Running Head: 1
Topic Name 4
Topic Name
Student’s Name:
Professor’s Name:
Date:
PART 1:
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
PART 2; mini-security policy
References
TOBACCO 21 LAW 5
Although tobacco is legalized by law, it is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Tobacco control efforts have recently been geared towards raising the minimum age of legally purchasing tobacco to 21 years. This is to raise tobacco-free children and consequently reduce the number of deaths resulting from tobacco use. Raising the age limit is justified because those that are 21 and above are less likely to be hanging out with those that are under 18 years; this reduces the teen’s access to tobacco. Secondly, it would reduce the difficulty in telling whether the buyers are underage which consequently reduces illegal sales. Thirdly, a high percentage (94%) of adult smokers first experimented before the age of 21 years and 81% before the age of 18 years (Huang et al, 2018). It is expected that the raise will have similar effects as those experienced with alcohol. In alcohol, it led to reduced alcohol consumption among the youth, reduced drunk driving fatalities and reduced alcohol dependency.
Background
The negative impact of nicotine has necessitated the implementation of this law because nicotine companies usually target young adults as their key market. This has led to an increase in the number of dependency smokers in their adulthood. Research has shown that every day an approximate of 350 teenagers under the age of 18 years become regular smokers. One in every three will die as a result of smoking (Huang et al, 2018). It is the responsibility of the government and the public, in general, to protect the youth from smoking and consequently save lives. Eleven states have joined in on the Tobacco 21 law and raised the age limit to 21 years. They are Arkansas, California, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Oregon, New Jersey, Virginia, Utah, and Washington.
History of Tobacco Law 21
Many countries throughout the world have raised the minimum legal age for the purchase and use of tobacco. This includes Singapore, Honduras, Kuwait, Samoa, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, and Uganda. In Singapore however, it began to be raised in January 2019 to 19 years, and the age will be raised progressively to 21 years by 2021 (Amul & Pang, 2018). In some countries, the implementation was difficult at the begging due to resistance and lack of compliance. However, there are countries such as Uganda where compliance was not a problem. After a specific period, the compliance rates increased, and the countries started to experience the positive impact of the legislation (Adebiyi & Oluwafemi, 2018). It led to a reduction in the number of smoking youths, and this is expected to be projected in the future for adults. The number of deaths as.
Impact of the 2009 Tobacco Act on the access and consumption of itMalikPinckney86
Impact of the 2009 Tobacco Act on the access and consumption of it by young adults in Miami-Dade County of the State of FLORIDA.
Chapter One Introduction
Despite a substantial decline in the number of people who smoke, tobacco use remains the leading cause of chronic illness and death in the United States today, as it has been for decades. The Tobacco Control Law; It is the law in the United States that was passed to provide some regulations and restrictions on the use and consumption of tobacco. It was signed and approved by President Barack Obama on June 22, 2009. The main objective of the law was to make various modifications and regulations on the consumption and sale of tobacco. The law has achieved several achievements and implementations in the maintenance and regulation of the consumption and use of tobacco in the United States. Since the implementation period, it has created tobacco awareness through the packaging of tobacco products. Thanks to awareness, tobacco use has been minimized, this law regulates the manufacture, distribution and marketing of tobacco products in order to protect the public and create a healthier future. After voters passed a constitutional amendment that bans smoking in workplaces and restaurants, but not in bars, the state of Florida became one of the first to adopt smoke-free policies in the United States (Grattan, Schmitt and Porter, 2020). Local efforts to protect people from secondhand smoke continued after the law was passed in other areas. For example, are there smoke-free policies or tobacco in 28 Florida colleges and universities. In addition, the state's 16 public housing authorities have adopted a smoke-free policy (Nonnemaker et.al, 2021). Tobacco prevention and control activities are a public health problem in the state of Florida, as evidence-based state tobacco control programs have led to fewer smokers, fewer illnesses and fewer deaths tobacco related.
1.1 Research problem
In the state of Florida, most adults are addicted to cigarettes and become daily smokers before the age of 18. The sooner a person becomes addicted to tobacco products, the longer they will be exposed to hundreds of harmful chemicals (Martinasek et. Al, 2015). While it is certainly beneficial, concentrating most of the preventive effort through the Tobacco Law, as has been done in the last decade, proper implementation is necessary since its designed intention is to protect young adults with high consumption of tobacco. tobacco.
1.2 Justification and relevance of the study
Youth and adult smoking behavior has increased due to access and exposure to tobacco products in shops in their daily lives. The tobacco law provides us with information on particular conditions that affect public health, referring to the Florida Statutes of 2011 Part II that addresses indoor air and tobacco smoke (Florida Senate, 2021). The law has gained momentum throughout Florida as a statewide campaign that seeks to raise awareness with the ...
Chapter 5 5. Eaton Tool Company has fixed costs of $255,000,.docxchristinemaritza
Chapter 5
5. Eaton Tool Company has fixed costs of $255,000, sells its units for $66, and has variable costs of $36 per unit.
Break-even analysis
(LO5-2)
a. Compute the break-even point.
b. Ms. Eaton comes up with a new plan to cut fixed costs to $200,000. However, more labor will now be required, which will increase variable costs per unit to $39. The sales price will remain at $66. What is the new break-even point?
c. Under the new plan, what is likely to happen to profitability at very high volume levels (compared to the old plan)?
