This document summarizes an agrometeorological monitoring and forecasting system for pest and disease control. It discusses using input data like field stations, leaf wetness sensors, remote sensing, and numerical weather models to develop crop protection models. Models can be mechanistic, empirical, or use other approaches. The models output is used for climatic classification, future climate scenarios, and field monitoring/forecasts. The information is applied to determine optimal treatment times considering pathogen presence, crop susceptibility, and treatment efficacy. Model application has provided economic benefits through increased yields and reduced input costs in several countries.
Incidence and Impacts of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in EthiopiaCIMMYT
Incidence and impacts of MLN in Ethiopia, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Cassava Green Mite - A case study of Biological Control - CopyJawwad Mirza
This document discusses the cassava green mite, an invasive pest of cassava crops in Africa. It was accidentally introduced from South America in the 1970s and has since spread to 27 countries, reducing cassava yields by up to 80%. Cultural control and pesticides provided limited success in managing the mite. In the 1980s, predatory mites from Brazil, including five Tryphlodromalus species, were introduced through classical biological control. One species, T. aripo, established widely and reduced mite populations by 90%, increasing cassava yields by 35% and providing $60 million in benefits annually. Conservation biological control using these predatory mites has successfully managed the cassava green mite pest
This document summarizes disease control and pest management strategies for cassava production. It discusses the need to increase cassava yields to meet growing demand. The main challenges are poor adoption of improved varieties and threats from pests and diseases. It outlines the major cassava pests and diseases found across different regions. Effective management requires an integrated approach considering genotype, environment, and agronomic practices. Clean planting material and surveillance are important to control diseases like cassava mosaic and brown streak viruses.
MLN Incidence and Impact in Uganda, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
This document summarizes preliminary results from a pilot project that used DNA fingerprinting to track the diffusion of improved wheat and maize varieties in Ethiopia. The results show that farmer recalls underestimated adoption rates compared to DNA analysis, with adoption of improved varieties being 9.3% for wheat and 47% for maize based on farmer knowledge. DNA fingerprinting identified adoption as 96% for wheat and 64% for maize. The implications are that DNA fingerprinting could more accurately estimate varietal adoption, seed demand, and program impact if scaled up and integrated into national crop surveys and programs.
Disease monitoring in wheat through remotely sensed dataCIMMYT
Remote sensing –Beyond images
Mexico 14-15 December 2013
The workshop was organized by CIMMYT Global Conservation Agriculture Program (GCAP) and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), the Mexican Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CGIAR Research Program on Maize, the Cereal System Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) and the Sustainable Modernization of the Traditional Agriculture (MasAgro)
FMD is a major problem in Nigeria, where serotypes O, A, and SAT 2 circulate. Between 2007-2009, 48 samples from 10 reported outbreaks tested positive for FMD, with 36 being typed as O (4.2%), A (52.1%), and SAT 2 (18.7%). Sequence analysis showed the viruses were closely related to isolates from Sudan and other neighboring countries. Controlling FMD in Nigeria relies on improved quarantine, movement controls, and vaccinations, but vaccines have limitations in hot climates with poor cold chain infrastructure. More comprehensive surveillance is needed to understand the FMD situation in Nigeria.
Incidence and Impacts of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in EthiopiaCIMMYT
Incidence and impacts of MLN in Ethiopia, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Cassava Green Mite - A case study of Biological Control - CopyJawwad Mirza
This document discusses the cassava green mite, an invasive pest of cassava crops in Africa. It was accidentally introduced from South America in the 1970s and has since spread to 27 countries, reducing cassava yields by up to 80%. Cultural control and pesticides provided limited success in managing the mite. In the 1980s, predatory mites from Brazil, including five Tryphlodromalus species, were introduced through classical biological control. One species, T. aripo, established widely and reduced mite populations by 90%, increasing cassava yields by 35% and providing $60 million in benefits annually. Conservation biological control using these predatory mites has successfully managed the cassava green mite pest
This document summarizes disease control and pest management strategies for cassava production. It discusses the need to increase cassava yields to meet growing demand. The main challenges are poor adoption of improved varieties and threats from pests and diseases. It outlines the major cassava pests and diseases found across different regions. Effective management requires an integrated approach considering genotype, environment, and agronomic practices. Clean planting material and surveillance are important to control diseases like cassava mosaic and brown streak viruses.
MLN Incidence and Impact in Uganda, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
This document summarizes preliminary results from a pilot project that used DNA fingerprinting to track the diffusion of improved wheat and maize varieties in Ethiopia. The results show that farmer recalls underestimated adoption rates compared to DNA analysis, with adoption of improved varieties being 9.3% for wheat and 47% for maize based on farmer knowledge. DNA fingerprinting identified adoption as 96% for wheat and 64% for maize. The implications are that DNA fingerprinting could more accurately estimate varietal adoption, seed demand, and program impact if scaled up and integrated into national crop surveys and programs.
