Rural Development In India Essay

New Market Penetration Strategy in Rural India
Team name: Two idiots
Institute IMT Ghaziabad
Team Members: Sankha Mandal: sankha78@gmail.com 9434134144 Udai Singh :
udai_singh@rediff.com 7838590282
Rural market– opportunities– "India lives in her villages", a maxim attributed to Mahatma Gandhi,
rings true when we see rural India retaining its old domination of the national population and
economy in its 627000 villages, even after six decades of a development model that cherishes
urbanization and industrialization. Close to 69% of Indians–743 million people or 138 million
households–live in rural areas, generating 56% of the national income. With urban markets showing
signs of saturation, companies are getting increasingly excited about the...show more content...
|
| Cigarettes |59 |Sewing machines |64 |
| Toilet soap |57 |Table fans |62 |
| Tea |53 |B&W TVs |57 |
| Washing powder |53 |Cassette recorders |53 |
| Talcum powder |44 |Motorcycles |49 |
| Toothpaste |38 |Scooters |30 |
| Electric bulbs |38 |Mixers/grinders |25 |
| Shampoo |25 |Washing machines |12 |
| Nail polish
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Rural Livelihood
National Civil Society Conference
What it takes to Eradicate Poverty
December 4 – 6, 2007
THE CHANGING FACES OF RURAL LIVELIHOODS IN INDIA
Theme Paper
Trends Shocks Seasonality Markets Credit Seasonal Migration Education Health Employment
Infrastructure
Source: NADEL–ETH, SDC – 2007 (adapted).
B.N. Hiremath Professor Institute of Rural Management, Anand
THE CHANGING FACES OF RURAL LIVELIHOODS IN INDIA
India is witnessing a series of changes since early nineties. Recently, the Sensex crossed 20,000
points and simultaneously India ranked in 94th out of 118 countries in the Global Hunger Index –
behind Ethiopia. Unprecedented numbers of farmer suicides, big corporate houses entering into
retail business, land allocation for Special...show more content...
During the Tenth Five Year Plan, gross domestic product (GDP) originating fromagriculture and
allied activities was 2.3 percent compared to 8.0 percent in the industrial sector and 9.5 percent
services sector. During this plan period, the growth in the agriculture and allied activities averaged
2.3 percent which is lower than that of 3.2 percent during the 1990s and 4.4 percent during the
1980s. Also, there is a shift from staples to cash crops which is the major reason for food insecurity.
From 1960–61 to 1998–99 the area under grain crops has gone down from 45 million hectares to
29.5 million hectares, area under cotton has increased from 7.6 to 9.3 million hectares and area
under sugarcane has increased from 2.4 to 4.1 million hectares. Since 1990–91, due to the new
economic policies, the area under food grains and coarse grains have declined by –2 and –18 percent
respectively while area under non–food cash crops such as cotton and sugar–cane have increased by
25 and 10 percent respectively. However, production of milk has increased from 84.4 m tonnes
(2001–02) to 97.1 m tonnes (2005–06). Production of eggs has increased from 38729 millions
(2001–02) to 46231 millions (2005) (Ghatak, 2007). Notwithstanding increased availability of milk,
fruits, vegetables, fish and other produce, the agricultural sector is facing the new challenges of
diminishing land resources, factor productivity