10. The Sterling Tire Company’s income statement for 2013 is as follows:
Degree of leverage
(LO5-2 & 5-5)
STERLING TIRE COMPANY
Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2013
Sales (20,000 tires at $60 each)
$1,200,000
Less: Variable costs (20,000 tires at $30)
600,000
Fixed costs
400,000
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)
$ 200,000
Interest expense
50,000
Earnings before taxes (EBT)
$ 150,000
Income tax expense (30%)
45,000
Earnings after taxes (EAT)
$ 105,000
Given this income statement, compute the following:
a. Degree of operating leverage.
b. Degree of financial leverage.
c. Degree of combined leverage.
d. Break-even point in units.
14. International Data Systems information on revenue and costs is only relevant up to a sales volume of 105,000 units. After 105,000 units, the market becomes saturated and the price per unit falls from $14.00 to $8.80. Also, there are cost overruns at a production volume of over 105,000 units, and variable cost per unit goes up from $7.00 to $8.00. Fixed costs remain the same at $55,000.
Nonlinear breakeven analysis
(LO5-2)
a. Compute operating income at 105,000 units.
b. Compute operating income at 205,000 units.
Chapter 6
Short-term versus longer-term borrowing
(LO6-3)
Intermediate Problems
9. Sauer Food Company has decided to buy a new computer system with an expected life of three years. The cost is $150,000. The company can borrow $150,000 for three years at 10 percent annual interest or for one year at 8 percent annual interest.
BCJ 4101, Police and Community Relations 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
9. Analyze violence, crime, and vandalism in schools.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 11:
Community Policing and Drugs
Chapter 12:
Bringing Youths into Community Policing
Unit Lesson
There are many correlations to crime. Correlations of crime include factors such as poverty, unemployment,
mental illness, IQ, and substance abuse. Many studies have been devoted to looking specifically at the
connection between drugs and crime. Youth throughout the entire United States are surveyed annually to
assess their initial and continued exposure to drugs through self, friends, and/or family use. Data describing
drug use across age groups report alarming trends. For example, more than half of young adults will have
tried at ...
This document discusses three cases involving issues in healthcare organizations that led to negative patient outcomes or violations of policies/laws. The first case involves a medication error and lack of patient monitoring at a hospital that led to a patient's disability. The second case involves potential insurance fraud at an insurance company where medical decisions were made without proper review of patient records. The third case discusses extremely long wait times at a veterans hospital that led to deaths, and an attempt to hide wait time data. The document provides these cases as options for an assignment analyzing organizational structures, policies, ethics, and laws to develop a risk management or compliance plan to address the issues and prevent future occurrences.
This document discusses policies to prevent youth smoking in Colorado. It notes that tobacco kills over 4,400 people in Colorado each year, and 80-90% of smokers start by age 18. The tobacco industry spends over $12.5 billion annually on marketing, including $170.7 million in Colorado. New nicotine products like e-cigarettes are also increasing in popularity among youth. The document proposes several policy options to reduce youth access and initiation, including increasing cigarette taxes, enacting retailer licensing laws, restricting flavored products and sales near schools, and updating the tobacco-free schools law. There is strong evidence that limiting youth access through these types of policies can effectively reduce smoking rates.
BCJ 2002, Theory and Practices of Corrections 1 Cour.docxikirkton
BCJ 2002, Theory and Practices of Corrections 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Define terms related to corrections.
1.1 Define terms related to sentencing and diversion.
2. Assess the purpose, implementations, and effectiveness of corrections.
2.1 Identify the seven goals of criminal sentencing.
2.2 Examine the concept of diversion.
2.3 Analyze the concept of probation and the job of the probation officer.
8. Appraise the legal rights of inmates and the use of capital punishment.
8.1 Discuss various landmark cases referenced in the book and how they
apply to the current correctional system.
8.2 Match various landmark cases to their outcomes.
Unit Lesson
The general public has an expectation that those people that cannot conform to the
basic rules and law of society be punished for their lack of regard for the law. The
concept of punishment versus reform is one that has been constantly debated for
hundreds of years. In this unit, we discuss the goals of sentencing as they relate to
punishment.
There are seven goals of punishment that you need to understand in this unit. They
are as follows:
revenge,
retribution,
just deserts,
deterrence,
incapacitation,
rehabilitation or reformation, and
restoration.
There are also five sentencing options available to the offender:
fines and other monetary sanctions,
probation,
intermediate sanctions,
incarceration, and
death penalty.
One question we need to ask ourselves is, “do the five sentencing options fit into the
seven goals of punishment?” The death penalty does provide revenge, but does it
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 3:
Sentencing: To Punish or
to Reform?
Chapter 4:
Diversion and Probation:
How Most Offenders are
Punished
Learning Activities
(Non-Graded)
See information below.
Key Terms
1. Absconding
2. Conditional diversion
3. Correctional
econometrics
4. Determinate
sentencing
5. Diversion
6. Equity
7. Just deserts
8. Mandatory
sentencing
9. Restorative justice
10. Revocation hearing
11. Social debt
12. Unconditional
diversion
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Sentencing, Diversion, and Sanctions
BCJ 2002, Theory and Practices of Corrections 2
provide deterrence? Most would say that it does not provide any deterrence at all.