Disease monitoring in wheat through remotely sensed dataCIMMYT
Remote sensing –Beyond images
Mexico 14-15 December 2013
The workshop was organized by CIMMYT Global Conservation Agriculture Program (GCAP) and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), the Mexican Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CGIAR Research Program on Maize, the Cereal System Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) and the Sustainable Modernization of the Traditional Agriculture (MasAgro)
FMD is a major problem in Nigeria, where serotypes O, A, and SAT 2 circulate. Between 2007-2009, 48 samples from 10 reported outbreaks tested positive for FMD, with 36 being typed as O (4.2%), A (52.1%), and SAT 2 (18.7%). Sequence analysis showed the viruses were closely related to isolates from Sudan and other neighboring countries. Controlling FMD in Nigeria relies on improved quarantine, movement controls, and vaccinations, but vaccines have limitations in hot climates with poor cold chain infrastructure. More comprehensive surveillance is needed to understand the FMD situation in Nigeria.
Integration of maize Lethal Necrosis disease management in crop-livestock int...africa-rising
Poster prepared by MB Jumbo, D Makumbi, Janet Njeri Kimunye, G Mahuku, M Bekunda and I Hoeschle-Zeledon for the International Conference on Integrated Systems Research, Ibadan, Nigeria, 3-6 March 2015
This document discusses cassava production globally and proposes a Global Alliance for Cassava Improvement. It notes that cassava is produced in 105 countries across Latin America, Africa, and Asia, with Africa producing 30% of global cassava on just 3.5 million hectares. Productivity varies greatly between regions. The document proposes forming a Global Alliance to address issues like increasing cassava productivity and yields, which have risen overall but vary between countries. It presents data on increasing cassava production and yields in various countries and regions over time. The Alliance would work to improve cassava through initiatives like addressing viral diseases, climate change impacts, breeding programs, and increasing capacity in producer countries.
التقدم في تكنولوجيا المعلومات للكشف عن أمراض النباتات Advances in Informatio...Mohamed Mostafa
This document discusses advances in information technology for detecting plant diseases. It outlines how machine learning techniques and expert systems can be used to identify plant diseases early. Remote sensing using hyperspectral sensors and wireless sensor networks are also presented as methods to continuously monitor crops for stress or disease. The conclusion states that sensory-based information and communication technologies can help experts more accurately detect problems affecting crops.
This document provides information about common cassava diseases and disease assessment in West Africa. It discusses key cassava diseases like cassava mosaic disease, cassava bacterial blight, and cassava anthracnose disease. It describes their symptoms and provides scales to evaluate disease incidence from 1 to 5, with 1 being no or minor symptoms and 5 being severe symptoms. The document emphasizes the importance of disease assessment for developing effective management strategies and making good decisions in seed certification. Field inspection scoring sheets are presented to standardize disease assessment in cassava fields.
Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) in KenyaCIMMYT
MLN's incidence and impacts in Kenya, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Identification of ...ICRISAT
Although breeders have been doing their best to produce peanuts with higher resistance to aflatoxin, their efforts have not been very successful. One of the main reasons for this is limited knowledge and information available on the three mechanisms of resistance to aflatoxin in peanut and their associated genes: (1) resistance to in vitro seed colonization (IVSC), (2) resistance to pre-harvest seed infection, and (3) resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin production (PAC).
MLN Workshop: Maize lethal necrosis: the disease -- B DasCIMMYT
MLN is a devastating viral disease of maize caused by a double infection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and either Sugarcane mosaic virus, Maize dwarf mosaic virus, or Wheat streak mosaic virus. Symptoms include severe mottling and necrosis of leaves, stunted growth, dead hearts, and barren ears. The disease was first reported in Kenya in 2011 and is spreading due to the introduction of a new strain of MCMV to the region, widespread cultivation of susceptible varieties, and environmental conditions supporting insect vectors. Diagnosis is made through ELISA or PCR tests of symptomatic plants showing mottling, stunting, and lack of grain production.
This document discusses emerging cassava pests and diseases in Southeast Asia and ongoing initiatives to address them. It outlines monitoring efforts of the cassava mealybug complex and cassava witches' broom disease across several countries. Applied research is exploring biological control of mealybugs and transmission of the broom disease. Capacity building includes training local experts in identification and monitoring. Outreach involves farmer videos and extension partnerships to promote integrated pest management. Regional collaboration aims to strengthen surveillance, research, and extension networks for cassava health in Southeast Asia.
Workshop on MLN Diagnostics and Managment in AfricaCIMMYT
Current Phytosanitary Policies to Control the incidence and spread of MLN in Nigeria and Africa, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Incidence and Impact of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in TanzaniaCIMMYT
Incidence and Impact of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Tanzania, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Global germplasm collections: sure benefits without seedborne diseasesCIAT
1) The CIAT germplasm bank holds over 67,000 bean accessions, 33 cassava accessions, and over 23,000 tropical forage accessions, which are distributed internationally to benefit food security.
2) CIAT works with ICA to ensure germplasm exports are free of quarantine pests through disease testing and indexing. Research is conducted to improve health, such as managing ergot disease in Brachiaria.
3) Molecular diagnostic methods have been standardized to detect viruses in cassava, allowing detection of multiple viruses from one sample and improving over use of indicator plants. This benefits distribution of virus-free material.
This document outlines initiatives to address challenges from invasive pests and diseases affecting cassava production in Southeast Asia. Monitoring efforts have found three mealybug species and cassava witches broom disease widespread across several countries. Applied research is investigating biological control of mealybugs, heat treatments for infected cassava cuttings, and potential insect vectors of the disease. Capacity building includes training local experts in identification and symptom recognition. Outreach uses videos, booklets, and other ICT tools to educate farmers on integrated pest management. The initiatives involve partnerships across multiple research and extension organizations in the region.