Rural Tourism in India
Rural Tourism and Rural Development.
Introduction:
Rural tourism in India:
Prospects for rural tourism in India:
Role in Rural development:
Conclusion:
Introduction: Indians believe in holidays: The country has among the largest number of public
holidays in the world. Yet the most common reason for getting away is to "visit a native place."
Migrant workers return to their family farms at harvest time. Others return to their villages for an
annual pilgrimage. The concept of a holiday where you let your hair down and relax has been
accepted only in recent years. (2) As India is Considered as "Land of Villages" world wide, it
villages which showcase India, Villagers in India manifest a deep loyalty to their village, identifying
...show more content...
The complex and highly competitive native of the current global economic situation demands a high
degree of efficiency. This in turn requires the application of advanced technology, the improvement
of managerial ability, and professionalism in the management of both agribusiness and rural tourism.
Appropriate technology, business information and promotion, and a sound marketing strategy all
have all become important components. Although, rural tourism is a new concept in India but in
Europe and other parts of the world it has been practiced since long as people want their children to
have first hand knowledge and experience of rural life. Countries having agriculture economy e.g.
Australia, Canada and the USA have Housing tourist spots in country side. Rural tourism may
include heritage tourism, Farm tourism, pilgrim tourism, adventure tourism, nature tourism or
folkways and ancient culture tourism. Specific potential areas for rural tourism is India may be
Gujrat, backwater of Keral, The Pubjabi cuisine, The Hills of U.P., Shanti Niketan in West Bangal,
dances and Folk songs of Orissa, The Nithyagram of Karnataka, The tribals of Bihar, Natural
beauty of Meghalaya, folk dances of Andhra Pradesh, Teej festival of Rajstan, mask dances of
Sikkim, the Holi of Nandagaon Barsana. Crafts and Culture of the Indian villages not only helps the
tourism industry but also

Essay On Rural India
Access to Internet is a prerequisite to go digital. But how many indians have the fortune of
possessing it? As per TRAI report, the figure is not more than 28 per cent of the population. Out of
36.74 core internet subscribers till September, 2016, 24.7 core of the connections are concentrated
only in cities. Urban India is way ahead with 61.9 internet subscriptions per 100 people while rural
India is struggling with 13.7 subscriptions per 100 people. Digital disparity is so high that Delhi
alone has 2.2 core internet connections while the entire North–East lags behind with just 4.3 lakh
connection. Half of the 3 core connections in Maharashtra are concentrated in Mumbai.
It is to be noted that urban population constitute only 32.7 per cent...show more content...
1.7 Awareness
Reaction is impulsive and rigorous in case of a threat. It is mild and lukewarm in case of an
opportunity. Same is the case with going cashless. Cyber security is one of the retarding factor
which can cast doubt in the mind of people, especially in those areas lagging behind in financial
literacy. The mass should be made aware of the benefits of going cashless. At the same time, they
should have the faith that their digital money is safe. India fares quite high in the United Nation's
Telecommunication Union's index of cyber security, placed in the' maturing category' at 23rd
position out of 165 nations. However, most of the ATMs in India still run on the outdated
Windows XP which is vulnerable and proned to cyber attacks. The case of 3.2 million debits of
Yes Bank, Axis Bank, HDFC, SBI, ICICI compromised last year makes cyber security a challenge
that need to be given due importance else people will not have the confidence to go digital.
1.8 Suggestions
1. Limit in cash withdrawal should be reinstated to restrict uncontrolled flow of cash back into the
system.
2. ATMs should be upgraded regularly to latest version of Windows.
3. Startups in smartphone sector should be encouraged by proving subsidies to local entrepreneur so
that these can be availed at reasonable price in the market which is now being dominated by the
Chinese manufacturers.
4. Projects like Bharatnet should be allocated maximum fund( an

India A Developing Country
India is a developing country. The factors hindering development of the country are many. Some of
them can be attributed to the low per capita income and larger chunk of the population living under
the poverty line. India is a country with poor people but with rich natural resources. It can be said
that the country's potential is either the human resource or the natural resources are not adequately
utilized to the maximum extent and that resulted in low per capita income. India is an agrarian
economy. The economy is marred with unemployment and under employment. Since the economy is
basically agrarian, disguised unemployment is also rampant among the farmer community. Apart
from the reasons mentioned, the money market as well as capital market witnessed the presence of
private moneylenders, landlords etc. They have acted as bankers for centuries and have amassed
major wealth from people of India that adversely affected capital formation. The need for a better
financial institution and credit infrastructure was thus felt necessary by the planning commission
when the five–year plans were initiated. An efficient banking system and well functioning capital
market, capable of mobilizing the savings &channeling them to productive uses, are essential if the
efforts at economic restructuring are to succeed. While both the banking systems and capital markets
have shown impressive growth in the volume of operations. Unless major reforms were initiated it
was difficult to

Rural Development Case Study
Case Study Of A Rural Development:
The Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project (ARISP) III
[pic]
By
LEONILA TANYAG
–CONRADO
2012
Table of Contents
Case Study Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
Objectives
Project Beneficiaries
Analysis of the project
Development Framework
Expected Outcomes
Recommendation for Sustainability
Sources
CASE STUDY ABSTRACT:
This case details the implementation of Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project (ARISP) III
in the province of Quezon 1. The vision of writer is to initially determine the effect of the on–going
implementation in the three selected sites which belong to the 5th class Municipalities in the
province. The...show more content...