People are still committing crimes that justify the use of the death penalty in every
state in the country. When we look further into criminal activity like sex crimes, or more
specifically Internet sting operations where law enforcement makes contact with
individuals seeking to engage in sexual acts with minors, we see that the threat of
incarceration and years of probation have no effect on the goals of deterrence or
reform. The shame associated with being displayed on the television show “To Catch
a Predator” would seem to provide some sort ...
The document discusses identifying global tobacco control research priorities related to implementing provisions of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). It describes a process led by the U.S. National Cancer Institute to develop papers on priority research needs for 7 areas of the FCTC, including protection from secondhand smoke, regulating product contents and disclosures, packaging and labeling, taxation and pricing, and eliminating illicit trade. Key research priorities identified include improved exposure assessment of secondhand and thirdhand smoke, determining optimal levels for regulating toxicants in tobacco products, and evaluating the public health impacts of taxation and pricing policies on consumption.
This document discusses progress toward ending the tobacco epidemic in the United States. It outlines key challenges like the health burden of tobacco use and industry marketing. It also highlights recent legislative actions that provide tools to reduce tobacco use, like increasing cigarette taxes, granting FDA regulatory authority, and expanding insurance coverage for cessation services. The document presents an HHS strategic plan to achieve Healthy People 2020 tobacco control objectives through actions like coordinating federal efforts, supporting state programs, changing social norms, and advancing research.
Impact of the 2009 Tobacco Act on the access and consumption of itMalikPinckney86
Impact of the 2009 Tobacco Act on the access and consumption of it by young adults in Miami-Dade County of the State of FLORIDA.
Chapter One Introduction
Despite a substantial decline in the number of people who smoke, tobacco use remains the leading cause of chronic illness and death in the United States today, as it has been for decades. The Tobacco Control Law; It is the law in the United States that was passed to provide some regulations and restrictions on the use and consumption of tobacco. It was signed and approved by President Barack Obama on June 22, 2009. The main objective of the law was to make various modifications and regulations on the consumption and sale of tobacco. The law has achieved several achievements and implementations in the maintenance and regulation of the consumption and use of tobacco in the United States. Since the implementation period, it has created tobacco awareness through the packaging of tobacco products. Thanks to awareness, tobacco use has been minimized, this law regulates the manufacture, distribution and marketing of tobacco products in order to protect the public and create a healthier future. After voters passed a constitutional amendment that bans smoking in workplaces and restaurants, but not in bars, the state of Florida became one of the first to adopt smoke-free policies in the United States (Grattan, Schmitt and Porter, 2020). Local efforts to protect people from secondhand smoke continued after the law was passed in other areas. For example, are there smoke-free policies or tobacco in 28 Florida colleges and universities. In addition, the state's 16 public housing authorities have adopted a smoke-free policy (Nonnemaker et.al, 2021). Tobacco prevention and control activities are a public health problem in the state of Florida, as evidence-based state tobacco control programs have led to fewer smokers, fewer illnesses and fewer deaths tobacco related.
1.1 Research problem
In the state of Florida, most adults are addicted to cigarettes and become daily smokers before the age of 18. The sooner a person becomes addicted to tobacco products, the longer they will be exposed to hundreds of harmful chemicals (Martinasek et. Al, 2015). While it is certainly beneficial, concentrating most of the preventive effort through the Tobacco Law, as has been done in the last decade, proper implementation is necessary since its designed intention is to protect young adults with high consumption of tobacco. tobacco.
1.2 Justification and relevance of the study
Youth and adult smoking behavior has increased due to access and exposure to tobacco products in shops in their daily lives. The tobacco law provides us with information on particular conditions that affect public health, referring to the Florida Statutes of 2011 Part II that addresses indoor air and tobacco smoke (Florida Senate, 2021). The law has gained momentum throughout Florida as a statewide campaign that seeks to raise awareness with the ...
Chapter 5 5. Eaton Tool Company has fixed costs of $255,000,.docxchristinemaritza
Chapter 5
5. Eaton Tool Company has fixed costs of $255,000, sells its units for $66, and has variable costs of $36 per unit.
Break-even analysis
(LO5-2)
a. Compute the break-even point.
b. Ms. Eaton comes up with a new plan to cut fixed costs to $200,000. However, more labor will now be required, which will increase variable costs per unit to $39. The sales price will remain at $66. What is the new break-even point?
c. Under the new plan, what is likely to happen to profitability at very high volume levels (compared to the old plan)?
10. The Sterling Tire Company’s income statement for 2013 is as follows:
Degree of leverage
(LO5-2 & 5-5)
STERLING TIRE COMPANY
Income Statement
For the Year Ended December 31, 2013
Sales (20,000 tires at $60 each)
$1,200,000
Less: Variable costs (20,000 tires at $30)
600,000
Fixed costs
400,000
Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)
$ 200,000
Interest expense
50,000
Earnings before taxes (EBT)
$ 150,000
Income tax expense (30%)
45,000
Earnings after taxes (EAT)
$ 105,000
Given this income statement, compute the following:
a. Degree of operating leverage.
b. Degree of financial leverage.
c. Degree of combined leverage.
d. Break-even point in units.
14. International Data Systems information on revenue and costs is only relevant up to a sales volume of 105,000 units. After 105,000 units, the market becomes saturated and the price per unit falls from $14.00 to $8.80. Also, there are cost overruns at a production volume of over 105,000 units, and variable cost per unit goes up from $7.00 to $8.00. Fixed costs remain the same at $55,000.