Technologies to drive maize yield improvementCIMMYT
This document discusses technologies and strategies being used by Corteva Agriscience to improve maize yields. It highlights advanced phenotyping systems using drones and satellite imagery, genomic research including reference genomes, and the use of gene editing including CRISPR-Cas9 to develop new varieties with improved traits like disease resistance and drought tolerance. The first example product mentioned is a waxy corn variety developed using CRISPR-Cas9 that is expected to launch commercially in 2020.
Napier grass smut and stunt resistance: Introducing the ProjectILRI
A presentation prepared by Janice Proud for the ASARECA/ILRI workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010
This document discusses the use of biotechnology tools to combat Rift Valley fever in Africa. It provides background on Rift Valley fever virus and its impact on livestock and humans. It then describes current diagnostic tests and vaccines used in Africa, as well as new vaccine technologies under development, including reverse genetic and plant-based vaccine candidates. The document emphasizes that while biotechnology has enabled effective control tools, developing a registered human vaccine could help address this ongoing public health challenge in Africa.
BGRI Global Rust Monitoring: Challenges and Opportunities for Stripe RustICARDA
This document summarizes the challenges and opportunities for monitoring stripe rust, an important wheat disease. It discusses:
1. The importance of wheat as a global crop and the need for effective rust monitoring after the emergence of the Ug99 stem rust strain in Africa.
2. Progress made in establishing monitoring systems and networks for stem rust, but challenges remain in monitoring stripe rust due to its widespread and unpredictable nature.
3. Opportunities to build on lessons from stem rust monitoring to improve detection, reporting, and promotion of resistant varieties for stripe rust, which requires strengthening surveillance networks, pathotyping capacity, and international collaboration.
This document summarizes research highlights from the RTB Annual Planning Meeting on managing priority pests and diseases of root, tuber and banana crops. It describes ongoing work on several major diseases affecting banana (banana Xanthomonas wilt, Fusarium wilt), cassava (cassava mosaic virus disease, cassava brown streak disease), potato (pest risk assessments, IPM strategies), sweet potato (virus diagnostics, virome analysis), and yam (virus surveillance, diagnostic tool development). It also discusses plans to establish a pan-African crop surveillance network and diagnostic network to monitor and control these important diseases.
MLN Workshop: Agronomic management of maize lethal necrosis -- S Mugo, et alCIMMYT
This document provides information on managing maize lethal necrosis (MLN) in maize seed production and breeding nurseries. It discusses that MLN is caused by two viruses transmitted by insect vectors like aphids and thrips. Community approaches for control include awareness creation, reducing inoculum levels, and developing MLN tolerant germplasm. For nursery management, it recommends using clean seed, growing in MLN-free areas, seed treatment, ensuring a clean field, monitoring for viruses and vectors, and controlling vectors with weekly pesticide sprays. Seed increase follows a recipient level system moving from pre-basic to basic to certified seed. Managing trials may involve natural or artificial MLN inoculation and data collection. Develop
The behind the scenes of today’s satellite imagery technology and what it can do for your farm. Leander Campbell, AAFC Ottawa, Chris Olbach, Corteva Agriscience and Alex Whitley, Taranis
Integration of maize Lethal Necrosis disease management in crop-livestock int...africa-rising
Poster prepared by MB Jumbo, D Makumbi, Janet Njeri Kimunye, G Mahuku, M Bekunda and I Hoeschle-Zeledon for the International Conference on Integrated Systems Research, Ibadan, Nigeria, 3-6 March 2015
This document discusses cassava production globally and proposes a Global Alliance for Cassava Improvement. It notes that cassava is produced in 105 countries across Latin America, Africa, and Asia, with Africa producing 30% of global cassava on just 3.5 million hectares. Productivity varies greatly between regions. The document proposes forming a Global Alliance to address issues like increasing cassava productivity and yields, which have risen overall but vary between countries. It presents data on increasing cassava production and yields in various countries and regions over time. The Alliance would work to improve cassava through initiatives like addressing viral diseases, climate change impacts, breeding programs, and increasing capacity in producer countries.
التقدم في تكنولوجيا المعلومات للكشف عن أمراض النباتات Advances in Informatio...Mohamed Mostafa
This document discusses advances in information technology for detecting plant diseases. It outlines how machine learning techniques and expert systems can be used to identify plant diseases early. Remote sensing using hyperspectral sensors and wireless sensor networks are also presented as methods to continuously monitor crops for stress or disease. The conclusion states that sensory-based information and communication technologies can help experts more accurately detect problems affecting crops.
This document provides information about common cassava diseases and disease assessment in West Africa. It discusses key cassava diseases like cassava mosaic disease, cassava bacterial blight, and cassava anthracnose disease. It describes their symptoms and provides scales to evaluate disease incidence from 1 to 5, with 1 being no or minor symptoms and 5 being severe symptoms. The document emphasizes the importance of disease assessment for developing effective management strategies and making good decisions in seed certification. Field inspection scoring sheets are presented to standardize disease assessment in cassava fields.
Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) in KenyaCIMMYT
MLN's incidence and impacts in Kenya, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Research Program Genetic Gains (RPGG) Review Meeting 2021: Identification of ...ICRISAT
Although breeders have been doing their best to produce peanuts with higher resistance to aflatoxin, their efforts have not been very successful. One of the main reasons for this is limited knowledge and information available on the three mechanisms of resistance to aflatoxin in peanut and their associated genes: (1) resistance to in vitro seed colonization (IVSC), (2) resistance to pre-harvest seed infection, and (3) resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin production (PAC).
MLN Workshop: Maize lethal necrosis: the disease -- B DasCIMMYT
MLN is a devastating viral disease of maize caused by a double infection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and either Sugarcane mosaic virus, Maize dwarf mosaic virus, or Wheat streak mosaic virus. Symptoms include severe mottling and necrosis of leaves, stunted growth, dead hearts, and barren ears. The disease was first reported in Kenya in 2011 and is spreading due to the introduction of a new strain of MCMV to the region, widespread cultivation of susceptible varieties, and environmental conditions supporting insect vectors. Diagnosis is made through ELISA or PCR tests of symptomatic plants showing mottling, stunting, and lack of grain production.
This document discusses emerging cassava pests and diseases in Southeast Asia and ongoing initiatives to address them. It outlines monitoring efforts of the cassava mealybug complex and cassava witches' broom disease across several countries. Applied research is exploring biological control of mealybugs and transmission of the broom disease. Capacity building includes training local experts in identification and monitoring. Outreach involves farmer videos and extension partnerships to promote integrated pest management. Regional collaboration aims to strengthen surveillance, research, and extension networks for cassava health in Southeast Asia.
Workshop on MLN Diagnostics and Managment in AfricaCIMMYT
Current Phytosanitary Policies to Control the incidence and spread of MLN in Nigeria and Africa, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Incidence and Impact of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in TanzaniaCIMMYT
Incidence and Impact of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Tanzania, presented at the International Conference on “MLN Diagnostics and Management in Africa,” organized by AGRA (Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa) and CIMMYT, 12-14 May, 2015
Global germplasm collections: sure benefits without seedborne diseasesCIAT
1) The CIAT germplasm bank holds over 67,000 bean accessions, 33 cassava accessions, and over 23,000 tropical forage accessions, which are distributed internationally to benefit food security.
2) CIAT works with ICA to ensure germplasm exports are free of quarantine pests through disease testing and indexing. Research is conducted to improve health, such as managing ergot disease in Brachiaria.
3) Molecular diagnostic methods have been standardized to detect viruses in cassava, allowing detection of multiple viruses from one sample and improving over use of indicator plants. This benefits distribution of virus-free material.
This document outlines initiatives to address challenges from invasive pests and diseases affecting cassava production in Southeast Asia. Monitoring efforts have found three mealybug species and cassava witches broom disease widespread across several countries. Applied research is investigating biological control of mealybugs, heat treatments for infected cassava cuttings, and potential insect vectors of the disease. Capacity building includes training local experts in identification and symptom recognition. Outreach uses videos, booklets, and other ICT tools to educate farmers on integrated pest management. The initiatives involve partnerships across multiple research and extension organizations in the region.
Technologies to drive maize yield improvementCIMMYT
This document discusses technologies and strategies being used by Corteva Agriscience to improve maize yields. It highlights advanced phenotyping systems using drones and satellite imagery, genomic research including reference genomes, and the use of gene editing including CRISPR-Cas9 to develop new varieties with improved traits like disease resistance and drought tolerance. The first example product mentioned is a waxy corn variety developed using CRISPR-Cas9 that is expected to launch commercially in 2020.
Napier grass smut and stunt resistance: Introducing the ProjectILRI
A presentation prepared by Janice Proud for the ASARECA/ILRI workshop on Mitigating the Impact of Napier Grass Smut and Stunt Diseases, Addis Ababa, June 2-3, 2010
This document discusses the use of biotechnology tools to combat Rift Valley fever in Africa. It provides background on Rift Valley fever virus and its impact on livestock and humans. It then describes current diagnostic tests and vaccines used in Africa, as well as new vaccine technologies under development, including reverse genetic and plant-based vaccine candidates. The document emphasizes that while biotechnology has enabled effective control tools, developing a registered human vaccine could help address this ongoing public health challenge in Africa.
BGRI Global Rust Monitoring: Challenges and Opportunities for Stripe RustICARDA
This document summarizes the challenges and opportunities for monitoring stripe rust, an important wheat disease. It discusses:
1. The importance of wheat as a global crop and the need for effective rust monitoring after the emergence of the Ug99 stem rust strain in Africa.
2. Progress made in establishing monitoring systems and networks for stem rust, but challenges remain in monitoring stripe rust due to its widespread and unpredictable nature.
3. Opportunities to build on lessons from stem rust monitoring to improve detection, reporting, and promotion of resistant varieties for stripe rust, which requires strengthening surveillance networks, pathotyping capacity, and international collaboration.
This document summarizes research highlights from the RTB Annual Planning Meeting on managing priority pests and diseases of root, tuber and banana crops. It describes ongoing work on several major diseases affecting banana (banana Xanthomonas wilt, Fusarium wilt), cassava (cassava mosaic virus disease, cassava brown streak disease), potato (pest risk assessments, IPM strategies), sweet potato (virus diagnostics, virome analysis), and yam (virus surveillance, diagnostic tool development). It also discusses plans to establish a pan-African crop surveillance network and diagnostic network to monitor and control these important diseases.