It espouses the concept of integrated area development in agrarian reform communities wherein
basic infrastructure, organization/institutional, agricultural and enterprise development support are
combined to produce incremental growth in productivity and income among farmers.
Specifically, the Project will deliver basic support services to the presently underserved ARCs and
where possible, consolidate economic activities and organizations to cover more farmer
beneficiaries. As of December 2004, only 57% of the 1,617 ARCs have been effectively provided
with support services most of which were financed through Official Development Assistance (ODA)
due to national government budget shortage. ARISP III is designed to cover about 129 underserved
ARCs to unleash their growth potentials for agricultural production and agribusiness. It will also
support initial investments in promoting ARC connectivity by consolidating and marketing the
produce and products of a cluster of ARCs to increase value added and spread the benefits of
growth to a greater number of farmers.
In Quezon 1, the three ARCs covered by the project include ARC Bulihan in San Antonio, ARC
Carlagan in Burdeos and ARC Banadero–Libjo in Polillo, Quezon whose desired results are:
1. To increase average household income of about 700 farmer beneficiaries

India 's Indian Rural Market Essay
There is growing realization among marketers about the enormous untapped potential of India's
rural markets. The Indian rural market with its vast size and demand base offers great opportunities
to companies. In India, there are 6,42000 villages . While agriculture used to be the major source of
income in rural areas, over the past 10–12 years, the dominance of agriculture has been rapidly
declining. The contribution of agriculture to India's GDP was less than 20% in 2008–09. There is a
sizeable population of self–employed persons in the hinterland and quite a few of them are into
services such as repair and maintenance of motors and pump sets, televisions and other electrical
appliances, farm equipment, tractors and two wheelers. Some are also engaged in other services like
hospitality, transport, entertainment etc.
The Indian Rural Market
пѓ The Indian rural market is much larger when compared to the urban market in terms of
population and number of households, and also by way of geographic dispersal. The rural market
is the new driving force of the "Indian Consumption Story". With only 31.16% of the Indian
population living in urban areas and 68.84% residing in the villages (Census 2011), it is only a
matter of time before rural India takes its rightful place in the Indian growth story. Faced with a
threat of declining growth rates in future urban markets, businesses have started focusing on the
huge and relatively untapped rural Indian market. The major growth potential

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Rural Development
Implementation of Rural Development Programmes in India: Impediments and Possible Solutions
"The real India lives in the villages. Unless we are able to uplift the tribals and the backward classes
India faces a dark future". –––– Swami Vivekananda Introduction
India lives in villages and its development is synonymous with the development of people living rural
areas. India is a vast and second most populous country of the world. According to 2011 census
India's population is now about 4.2 billion, its annual growth rate is about 1.64%. About 68.84 % of
the country's population lives in rural areas where their work is mainly related to agriculture and its
allied activities like animal husbandry, dairying, forestry, fishery, etc. and cottage and
...show more
content...
on agriculture, stresses on food self–sufficiency and employment to the rural people as the top
priorities. Nevertheless, this food self–sufficiency is under strong constraints and handicaps,
particularly from the massive rural population growth which consequently leading to illiteracy,
ignorance, and backwardness. Besides, alarming also leading to land under cultivation is not only
diminishing but also gets further fragmented, ecology degraded, infrastructural facilities do not
match with the growth of rural population. This problem has been aggravated mainly by
demographic pressure which leads to a large number of very small fields of the country and poor
infrastructure facilities like water, electricity, transport, educational institutions, communication,
health, warehousing etc. Unless these problems are strategically attended and pragmatic efforts are
initiated, India, can't flourish its rural areas and communities. Keeping these in view, the present
paper tries to identify the impediments in implementing rural development programmes and
pragmatic efforts to overcome them for ensuring equitable and sustainable development in rural