Nonlinear breakeven analysis
(LO5-2)
a. Compute operating income at 105,000 units.
b. Compute operating income at 205,000 units.
Chapter 6
Short-term versus longer-term borrowing
(LO6-3)
Intermediate Problems
9. Sauer Food Company has decided to buy a new computer system with an expected life of three years. The cost is $150,000. The company can borrow $150,000 for three years at 10 percent annual interest or for one year at 8 percent annual interest.
BCJ 4101, Police and Community Relations 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
9. Analyze violence, crime, and vandalism in schools.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 11:
Community Policing and Drugs
Chapter 12:
Bringing Youths into Community Policing
Unit Lesson
There are many correlations to crime. Correlations of crime include factors such as poverty, unemployment,
mental illness, IQ, and substance abuse. Many studies have been devoted to looking specifically at the
connection between drugs and crime. Youth throughout the entire United States are surveyed annually to
assess their initial and continued exposure to drugs through self, friends, and/or family use. Data describing
drug use across age groups report alarming trends. For example, more than half of young adults will have
tried at ...
This document discusses three cases involving issues in healthcare organizations that led to negative patient outcomes or violations of policies/laws. The first case involves a medication error and lack of patient monitoring at a hospital that led to a patient's disability. The second case involves potential insurance fraud at an insurance company where medical decisions were made without proper review of patient records. The third case discusses extremely long wait times at a veterans hospital that led to deaths, and an attempt to hide wait time data. The document provides these cases as options for an assignment analyzing organizational structures, policies, ethics, and laws to develop a risk management or compliance plan to address the issues and prevent future occurrences.
This document discusses policies to prevent youth smoking in Colorado. It notes that tobacco kills over 4,400 people in Colorado each year, and 80-90% of smokers start by age 18. The tobacco industry spends over $12.5 billion annually on marketing, including $170.7 million in Colorado. New nicotine products like e-cigarettes are also increasing in popularity among youth. The document proposes several policy options to reduce youth access and initiation, including increasing cigarette taxes, enacting retailer licensing laws, restricting flavored products and sales near schools, and updating the tobacco-free schools law. There is strong evidence that limiting youth access through these types of policies can effectively reduce smoking rates.
BCJ 2002, Theory and Practices of Corrections 1 Cour.docxikirkton
BCJ 2002, Theory and Practices of Corrections 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Define terms related to corrections.
1.1 Define terms related to sentencing and diversion.
2. Assess the purpose, implementations, and effectiveness of corrections.
2.1 Identify the seven goals of criminal sentencing.
2.2 Examine the concept of diversion.
2.3 Analyze the concept of probation and the job of the probation officer.
8. Appraise the legal rights of inmates and the use of capital punishment.
8.1 Discuss various landmark cases referenced in the book and how they
apply to the current correctional system.
8.2 Match various landmark cases to their outcomes.
Unit Lesson
The general public has an expectation that those people that cannot conform to the
basic rules and law of society be punished for their lack of regard for the law. The
concept of punishment versus reform is one that has been constantly debated for
hundreds of years. In this unit, we discuss the goals of sentencing as they relate to
punishment.
There are seven goals of punishment that you need to understand in this unit. They
are as follows:
revenge,
retribution,
just deserts,
deterrence,
incapacitation,
rehabilitation or reformation, and
restoration.
There are also five sentencing options available to the offender:
fines and other monetary sanctions,
probation,
intermediate sanctions,
incarceration, and
death penalty.
One question we need to ask ourselves is, “do the five sentencing options fit into the
seven goals of punishment?” The death penalty does provide revenge, but does it
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 3:
Sentencing: To Punish or
to Reform?
Chapter 4:
Diversion and Probation:
How Most Offenders are
Punished
Learning Activities
(Non-Graded)
See information below.
Key Terms
1. Absconding
2. Conditional diversion
3. Correctional
econometrics
4. Determinate
sentencing
5. Diversion
6. Equity
7. Just deserts
8. Mandatory
sentencing
9. Restorative justice
10. Revocation hearing
11. Social debt
12. Unconditional
diversion
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Sentencing, Diversion, and Sanctions
BCJ 2002, Theory and Practices of Corrections 2
provide deterrence? Most would say that it does not provide any deterrence at all.
People are still committing crimes that justify the use of the death penalty in every
state in the country. When we look further into criminal activity like sex crimes, or more
specifically Internet sting operations where law enforcement makes contact with
individuals seeking to engage in sexual acts with minors, we see that the threat of
incarceration and years of probation have no effect on the goals of deterrence or
reform. The shame associated with being displayed on the television show “To Catch
a Predator” would seem to provide some sort ...
The document discusses identifying global tobacco control research priorities related to implementing provisions of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). It describes a process led by the U.S. National Cancer Institute to develop papers on priority research needs for 7 areas of the FCTC, including protection from secondhand smoke, regulating product contents and disclosures, packaging and labeling, taxation and pricing, and eliminating illicit trade. Key research priorities identified include improved exposure assessment of secondhand and thirdhand smoke, determining optimal levels for regulating toxicants in tobacco products, and evaluating the public health impacts of taxation and pricing policies on consumption.