MLN Workshop: Agronomic management of maize lethal necrosis -- S Mugo, et alCIMMYT
This document provides information on managing maize lethal necrosis (MLN) in maize seed production and breeding nurseries. It discusses that MLN is caused by two viruses transmitted by insect vectors like aphids and thrips. Community approaches for control include awareness creation, reducing inoculum levels, and developing MLN tolerant germplasm. For nursery management, it recommends using clean seed, growing in MLN-free areas, seed treatment, ensuring a clean field, monitoring for viruses and vectors, and controlling vectors with weekly pesticide sprays. Seed increase follows a recipient level system moving from pre-basic to basic to certified seed. Managing trials may involve natural or artificial MLN inoculation and data collection. Develop
The behind the scenes of today’s satellite imagery technology and what it can do for your farm. Leander Campbell, AAFC Ottawa, Chris Olbach, Corteva Agriscience and Alex Whitley, Taranis
One Health Perspective And Assessment Of Giardia & Cryptosporidium Infections...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document summarizes a study assessing the risks of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections from wastewater and excreta use in agriculture in Vietnam. The study identified these pathogens in wastewater and examined exposure scenarios through various agricultural activities. Risk modeling estimated annual infection risks exceeding acceptable levels set by WHO. The conclusions recommend a One Health approach to better manage animal wastes and protect human and environmental health.
WP3 aims to identify and rank global Phytophthora threats to the UK. WP3.1 examines the risk of introduction by identifying key trade pathways and linking introduction risk to ecological traits of Phytophthora species. WP3.2 assesses risk of establishment and spread, including mapping risk areas in the UK and linking traits like temperature tolerances to a species' geographic extent. Global databases on Phytophthora distributions and traits are being developed to support trait-based models of introduction risk, establishment potential, and geographic range. Preliminary results suggest certain cold-tolerant species that cause root or foliar symptoms are more likely to be introduced and establish.
Addressing the challenges of climate change, rising long-term food prices, and poor progress in improving food security will require increased food production without further damage to the environment. Accelerated investments in agricultural research and development will be crucial to sup- porting food production growth. The specific set of agricultural technologies that should be brought to bear remains unknown, however. At the same time, the future technology mix will have major impacts on agricultural production, food consumption, food security, trade, and environmental quality in develop- ing countries.
This book examines the role of agricultural technologies in ensuring food security in a world facing natural resource scarcity and climate change. It uses process-based crop models and global economic models to analyze the impacts of 11 technologies on maize, rice and wheat yields, as well as effects on global food prices, trade, production and food security. The modeling finds that technologies like heat-tolerant varieties, no-till, nitrogen-use efficiency and precision agriculture have strong potential to increase yields, particularly in Africa, South Asia and parts of Latin America. However, technology impacts vary significantly by region, making targeted investments important. The book provides evidence to guide decisions on technology prioritization and investment to sustainably meet global food demand.
Influence of fertilizers on incidence and severity of early blight and late b...Innspub Net
The potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in the Far North Region, Cameroon is confronted with, diseases and pests. To improve the production of this plant, a study was carried out in Mouvou and Gouria to evaluate the impact of fertilizers on the development of late blight and early blight diseases of this plant. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block with 4 treatments: Mycorrhizae (MYC), NPK (20-10-10) chemical fertilizers, chicken droppings (CD) and a control (T). The plant material used was a local variety of potato (Dosa). Disease incidence and severity and rainfall were evaluated. Area Under Disease Progress Curve was calculated. At 60 DAS, mean incidences recorded for fertilizers were 5.7, 3.6, 1.8 and 0.8 % respectively for control, MYC, NPK and CD. In general, early blight severity decreased from 22.1% at 45 DAS to 0.3 % at 60 DAS. The highest AUDPC value of late blight at Mouvou site was observed in NPK treatment while potato in CD treatment had the lowest. The lowest AUDPC value of early blight was observed in CD treatment at both sites. AUDSIPC value for late blight was significantly higher in NPK treatment in both sites. The highest value of AUDPSIC of early blight was recorded in MYC treatment, 45 DAS in both sites. The average rainfall was higher in the Gouria site (716.5mm) than in Mouvou site (679 mm). The CD treatment can be recommended to the farmers for the phytosanitary protection of potatoes.
Presentation by Aly Abousabaa from ICARDA at the Breeding Advantage event on the sidelines of COP23.
More information about the event series: https://bit.ly/AgAdvantage
This document summarizes research on wheat rust resistance in Ethiopia. It discusses:
- Yellow rust is a major problem, causing epidemics and yield losses as high as 100%
- Synthetic hexaploid wheat provides new sources of resistance to rusts and other stresses
- The study characterized stripe rust resistance in 181 synthetic hexaploid wheats and 6 bread wheats under field conditions in Ethiopia. It identified QTLs linked to stripe rust resistance to help breed resistant varieties.
This document summarizes the importance of stripe rust (yellow rust) of wheat and discusses the establishment of the Turkey-ICARDA Regional Cereal Rust Research Center (RCRRC) in Izmir, Turkey. Some key points:
1. Stripe rust is a serious disease that can cause significant wheat yield losses worldwide. A new virulent race emerged in 2009-2010 that overcame resistance in widely grown varieties.
