properties
Surcharge 1 Uniform 0.00 10.0kPa V U Load type = Custom Loading
Design Standard
Type = Eurocode 7 (Case B)
Earth pressure coefficients
Type = Caquot & Kerisel
Tension crack limited to the retained height
Cantilever toe-in = 20%
Equilibrium calculated at the minimum safe embedment (with designated safety factors)
Unfavourable
Permanent (G) = 1.35
Variable (Q) = 1.50
Accidental (A) = 1.00
Favourable
Permanent (G) = 1.00
Variable (Q) = 0.00
Accidental (A) = 0.00
Minimum surcharge = 0 kPa
On shearing resistance = 1.00
On effective cohesion = 1.00
On undrained strength = 1.00
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date
3. Design Standard [Continued]
On effective earth pressures = 1.00
On total earth pressures = 1.00
Safety factor on resistance applied via: Gross passive pressures
Minimum active pressure = 0.00 kN/m^3
Unplanned excavation = 10% of clear height, but maximum of 0.5m
Softened formation = 0 m
On bending moments = 1.00
On shear forces = 1.00
On prop forces
Short-term = 1.00/1.00
Long-term = 1/1
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date
4. Stage 1 (Generated) - Drawing Board
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
metres
Scale 1:250
0 1 2 3 4 5 10
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date
5. Stage 1 (Generated) - Earth Pressures As Built
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
metres
Scale 1:250
0 1 2 3 4 5 10
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date
6. Stage 1 (Generated) - Earth Pressures At Minimum Safe Embedment
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
metres
Scale 1:250
0 1 2 3 4 5 10
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date
7. Stage 1 (Generated) - Earth Pressures At Failure
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
metres
Scale 1:250
0 1 2 3 4 5 10
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date
8. Stage 1 (Generated) - Structural Forces
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
Largest factored bending moment = -568.9 kNm/m
Largest factored shear force = -535.2 kN/m
metres
Scale 1:250
0 1 2 3 4 5 10
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date
9. Stage 1 (Generated) - Durability
15 10 5 0 5 10 15
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
5
10
15
Largest mean corrosion rate is:
0.050 mm/yr
Air: 0.035 mm/yr
Splash: 0.075 mm/yr
Tidal: 0.035 mm/yr
Low water: 0.075 mm/yr
Immersion: 0.035 mm/yr
Soil: 0.015 mm/yr
metres
Scale 1:250
0 1 2 3 4 5 10
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date
11. Stage 1 (Generated) - Required Embedment As Built
Results of earth pressure calculation
Retaining Wall
Name = Prototype: Wall 1 (Generated)
Retained height = 5.50 m
Depth of toe = 15.00 m
Partial factors
Factors on actions
Unfavourable
Permanent (G) = 1.35
Variable (Q) = 1.50
Accidental (A) = 1.00
Favourable
Permanent (G) = 1.00
Variable (Q) = 0.00
Accidental (A) = 0.00
Minimum surcharge = 0 kPa
Factors on material properties
On shearing resistance = 1.00
On effective cohesion = 1.00
On undrained strength = 1.00
Factors on resistance
On effective earth pressures = 1.00
On total earth pressures = 1.00
Safety factor on resistance applied via: Gross passive pressures
Minimum active pressure = 0.00 kN/m^3
Safety margins on geometry
Unplanned excavation = 10% of clear height, but maximum of 0.5m
Softened formation = 0 m
Factors on structural forces
On bending moments = 1.00
On shear forces = 1.00
On prop forces
Short-term = 1.00/1.00
Long-term = 1/1
Moments
Overturning = 4038 kNm/m
Restoring = 7059 kNm/m
Out-of-balance = -3021 kNm/m
Restoring/Overturning = 175 %
Reaction at wall toe = -1665.2 kN/m
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date
12. Stage 1 (Generated) - Required Embedment At Minimum Safe Embedment
Results of earth pressure calculation
Retaining Wall
Name = Prototype: Wall 1 (Generated)
Retained height = 5.50 m
Depth of toe = 11.56 m
Partial factors
Factors on actions
Unfavourable
Permanent (G) = 1.35
Variable (Q) = 1.50
Accidental (A) = 1.00
Favourable
Permanent (G) = 1.00
Variable (Q) = 0.00
Accidental (A) = 0.00
Minimum surcharge = 0 kPa
Factors on material properties
On shearing resistance = 1.00
On effective cohesion = 1.00
On undrained strength = 1.00
Factors on resistance
On effective earth pressures = 1.00
On total earth pressures = 1.00
Safety factor on resistance applied via: Gross passive pressures