Governance and Development in India: A Critique of Nehruvian Model
Dr. Nivedita Giri
Asst. Professor, Dept. of Political Science
Kalindi College, University of Delhi Despite over six decades of planning and impressive growth
in the Indian economy over the last two decades, the development scenario leaves a lot to desire.
The urban areas are somewhat better equipped for a reasonably decent life than the rural areas,
despite mushrooming slums. There are several explanations and theories on the poor state of
development in India.
This paper makes an attempt to understand the concept of governance and development, and their
correlation. The Nehruvian model of development prescribes the four pillars for this, they are:
Parliamentary democracy, secularism, economic planning, and a welfare state. Nehru had laid the
foundations for the economic growth of the nation as the first Prime Minister of the country,
though four per cent growth in his era was ridiculed as a 'Hindu rate of growth', his regime should
be appreciated for giving the proper direction to the new nation. His model is so profound and
practicable that it is still relevant today even after economic liberalization. Since 1990s, India has
undergone major changes introduced in the form of economic reforms. On the one hand, while a
centralized interventionist state has been challenged by an increasingly decentralized and regulatory
state, on the other, the growing importance of free market economy has forced its vast

The Development Of Rural Development
Rural development can be referred to as actions and initiatives to improve the socio–economic life in
villages and non–urban neighborhoods. It involves provision of social, physical, and institutional
infrastructural facilities. Agricultural development is transforming from a traditional level to a
market oriented one. According to Okonkwor (1987), agricultural development is a process of
change not fully from the traditional and subsistence mode to more productive and commercialized
enterprises but also the transformation of the people who engage in it. Infrastructural facilities help
in transforming the economy. According to an inaugural Africa rural development forum, countries
that have developed their rural infrastructure have...show more content...
Availability of infrastructural facilities improves agricultural development, which helps to reduce
poverty. There are some international agencies that help in improving quality of lives and alleviating
poverty by providing funds and through programs. Social, physical and institutional infrastructural
facilities promote rural development, which improves socio–economic life. In sub–Saharan Africa,
about 70 per cent of the population has limited or no access to electricity hindering socioeconomic
development,. The economic development of a country depends on the quantity and quality of its
resources, the state of technology and the efficient deployment of resources in both the production
and consumption processes (Fapohunda, 1979). According to World Food Summit, roads, electricity,
supplies, telecommunications and other infrastructure services are limited in all rural areas, although
they are of key importance to stimulate agricultural investment and growth. In recent years, there
has been a belief that the differences in growth between the successful East Asian economies and
other parts of the developing world can be explained by failure to invest sufficiently in
infrastructure (Estache and Fay, 2007). These facilities can be good water supply, education, health
care and power supply. Availability of these resources will increase job opportunities and increase
income. If infrastructures are improved in a

Role Of Infrastructure And Rural Development
Research Question For my dissertation, I am to examine The Role of Infrastructure and Rural
Development in Explaining the Banking–Growth Nexus in India: Evidence from State Level
Data.The relation between financial development and economic growth has been under debate for a
long time, despite there being evidences of financial and banking sector devolvement playing an
important role in economic development the evidences from within the developing economies is
rather mixed. Literature Review Economists hold different opinions regarding the role of finance in
economic growth and development. The question of whether or not financial development affects
economic activity has attracted a lot of attention in many different previous and current research.
Many different notions regarding the importance of the financial system for economic growth are
held by economists. It was argues by Bagehot (1873) and Hicks (1969) that the financial system
played a crucial role in igniting industrialization in England by facilitating the mobilization of capital
for 'immense works', this argument was also supported by Levine (1997) when he says that "the
industrial revolution had to wait for the financial revolution." Schumpeter (1912) emphasis on the
fact that well–functioning bank can lead to technological innovation by identifying and funding
those entrepreneurs who can be successful in implementing new production processes and
innovative products. In the recent past, endogenous growth