This document discusses progress toward ending the tobacco epidemic in the United States. It outlines key challenges like the health burden of tobacco use and industry marketing. It also highlights recent legislative actions that provide tools to reduce tobacco use, like increasing cigarette taxes, granting FDA regulatory authority, and expanding insurance coverage for cessation services. The document presents an HHS strategic plan to achieve Healthy People 2020 tobacco control objectives through actions like coordinating federal efforts, supporting state programs, changing social norms, and advancing research.
1 Unit 5 Assignment Local, National, and G.docxaryan532920
1
Unit 5 Assignment:
Local, National, and Global Public Health Approaches
Unit Outcomes addressed in this Assignment:
• Design strategies for continuous quality improvement in public health.
• Identify strategies for promoting health equity.
Course Outcomes assessed in this Assignment:
PU500-4: Describe how public health practice addresses health concerns locally,
nationally, and globally.
Introduction:
This Assignment builds upon your work started in the Unit 3 Looking Ahead. In the Unit 5
Assignment, you will:
● Describe how public health practice addresses health concerns locally, nationally,
and globally.
● Leverage policies and laws to address public health issues.
● Apply the strategic planning process to resolve a health problem.
To reach these learning goals, this Assignment guides you through the completion of two
critical parts of this project:
● Part 1 - SWOT Analysis
● Part 2 - Evaluation of strategic planning process and related policies/laws
You will finalize both sections of your Unit 5 Assignment and submit as one document to the
Dropbox for grading.
2
Instructions:
Part 1 - SWOT Analysis:
Using the table below, you will apply strategic planning techniques to evaluate selected
local, national, and global health issues. You identified these issues in the Unit 3 Looking
Ahead. You will expand your analysis of the policies and laws by conducting a SWOT
analysis.
● First column: Please use the “Level & Issue” column to note a brief overview of the
issue at the particular level.
● Second column: This column does not need editing, as it organizes the rest of the
chart by SWOT element.
● Third column: You should list at least three items per SWOT component for each
level--one sentence per item will suffice.
● Fourth column: You will integrate the Unit 3 Looking Ahead coursework into this
column.
● Fifth column: Notate your sources in this column.
Level & Issue SWOT SWOT
Components
Related
Health
Policy/Law
Citation(s)
Local Level: [Insert 1-
2 sentence summary of
health issue here]
Strengths ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Weaknesses ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Opportunities ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
3
Threats ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
National Level: [Insert
1-2 sentence summary
of health issue here]
Strengths ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Weaknesses ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Opportunities ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Threats ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Global Level: [Insert 1-
2 sentence summary of
health issue here]
Strengths ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Weaknesses ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Opportunities ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Threats ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
4
Part 2 - Strategic Planning:
You will gather your notes for each SWOT analysis and present a “Discussion” section in
which you describe how public health practi ...
The document discusses healthcare reform and its potential repeal. It notes that while repeal seems out of reach currently, many aspects of the law have already taken effect. These include eliminating pre-existing condition exclusions for children, covering dependents until age 26, and minimum loss ratios for insurance companies. The document also discusses the costs and implementation of state health insurance exchanges. It provides the perspective of the author who has advised on the impacts of healthcare reform.
Reducing Tobacco Use Among Adolescents Using Social Cognitive Theory and Soci...Shauna Ayres, MPH, CHES
This document discusses reducing tobacco use among adolescents using Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Social Network Theory (SNT). It summarizes key aspects of SCT, including its focus on personal, behavioral, and environmental factors that influence health behaviors. Studies discussed found targeting self-efficacy, normative beliefs, and intentions through programs and policies were effective in preventing or reducing tobacco use. The document suggests using a multi-strategy approach incorporating several SCT constructs is most effective for interventions.
Benefits and Challenges of Generating Community ParticipationChantellPantoja184
Benefits and Challenges of Generating Community Participation
Leonard A. Jason
DePaul University
This article conveys important and useful information that practitioners can apply in their day-to-day
professional lives by including citizen– consumer– client participation in their work. Three collaborative
action projects are described that yielded significant benefits both for local communities and broader
policy. These interventions, which were on topics as diverse as tobacco use among youth, recidivism
among substance abusers, and chronic fatigue syndrome, were greatly enhanced by the involvement of
citizens. The case studies are presented in such a way that the reader has a sense of how, when, and in
what ways the interventions were collaborative as well as what the outcomes have been vis-à-vis public
policy. The article is intended to encourage professional psychologists to collaborate more fully with
community groups in efforts to expand and improve behavioral health services and policies.
Keywords: citizen participation, public policy, collaboration, community psychology
You might ask why practitioners would be interested in activity
involving community members in their work. With busy practices,
multiple obligations, and an increasingly hectic work world, add-
ing another set of responsibilities might seem to be burdensome
and even counterproductive. Yet, it is very possible that our work
could be immeasurably enriched by obtaining greater involvement
from citizens– consumers– clients. In fact, such work might even
make for more relevant assessments and interventions as well as
better relationships and cooperation with community partners and
local organizations. These types of rich collaborative efforts could
even help bring added attention, publicity, and even public policy
benefits. In fact, whether you are implementing individual-level
interventions at the local level or larger-scale public health projects
at the community or state level, you probably are going to be
involved in making some decisions regarding behavioral health
policies.