2. Elements of an international stripe rust strategy were developed to improve surveillance, research resistant varieties, and develop national action plans.
3. The RCRRC was established in 2012 to develop durable stripe rust resistance in Central and West Asia and North Africa through partnerships and networking.
Cattle Ticks and Risk Factors Related to Tick Infestation of Livestock in Per...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Tick-borne diseases are a global public health problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where most of the disease is caused by malaria and many other diseases of viral, parasitic or bacterial origin. This study aimed to identify the bovine tick's species in cattle farms and to determine possible risk factors related to tick infestation in Abidjan district and Azaguié commune. Thus, in July 2019, thirteen (13) herds distributed in these localities were visited for tick sampling and to conduct epidemiological investigations. At each visit, ticks were harvested from 15 cattle per herd. All the farms visited were infested with ticks. 96.92% of sampled animals had ticks. A total of 1796 ticks were collected of which 89.42% (1606) were adults, 10.41% (187) were pupae and 0.17% (3) was larvae. Two species of ticks have been identified, Amblyomma variegatum with 25% of the population and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus with 75%. 96% of the cattle were infested by ticks of the species R. (B.) microplus and 56% of the cattle were infested by ticks of the species A. variegatum. The co-infestation of cattle by the two identified species was 53%. The distribution of the sexes showed that in the species A. variegatum, males were more numerous (13.44% for males and 8.76% for females). However in the species R. (B.) microplus, females were more numerous (5.08% for males and 62.3% for females).The analysis of risk factors associated with tick infestation in cattle has shown that factors such as Undefined parks, Type of pasture, Training in the use of acaricides and Presence of wild animals contribute to major ectoparasite infestations in cattle. Tick samples collected from peri-urban farms in the district of Abidjan and the locality of Azaguié as part of this study, indicate that the relatively recent introduction of the species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus presents a threat to animal and human health.
Poster98: Seed system security asssessment new methods for understanding farm...CIAT
The document discusses seed system security assessments and their importance for guiding emergency seed aid interventions. It notes that a production shortfall does not necessarily equal a seed shortfall, and provides an example where farmers in Ethiopia would only need 5% of a low harvest to resow their fields. The document introduces a seed system security assessment guide developed by CIAT to help determine if and how to strengthen vulnerable farming systems through seed-related interventions.
HIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPING METHODS FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS and DESIGNER PLANT TY...Komal Kute
A growing world population is expected to cause a "perfect storm" of food, feed, and biofuel. Under the climate change scenario, it is a challenge for agricultural scientists to ensure food and nutritional security for an ever-increasing population with limited and rapidly depleting resources. However, researchers are now observing that conventional breeding methods will not be sufficient to meet projected future demands for foods. To overcome these constraints, plant breeding has evolved over the past two decades towards a much closer integration of high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) tools and technologies.
The "phenotyping revolution" targets extremely precise and accurate measurements of very specific traits in large populations in the field. Sorghum breeding is not new to this advancement, which obviously implies significant shifts in the breeding programs. First, it indicates breeders integrate trait assessment with traditional yield and agronomic evaluation, emphasising that breeding programmes are opened up to new or other disciplines. It additionally requires that these new or other disciplines think about and conceptualise their own actions and orientations from the perspective of how they may fit into a breeding methodology. In this instance, the four primary sorghum breeding domains—staying green and transpiration limitation under high vapour pressure deficit (VPD); nodal root angle and depth; grain mineral content (Fe, Zn); and grain and stover quality traits—are tightly correlated with HTP. These ongoing initiatives focus on value of the particular trait and why it is considered by breeders; how it is measured with HTP approaches (method, throughput, cost, simplicity) and finally, how these traits are currently being embedded in the breeding program. Through various research, it became evident there are several other avenues of technology that, although not yet routinely implemented, could bring about a major benefit to the breeding programme’s endeavour to increase the rate of genetic gains. Here, we discuss the use of drone imaging for yield trial quality control and pinpoint plot heterogeneity, the integration of quality analysis into the assessment of agronomic traits in the field, and the use of X-ray spectroscopy to assess grain or crop architecture traits.
Achievements and outcomes in implementation of Napier smut and stunt resistan...ILRI
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Pesticide risk management through farmer field schools in the Senegal and Nig...FAO
http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/214049/icode/
Field schools that train farmers in alternative methods of pest control have succeeded in nearly eliminating the use of toxic pesticides by a community of cotton growers in Mali, according to a new FAO study published today by the London-based Royal Society. This presentation shows how new tools and farmer training implemented by FAO and its partners could revolutionize pesticide management in West Africa.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the response of 24 sunflower genotypes to charcoal rot disease caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The genotypes were planted under different treatment conditions and assessed for various yield attributes and disease incidence. Three genotypes - HBRS-1, A-79, and G-12 - showed moderate resistance to the disease, with disease incidence between 10-24%. Several other genotypes were found to be susceptible or highly susceptible, with over 50% disease incidence. The study aims to identify resistant varieties that can be used for improving sunflower yield under charcoal rot stress conditions.
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The document discusses seed system security assessments and their importance for guiding emergency seed aid interventions. It notes that a production shortfall does not necessarily mean a seed shortfall, and gives an example where Ethiopian farmers would only need 5% of a low harvest to resow fields. The document introduces a guide published by CIAT to help determine if seed-related interventions are needed and how to design appropriate responses. It provides formulas for calculating typical seed needs and harvests based on area planted, seeding rates, and crop multiplication rates.