Social Entrepreneurship And The Rural Sector
Social Entrepreneurship a boom to Rural Sector
Abstract
Villages comprise the base of Indian society and also represent the real India. It is for these
villagers that we need to make sure we build a system that delivers basic social infrastructure in an
effective manner. In order to ensure that the fruits of India 's progress are shared by all sections of
the society, the government has identified several elements of social and economic infrastructure,
critical to the quality of life in rural areas. Its rising middle class demands more than just bread.
Food and agricultural operators based in India and abroad are responding to the country's demands
with an array of high–quality food products that contribute to India's increasing nutritional
requirements and add value to India's agricultural supply chain. However even today there are
disparities of development between the rural and the urban sector. In spite of planning, however, the
regional disparity remained a serious problem in India. A new controversy in this respect is whether
growth rates and standard of living in different regions would eventually converge or not. The
convergence postulates that when the growth rate of an economy accelerates, initially some regions
with better resources would grow faster than others. But after sometime, when the law of diminishing
marginal returns set in, first growth rates would converge, due to differential marginal productivity
of capital (higher in poorer regions and lower in

Rural Development in India
Rural Development In India
India has been a welfare state ever since her Independence and the primary objective of all
governmental endeavors has been the welfare of its millions. Planning has been one of the pillars of
the Indian policy since independence and the country's strength is derived from the achievement of
planning. The policies and programmes have been designed with the aim of alleviation of rural
poverty which has been one of the primary objectives of planned development in India. It was
realized that a sustainable strategy of poverty alleviation has to be based on increasing the productive
employment opportunities in the process of growth itself. Elimination of poverty, ignorance,
diseases and inequality of...show more content...
These are health education drinking water, housing and roads. To impart greater momentum to the
efforts in these sectors the Government had launched the Pradhan Mantri Gramdoya Yojana
(PMGY) and the ministry of rural development was entrusted with the responsibility of
implementing drinking water, housing and rural roads component of PMGY During the Ninth Plan
period, several anti–poverty Programmes have been restructured to enhance the efficiency of the
Programmes for providing increased benefits to the rural poor. Self Employment Programmes have
been revamped by merging the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP), the Development
of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), the Supply of Improved Tool
–Kits to Rural
Artisans (SITRA), the Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM), the Ganga Kalyan
Yojana (GKY) and the Million Wells Scheme (MWS) into a holistic self–employment scheme called
Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY). Keeping in view the needs and aspirations of the
local people, Panchayati Raj Institutions have been involved in the programme implementation and
these institutions constitute the core of decentralized development of planning and its
implementations. The Ministry is also vigorously pursuing with the State Governments for
expeditious devolution of requisite administrative and financial powers to PRI's as envisaged under
73rd amendment act of the

Essay On Growth Of India
spirations of its young population. India is one of the youngest nations in the world where the ratio
of youth is higher in its population, with more than 54% of the entire population under 25 years of
age and over 62% of the population inside the working age group (15–59) in According to the census
2011India}. The country's population pyramid is anticipated to bulge across the 15–59 age groups
over the next decade. This demographic advantage is predicted to last only until 2040. A World
Bank report states that India is one of the few countries where working population continues to
grow till 2050 [7]. With an annual addition of 9.25 million jobs per year, over 37 million jobs are
expected to be created from 2012–13 through 2016–17 [8]....show more content...
There have been efforts on the part of the state and Centre government through Ministry of Rural
improvement to skill and train youths under diverse government schemes. However, most of those
schemes are restrained to the youths beneath Poverty Line (BPL). There should be equal
opportunities for all the people residing in rural areas. Every job aspirant should be given equal
importance and would be given training in soft skills to lead a proper and decent life. For the
Balanced growth in all the sectors the Goal of national policy and programs on skill improvement
have has to diversification of economic activities, minimizing the dependence of rural households on
agriculture and bringing approximately a sizable increase in the share in both output and
employment of allied activities, rural industries, business and provider components of the
agricultural economic system.
To bring about a fast and sustainable economic development thru diverse reforms, the rural
development initiatives should sharply cognizance on human's participation and rural corporations
as the key attributes for their success followed through equally important elements, idea of integrated
development, growth center technique, planning process technique, communication system to