Minimum active pressure = 0.00 kN/m^3
Safety margins on geometry
Unplanned excavation = 10% of clear height, but maximum of 0.5m
Softened formation = 0 m
Factors on structural forces
On bending moments = 1.00
On shear forces = 1.00
On prop forces
Short-term = 1.00/1.00
Long-term = 1/1
Moments
Overturning = 1942 kNm/m
Restoring = 1942 kNm/m
Out-of-balance = 0 kNm/m
Restoring/Overturning = 100 %
The wall is in equilibrium
Reaction at wall toe = -535.2 kN/m
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date
13. Stage 1 (Generated) - Required Embedment At Failure
Results of earth pressure calculation
Retaining Wall
Name = Prototype: Wall 1 (Generated)
Retained height = 5.50 m
Depth of toe = 13.02 m
Partial factors
Factors on actions
Unfavourable
Permanent (G) = 1.00
Variable (Q) = 1.00
Accidental (A) = 1.00
Favourable
Permanent (G) = 1.00
Variable (Q) = 1.00
Accidental (A) = 1.00
Minimum surcharge = 0 kPa
Factors on material properties
On shearing resistance = 1.00
On effective cohesion = 1.00
On undrained strength = 1.00
Factors on resistance
On effective earth pressures = 1.00
On total earth pressures = 1.00
Safety factor on resistance applied via: Gross passive pressures
Minimum active pressure = 0.00 kN/m^3
Safety margins on geometry
Unplanned excavation = None
Softened formation = 0 m
Factors on structural forces
On bending moments = 1.00
On shear forces = 1.00
On prop forces
Short-term = 1.00/1.00
Long-term = 1/1
Moments
Overturning = 2663 kNm/m
Restoring = 2663 kNm/m
Out-of-balance = 0 kNm/m
Restoring/Overturning = 100 %
The wall is in equilibrium
Reaction at wall toe = -543.1 kN/m
Stage 1 (Generated): Structural Forces
Depth
(m)
Bending
Moment
(kNm/m)
Shear Force
(kN/m)
Prop Force
(kN/m)
Notes
8.15 -568.9 -1.2 See aboveMaximum bending moment
10.55 -5.4 -535.2 See aboveMaximum shear force
Stage 1 (Generated): Messages
Ground 1 (Generated) added to stage
Wall 1 (Generated) added to stage
Excavation 1 (Generated) added to stage
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date
14. Stage 1 (Generated): Messages [Continued]
Borehole 1 (Generated) added to stage
Borehole 1 (Generated) added to stage
Validating the construction stage
Calculating earth pressures as built (for the specified wall length and safety factors)
Calculating earth pressures at the minimum safe embedment (with the specified safety factors)
Calculating earth pressures with maximized safety factors (for the specified wall length)
Calculating earth pressures at failure (with safety factors set to 1)
1 error/warning message(s) generated during the calculations: please inspect the Messages View for
more information
Calculating structural forces
Calculating durability
Validating the construction stage
Calculating earth pressures as built (for the specified wall length and safety factors)
Calculating earth pressures at the minimum safe embedment (with the specified safety factors)
Calculating structural forces
Calculating durability
Calculating earth pressures with maximized safety factors (for the specified wall length)
Calculating earth pressures at failure (with safety factors set to 1)
1 error/warning message(s) generated during the calculations: please inspect the Messages View for
more information
Validating the construction stage
Calculating earth pressures as built (for the specified wall length and safety factors)
Calculating earth pressures at the minimum safe embedment (with the specified safety factors)
Calculating structural forces
Calculating durability
Calculating earth pressures with maximized safety factors (for the specified wall length)
Calculating earth pressures at failure (with safety factors set to 1)
1 error/warning message(s) generated during the calculations: please inspect the Messages View for
more information
GEODOMISI Ltd. - Dr. Costas Sachpazis
Civil & Geotechnical Engineering Consulting Company for
Structural Engineering, Soil Mechanics, Rock Mechanics,
Foundation Engineering & Retaining Structures.
Tel.: (+30) 210 5238127, 210 5711263 - Fax.:+30 210 5711461 -
Mobile: (+30) 6936425722 & (+44) 7585939944,
www.geodomisi.com - costas@sachpazis.info
Project: Cantilever Steel SheetPile Retaining Wall
Analysis & Design, Free Earth Support In
accordance Eurocode 7.
Job Ref.
www.geodomisi.com
Section
Civil & Geotechnical EngineeringCalculations for
Sheet no./rev. 1
Calc.Made by
Dr. C. Sachpazis
Date
27/02/2016
Chk'd by
Date App'd by Date