In this article, some of the benefits and challenges of mobilizing
citizen participation will be reviewed. Clearly, these collaborations
have important implications for practitioners. For example, it is
possible that bringing community members into our work might
help us better prioritize the needs and interests of our clients and
participants (Chataway, 2001). In addition, a relationship based on
meaningful citizen involvement may be a critical factor for the
sustainability of community efforts (Altman, 1995). In a sense,
there are multiple worthy rationales for citizen participation, in-
cluding its potential in sensitizing, prioritizing, and sustaining
intervention and research efforts, and these collaborative efforts
might also ultimately help us even influence public policy. But
before dealing with these very practical matters, let me first de-
scribe some basic terms that involve the co ...
Influence of Cigarette Advertisement on Smoking Habit among Adolescents in Bo...ijtsrd
In Nigeria, adolescent tobacco use is also posed a significant problem that worries stakeholders at all levels. It was globally found that one in five students aged 13 to 15 years had ever experimented with cigarette smoking, and about one in ten students currently smoked cigarettes. This study, therefore, sought to examine the Influence of cigarette advertisements on smoking habits among adolescents in the Borno central senatorial district of Borno State, Nigeria. The study shall adopt a descriptive survey research design. The sample size determination formula developed by Cochran was used to select 385 respondents. To generate quantitative data, a research instrument was used. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools, such as simple percentages and table presentation, are employed with statistical packages for social sciences SPSS, version 20 . The study found that the smokers listened to or watched cigarette advertising and how the media has been able to attract their attention and hold this population to Smoking. As a short time measure, government to revoke import licenses on tobacco and related products and regulate other supply chains. Sadiq Abubakar Mohammed | Dr. Kabiru Mustapha Yakasai | Yahaya Saleh Ibrahim "Influence of Cigarette Advertisement on Smoking Habit among Adolescents in Borno Central Senatorial District of Borno State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52390.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/52390/influence-of-cigarette-advertisement-on-smoking-habit-among-adolescents-in-borno-central-senatorial-district-of-borno-state-nigeria/sadiq-abubakar-mohammed
ENG 215 – Appendix A Peer Review Feedback Form 2 Appendix A P.docxSALU18
ENG 215 – Appendix A: Peer Review Feedback Form 2
Appendix A: Peer Review Feedback Form 2
Reviewer’s Name: Tiara Evans
Date: August 28th 2017
Writer’s Assigned #: Week 8 Peer Review
Course:Writing and Research
Section:__
Assignment 4: Persuasive Paper Part 2:
Solution
and Advantages
Peer reviews should provide feedback to a peer on the criteria expected in the paper. Follow these instructions:
Receive a classmate’s paper from your professor (in class if on-ground; by e-mail if online).
Copy the Peer Review Feedback Form from the Appendix.
Comment on all criteria, noting strengths and / or areas for improvement on the feedback form.
Provide completed Peer Review Feedback Form and classmate’s paper to your professor.
Note: On-ground students should submit the feedback form and paper to the professor during the class meeting in which the paper is reviewed; online students should submit the feedback form and paper to the professor via the Assignment Tab in the course shell.
Criteria
+ Strengths
Comments < Areas for Improvement
Part 1
1. Revise, using feedback from the professor and classmates, your Persuasive Paper Part I - A Problem Exists.
Part 2
2. Included a defensible, relevant thesis statement clearly in the first paragraph.
3. Explain a detailed, viable solution that supports your thesis. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
4. State, explain, and support the first advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
5. State, explain, and support the second advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
6. State, explain, and support the third (and fourth if desired) advantage (economic, social, political, environment, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
7. Use effective transitional words, phrases, and sentences.
8. Provide a concluding paragraph
/transitional paragraph that summarizes the proposed solution and its advantages.
9. Develop a coherently structured paper with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
10. Use one or more rhetorical strategies (ethos, logos, pathos) to explain advantages.
11. Support advantage claims with at least three (3) additional quality relevant references. Use at least six (6) total for Parts 1 & 2.
12. Other
Running Head: Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco 1
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco 10
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
Kesha Harper
Professor Catherine Cousar
ENG 215
August 16, 2017
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
Goods deemed to be harmful to the society ranging from tobacco, alcohol, gambling, cider, wine among others are subject ...
Application of a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical mallisonshavon
Application of a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
For this assignment, you are given an opportunity to explore and apply a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue. A framework provides a methodical and systematic approach for decision making. Methods of Ethical Analysis describes three structured frameworks that may be used for ethical analysis, namely Reynolds Seven-Step Approach, Kidder’s Nine Steps, and Spinello’s Seven-Step Process. There are several ways to systematically approach an ethical dilemma, and while each of the frameworks described has its merits, each will result in an ethical decision if straightforwardly and honestly applied.
In addition, you will want to consider the ethical theories described in Introduction to Theoretical Ethical Frameworks which help decision makers find the right balance concerning the acceptability of and justification for their actions. A separate write-up of the ethical theory that supports your decision is part of the following requirements.
For this paper, the following elements must be addressed:
• Describe a current IT-related ethical issue: Since this is a paper exercise, not a real-time situation, you may want to construct a brief scenario where this issue comes into play, and thus causes an ethical dilemma. The dilemma may affect you, your family, your job, or your company; or it may be a matter of public policy or law that affects the general populace. See the list below for a list of suggested issues, which may be a source of ethical dilemmas.