Developing Rural Finance in India
1. Abstract: Rural Finance is about providing financial services for people living in rural areas. It
comprises credit, savings and insurance in rural areas, whether provided through formal or informal
mechanisms. Financial Development can exert a significant influence on the distribution of Income.
In this paper, using Indian rural financial programs implemented by various financial institutions like
NABARD, IFAD, SHC, etc. we investigated the various reforms / developments in Indian rural
financial system. The investigation shows that, despite positive economic development in India in
recent years, the number of people living below the poverty line has decreased only slightly. 2.
Keywords: Credit, Savings, Insurance, Rural Finance,...show more content...
"Everything else can wait, but not agriculture." Chidambaram admits that his government's true
challenge is not only to come up with the right policies and programs but "to deliver the intended
outcomes" in Budget 2007. According to an analysis done for ET by Rajesh Shukla, senior fellow
at the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), the combined share of industry
and services in rural GDP has risen to 58.4% in the current fiscal from 48.6% in 1999–2000 on the
back of strong growth in these sectors in the past five years while the share of agriculture slipped
to 41.6%. The contribution of industry, the most robust of all rural sectors, to the rural economy
is 30.2% in the current fiscal year while services account for 28.2%. Mukul G Asher, Professor of
Public policy and Azad Bali an instructor at Lee Kuan Yew School of the public Policy, national
University of Singapore By early February 2009, the center had released just 59% of the funds
allocated for 2008–09 under the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) and 57% of the funds
granted under the National Food Security Mission (NFSM). This reflects poorly on the priorities of
the UPA Government. Credit Analysis & Research Ltd. (CARE) in its newsletter published None of
the sectors (except mining and quarrying) managed to remain immune from the lag effects of the
tightening monetary policy during FY08 and global and
4
domestic economic slump. Agriculture sector – having

India 's Development And Growth Essay
Background: India is one of the most popular countries in the world. Geographically, India is
located at the south of the Asian continent. India's development and growth has been one of the
most significant accomplishments in recent times. India neighboring countries include Pakistan,
Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Bhutan. The size of the population in India is
1,266,883,598 and the Territorial size of the country is 3, 287, 263 sq. km (The World Factbook,
2016). The prime minister of India is known as Narendra Modi who is the leader of the majority
party in Lok Sabha and is currently the head of the Council of ministers in India. India's political
party that is in power right now is Bharatiya Janata Party. The Bharatiya Janata Party, was first
founded by Shyama Mukherjee in 1953 with the main purpose of safeguarding the Hindu interests
in India (The World Factbook, 2016). India is becoming more of an open market economy. While
most emerging nations were have struggled mightily against the strong U.S. dollar and falling
commodity prices, India continues to lead. The view for India's long–term growth is positive due to
the staggering young population and corresponding low dependency ratio (World Factbook, 2016).
For example healthy savings, investment rates, and increasing integration play a role in the global
economy. India being the 4th largest economy in the world, India has bought about a landmark
agricultural revolution that has changed the country

The Development Of Rural Development
3.2 Rural Development
According to Oyeleye, D.A.(1987) he defines rural development as process in which development in
social infrastructures such as better roads, water supply, electricity, schools and hospitals spreads out
from the urban centres or communities and moves into the rural villages and communities.
Abumere S.I. (2002) stated that if rural development is defined as a means to help improve the
physical, cultural, social and economic status or life of the rural people then that means that
infrastructures such as roads, clean water, electricity, telecommunication and other facilities must be
carefully planned and delivered to the rural people in a consistent manner. It doesn't matter whether
these infrastructures are built from the urban centres and move into the rural areas or vice versa. The
delivery mechanisms must be very consistent.
Inorder for any country to develope and progress both socially and economically, it must have the
necessary infrastructures that are needed to facilitate such development, in both urban and rural
areas of the country.
However studies have shown that in most developing countries, rural areas/villages are mostly
neglected therefore these rural areas don't have these basic infrastructures that are needed for
development. Therefore there is a huge demand for building infrastructures into rural areas.
That is very true for Papua New Guinea where the bulks of the population live in the rural areas. The
Gena villagers are one of the

Rural Development In India Essay

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