International Winter Wheat Improvement Program: breeding strategies and meth...ICARDA
A. Morgunov (CIMMYT-Turkey)
B. Akin (CIMMYT-Turkey),
Y. Kaya (B. Dagdas International Agric. Research Institute, Turkey)
M. Keser (ICARDA-Turkey)
K. Nazari (ICARDA-Syria)
Z. Mert (Central Field Crop Research Institute, Turkey),
R. Sharma (ICARDA-Uzbekistan)
T. Wuletaw (ICARDA-Syria)
1. Cassava production has increased steadily over decades due to improved varieties and management practices, but many countries have yet to reach yield potential.
2. Lessons learned include that sustained investment in research pays off, and that genetic improvement and management contribute equally to yield gains.
3. To further increase productivity, researchers need to develop varieties with higher yields, biotic/abiotic stress resistance, and traits for specific end-uses, while promoting cost-effective management practices. This requires revitalizing national programs and developing new organizational models and technologies.
Similar to S3 orlandini presentation about prognosis models (20)
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This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
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The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
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Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
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S3 orlandini presentation about prognosis models
1. AgrometeorologicalAgrometeorological MonitoringMonitoring
and Forecasts for Pest andand Forecasts for Pest and
Disease ControlDisease Control
Simone Orlandini
Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science
University of Florence
International Workshop on Addressing the Livelihood Crisis of Farmers
Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 12-14 July 2010
6. Most affected regions: tropics
and developing Countries
Causes:
o Lack of technologies
o Crop successions
o High temperatures
o Possibility to have more than one
cycle per year
Area Crop losses (%)
Europe 25
Oceania 28
North and central
America
29
URSS e China 30
South America 33
Africa 42
Asia 43
BackgroundBackground
Constant level of crop
losses 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
anni 50 anni 60-70 oggi
insetti malattie infestantipest diseas
e
weed
1960-19701950 current
8. NeedsNeeds of informationof information
o There is the need of information disseminated to the growers to
rationalise crop protection.
o Usually farmers carry out their decision in condition of high risk
and uncertainty.
o The lack of knowledge increases the level of risk in farm
management, and farmers have to increase the quantity of
chemical and energy inputs, without solving the problems.
o A way to help growers during their activity is represented by the
acquisition of high quality elaborated information, so reducing
decision making uncertainty minimising the use of chemical and
energy inputs.
AgrometeorologicalAgrometeorological modelling can be the suitable toolmodelling can be the suitable tool
to provide this informationto provide this information
12. Remote sensingRemote sensing –– input datainput data
maps of downy mildewmaps of downy mildew
infectioninfection
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.00E+10
06.05.
11.05.
16.05.
21.05.
26.05.
31.05.
05.06.
10.06.
15.06.
20.06.
25.06.
30.06.
05.07.
10.07.
15.07.
measured LW
dropben LW
sweb LW
control LW
Radar (RAINFALL)
Epidemiological
model
Ground stations
LWD model
13. Remote sensingRemote sensing –– identification of symptomsidentification of symptoms
on crop canopies usingon crop canopies using multispectralmultispectral imagesimages
16. GISGIS
Map of number of days for the
outbreak of the current infection
Number of generation of
Bactrocera oleae
17. Simulated impactsSimulated impacts
of leafof leaf--damagingdamaging
pest infestation onpest infestation on
maize yield atmaize yield at
regional scale (30regional scale (30--
arcminute grids inarcminute grids in
Tanzania). LeafTanzania). Leaf
damages wasdamages was
implementedimplemented
through a leaf areathrough a leaf area
coupling point incoupling point in
thethe DSSAT modelDSSAT model
www.regional.org.au
Crop modelsCrop models
26. Input example:Input example: PlasmoparaPlasmopara viticolaviticola
simulation modelssimulation models
Type Model Temp. Precip. RH LWD
Goidanich G G
Rule of 3 10 G G
DM CAST O O O O
EPI Winter M 10 G
Empirical EPI Summer G 3 O d
POM G
PCOP G G
Dyonis G 3 O d
MILVIT 3 O 3 O
VINEMILD O O O
O d O d O d
Mechanistic 15 MI n 15 MI n 15 MI n
Freiburg O O O O
PLASMO O O O O
Rules
PRO O
28. Example of variables included into different kinds of modelsExample of variables included into different kinds of models
L. M. Contreras-Medina, I. Torres-Pacheco, R. G. Guevara-González, R. J. Romero-Troncoso, I. R. Terol-Villalobos, R. A. Osornio-Rios, 2009.
Mathematical modeling tendencies in plant pathology. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (25), pp. 7399-7408
30. Condition of applicationCondition of application
o Climatic classification
o Future climatic scenario for climate change and variability
analysis
o Field monitoring and forecast for crop protection
32. Potato late blight riskPotato late blight risk
Climatic risk for potato late blight in the Andes region of Venezuela (Beatriz
Ibet Lozada Garcia; Paulo Cesar Sentelhas; Luciano Roberto Tapia; Gerd
Sparovek, 2008)
33. Predicted severity of phoma stemPredicted severity of phoma stem
canker (L. maculans) at harvestcanker (L. maculans) at harvest
(Sc) on winter oilseed rape crops.(Sc) on winter oilseed rape crops.
a)1960-1990
d) 2050 LO
c)2020 HI
b)2020 LO
e) 2050 HI
Zhou et al. 1999)
Climate changeClimate change
impactimpact
34.