• Define a concise problem statement that is extracted from the above description or scenario. It is best if you define a specific problem caused by the dilemma, that needs a specific ethical decision to be made, that will solve the dilemma. Be aware that if it is a matter of public policy or law, that it may require a regulatory body or congressional approval to take action to implement a solution.
• Analyze your problem using one of the structured decision-making frameworks. Make sure that you identify the decision-making framework utilized. In addition, the steps in the decision-making framework selected must be used as major headings in the Analysis section.
• Consider and state the impact of the decision that you made on an individual, an organization, stakeholders, customers suppliers, and the environment, as applicable!
• State and discuss the applicable ethical theory that supports your decision.
Concerning your paper:
• Prepare a minimum 3- 5 page, double-spaced paper as a Microsoft Word file.
• Provide appropriate American Psychological Association (APA) source citations for all sources you use. In addition to critical thinking and analysis skills, your paper should reflect appropriate grammar and spelling, good organization, and proper business-writing style.
For example, Kidder’s approach has nine steps, which are:
• Recognize that there is a moral issue.
• Determine the actor (whos ...
This document provides a year-end summary of significant developments that businesses should be aware of, including extreme weather events and natural disasters throughout the US in 2015. It also discusses the challenges that marijuana legalization poses for employers, such as impairment issues, accommodation requirements, and potential litigation. Additionally, it notes that wage and hour lawsuits have reached record levels in recent years due to outdated labor laws not applying well to modern workplaces.
InstructionsPaper A Application of a decision making framework lauricesatu
Instructions
Paper A: Application of a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
For this assignment, you are given an opportunity to explore and apply a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
A framework provides a methodical and systematic approach for decision making
.
UMUC
Module 2 - Methods of Ethical Analysis (see LEO Content – Readings for week 2)
describes three structured frameworks that may be used for ethical analysis, namely
Reynolds Seven-Step Approach, Kidder’s Nine Steps, and Spinello’s Seven-Step Process
.
There are several ways described in UMUC Module 2 to systematically approach an ethical dilemma
, and while each of the frameworks described has its merits, each will result in an ethical decision if straightforwardly and honestly applied.
In addition, you will want to consider the ethical theories described in
Module 1 – Introduction to Theoretical Ethical Frameworks (see LEO Content – Readings for week 1)
which help decision makers find the right balance concerning the acceptability of and justification for their actions. A separate write-up of the ethical theory that supports your decision is part of the following requirements.
For this paper, the following elements must be addressed:
Describe a current IT-related ethical issue
:
Since this is a paper exercise, not a real-time situation,
you may want to construct a brief scenario
where this issue comes into play, and thus causes an ethical dilemma. The dilemma may affect you, your family, your job, or your company; or it may be a matter of public policy or law that affects the general populace.
See the list below for a list of suggested issues, which may be a source of ethical dilemmas
.
Define a concise problem statement
that is
extracted
from the above description or scenario. It is best
if you define a specific problem caused by the dilemma, that needs a specific ethical decision to be made, that will solve the dilemma
. Be aware that if it is a matter of public policy or law, that it may require a regulatory body or congressional approval to take action to implement a solution.
Analyze your problem
using one of the structured decision-making frameworks chosen from Module 2.
Make sure that you identify the decision-making framework utilized. In addition, the steps in the decision-making framework selected must be used as major headings in the Analysis section.
Consider and state the impact of the decision that you made
on an individual, an organization, stakeholders, customers suppliers, and the environment, as applicable!
State and discuss the applicable ethical theory
from Module 1
that supports your decision.
Concerning your paper:
Prepare a minimum 3- 5 page, double-spaced paper and submit it to the LEO Assignments Module as an attached Microsoft Word file.
Provide appropriate American Psychological Association (APA) source citations for all sources you use
. In addition to critical thinkin ...
This document provides an overview of what constitutes good quality legislation. It discusses how there is no universally agreed upon definition or metrics for measuring the quality of policy development processes or legislation. However, there is some convergence among OECD countries and legal experts on factors that can improve quality. These include transparency in policymaking, clarity and consistency in legislation. The document also examines approaches to legislative drafting globally and criteria for evaluating legislation, such as the need for amendments, litigation, and failed enforcement.
First, complete the assigned reading, Daley & Doughty (2006) UnethShainaBoling829
First, complete the assigned reading, Daley & Doughty (2006) Unethical social work: Comparing licensing and NASW perspectives' perspectives. In 3-4 paragraphs, using direct quote from the reading, as well as outside sources, create a mini literature review describing the major outcomes of the piece, any calls for action or need, and suggestion for future practice. Your reference section should have at least three peer reviewed sources.
Psychology and Health
Given the widespread use of digital technology, health psychologists are developing new and innovative ways to capture the attention of users and engage them in monitoring their own health behaviors. Interventions can start with well-designed websites for people who have diagnosed health problems, such as arthritis and other painful conditions. These sites provide tips for coping with illness, new research findings, alternative treatments, nutrition and exercise guidelines, and links to advocacy groups. In addition, some offer chat groups that allow individuals who might otherwise be suffering alone to share information and support with others who have similar experiences. The editorial notes that other creative ideas for using digital technology, including cell phones and PDA’s, to promote health behavior change represent a cost effective, easily accessible strategy for behavior change that may be the wave of the future.