35. Probable number ofProbable number of
generations of leafgenerations of leaf
miner (Leucopteraminer (Leucoptera
coffeella) on coffeecoffeella) on coffee
plant in Brazilplant in Brazil
Source: Ghini R. et al., 2008. Risk analysis of climate change on coffee nematodes
and leaf miner in Brazil. Pesq. agropec. bras. vol.43 n.2.
36. To treatTo treat
Not to treatNot to treat
Field monitoring and forecast for cropField monitoring and forecast for crop
protectionprotection
37. Information utilisationInformation utilisation
For using information obtained by models or by decision making systems in order
to define the field treatment epochs, different aspects have to be highlighted
Necessary to treat when
• the pathogen is present
• the crop is susceptible
• the treatment is efficacious
To avoid treatments
• in advance, for losses of efficacy due to the product degradation and to the
growth of plants
• late, for losses of efficacy due to a too developed infective process
Factors to consider
• character of the farmer
• need to have all the information concerning the disease and the crop
• position of the threshold of action and damage
• application with strategic or tactical aims
38.
39. State Disease Crop Pathogen Benefit
UK Stem canker,
light leaf spot
oil rape Leptosphaeria
maculans
Pyrenopeziza brassicae
increase average yields by up to
0.5 t/ha (equivalent to £75/ha or
£15 million/annum if benefits
occur on 200,000ha)
1
Virginia
(USA)
leaf spot peanut
growers
Cercospora arachidicola 1987‐1990: input costs reduced
by 33% or $57 per ha
1990‐1995: input costs reduced
by 43% or $66 per ha
2
Italy Grapevine
downy mildew
grapevine Plasmopara viticola The threshold for an economical
convenience in the adoption of
the agrometeorological system is
about 6 ha.
3
Florida Brown spot citrus Alternaria alternata 4
1. Dr Peter Gladders, ADAS Boxworth, Cambridge. LK0944: Validation of disease models in PASSWORD integrated decision support for pests and diseases in
oilseed rape. HGCA conference 2004: Managing soil and roots for profitable production
2. Phipps PM, Deck SH,Walker DR. 1997.Weather-based crop and disease advisories for peanuts in Virginia. Plant Dis. 81:236–44
3. L. Massetti, A. Dalla Marta and S. Orlandini, Preliminary economic evaluation of an agrometeorological system for Plasmopara viticola infections management.
4. Alka Bhatia, P. D. Roberts, L. W. Timmer, 2003. Evaluation of the Alter-Rater Model for Timing of Fungicide Applications for Control of Alternaria Brown Spot of
Citrus. Plant Disease / September 2003.
Model application economic benefitsModel application economic benefits
40. Costs and benefits ofCosts and benefits of AlterAlter--Rater ModelRater Model
41. Benefits from theBenefits from the
IPM impactIPM impact
studiesstudies
Economic Impacts of Integrated Pest Management in Developing Countries:
Evidence from the IPM CRSP
Tatjana Hristovska
Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University, 2009
42. Other benefitsOther benefits
reduction of chemical inputs in the ecosystem
soil fertility conservation
smaller amount of chemical residuals in food
work quality improvement
reduction in the development of resistant forms
safeguarding of natural predatory
reduction of new diseases
43. ImplementationImplementation of the modelof the model
Tables for manual calculations
Simplicity of application, difficulty to obtain information for an
efficacious use
Electronic plant stations
Collocation in field, complete automation, imprecise results,
frequent damages
Computer
Rapidity of intervention (tactic), possibility to analyse past
conditions, possible simulation with future scenarios (strategic),
automatic collection of data, use for different aims, precision of
results
48. Conditions of applicationConditions of application
Farm: in this case the model is applied directly by farmers,
with evident benefits in the evaluation of real
epidemiological condition and microclimate evaluation. On
the other hand, the management of the simulations and
the updating of the systems represent big obstacles.
Territory: it is probably preferable because it allows a better
management and updating of the system. This solution
requires the application of suitable methods for the
information dissemination among the users.
49. Information dissemination: the bulletinsInformation dissemination: the bulletins
o Advises and information to the users can be disseminated
by using: personal contact, newspaper and magazines,
radio and television, videotel, televideo, telefax, mail,
phone, INTERNET, SMS.
54. In Florida AgroClimate.org provides a set of tools to help producers reduce risks
associated with climate variability.
In particular, the Strawberry Diseases Tool can help you with recommendations for
timing fungicide applications for Anthracnose and Botrytis fruit rot.
55. Maps of light leaf spot forecastMaps of light leaf spot forecast
http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.ukhttp://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk
58. AgrometeorologicalAgrometeorological MonitoringMonitoring
and Forecasts for Pest andand Forecasts for Pest and
Disease ControlDisease Control
Simone Orlandini
Department of Plant, Soil and Environmental Science
University of Florence
International Workshop on Addressing the Livelihood Crisis of Farmers
Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 12-14 July 2010
Thank you for your attention!!!
Thank you for your attention!!!