Health psychologists often emphasize the role of support groups in promoting and sustaining health behavior change. It also underscores the importance of self-monitoring as a key component of health behavior change programs. Discuss at least 3 specific ideas you have for using digital media to provide support and facilitate self-monitoring of health behaviors. How might cell phones and PDA’s be used to change specific health behaviors such as weight control, smoking, pain management, and others problems? Note that research shows that regular feedback on one’s progress, including comparisons with baseline measures and information about progress toward specific goals is most effective in producing health behavior change. Be sure to cite authoritative sources.
Source: Editorial. (2009). Psychology and Health, 24 (6), 615-618.
Unethical Social Work:
Comparing Licensing and NASW Perspectives
Michael R. Daley and Michael O. Doughty
Previously published studies of ethics complaints have been based primarily on
records of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW). However, with the
extension of legal regulation for social work throughout the country, state
regulatory bodies are assuming an increasingly important role in reviewing the
ethical behavior of social workers, many of whom are not members of NASW. Yet,
there has been little study of ethical complaints against this much larger group of
social workers. This article examines ethics complaints filed between 1995 and 2003
against licensed social workers in Texas in order to better understand how ethics
re ...
Enforcing Regulation under Illicit AdaptationHKUST IEMS
This document describes a study that will experimentally evaluate two interventions aimed at reducing the sale of illegally caught fish during a fishing ban period in Chile: 1) Monitoring and penalizing vendors that sell illegal fish, and 2) Informing consumers about the ban and consequences of overfishing. The study aims to answer questions about the effectiveness of enforcement activities and information campaigns in reducing illegal fish sales, both individually and combined. It also seeks to understand how vendors may adapt their behavior in response to different enforcement strategies. The results could provide insights on regulating common resource exploitation and curbing undesirable behaviors in developing countries.
The document provides instructions for how to request and receive help with an assignment from the writing service HelpWriting.net, including registering for an account, submitting a request form with instructions and deadline, reviewing writer bids and qualifications to select one, and then reviewing and authorizing payment for the completed assignment. Customers can also request revisions to ensure satisfaction with the completed work.
Paper A Application of a decision making framework to an IT-rel.docxhoney690131
Paper A: Application of a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
This assignment is an opportunity to explore and apply a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
A framework provides a methodical and systematic approach for decision making
.
UMGC
Module 2 - Methods of Ethical Analysis (see LEO Content – Readings for week 2)
describes three structured frameworks that may be used for ethical analysis, namely
Reynolds Seven-Step Approach, Kidder’s Nine Steps, and Spinello’s Seven-Step Process
.
There are several ways described in UMGC Module 2 to systematically approach an ethical dilemma
, and while each of the frameworks described has its merits, each will result in an ethical decision if straightforwardly, objectively, and honestly applied.
In addition, consider the ethical theories described in
Module 1 – Introduction to Theoretical Ethical Frameworks (see LEO Content – Readings for week 1)
which help decision makers find the right balance concerning the acceptability of and justification for their actions.
A separate write-up of the ethical theory that supports your decision is part of the following requirements
.
For this paper, the following five elements must be addressed:
Describe a current IT-related ethical issue
:
Since this is a paper exercise, not a real-time situation,
you may want to construct a brief scenario
where this issue comes into play, and thus causes an ethical dilemma. The dilemma may affect you, your family, your job, or your company; or it may be a matter of public policy or law that affects the general populace.
See the list below for a list of suggested issues, which may be a source of ethical dilemmas
.
Define a concise problem statement
that is
extracted
from the above description or scenario. It is best
if you define a specific problem caused by the dilemma, that needs a specific ethical decision to be made, that will solve the dilemma
. Be aware that if it is a matter of public policy or law, that it may require a regulatory body or congressional approval to take action to implement a solution.
Analyze your problem
using one of the structured decision-making frameworks chosen from Module 2.
Make sure that you identify the decision-making framework utilized. In addition, the steps in the decision-making framework selected must be used as major headings in the Analysis section.
Consider and state the impact of the decision that you made
on an individual, an organization, stakeholders, customers suppliers, and the environment, as applicable!
State and discuss the applicable ethical theory
from Module 1
that supports your decision.
Concerning your paper:
Prepare a minimum 3- 5 page, double-spaced paper and submit it to the LEO Assignments Module as an attached Microsoft Word file.
Use headings for each topic criteria
Provide appropriate American Psychological Association (APA) source citations for all sources you use
. In addition to cri.
Paper A Application of a decision making framework to an IT-rel.docxsmile790243
Paper A: Application of a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
This assignment is an opportunity to explore and apply a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
A framework provides a methodical and systematic approach for decision making
.
UMGC
Module 2 - Methods of Ethical Analysis (see LEO Content – Readings for week 2)
describes three structured frameworks that may be used for ethical analysis, namely
Reynolds Seven-Step Approach, Kidder’s Nine Steps, and Spinello’s Seven-Step Process
.
There are several ways described in UMGC Module 2 to systematically approach an ethical dilemma
, and while each of the frameworks described has its merits, each will result in an ethical decision if straightforwardly, objectively, and honestly applied.
In addition, consider the ethical theories described in
Module 1 – Introduction to Theoretical Ethical Frameworks (see LEO Content – Readings for week 1)
which help decision makers find the right balance concerning the acceptability of and justification for their actions.
A separate write-up of the ethical theory that supports your decision is part of the following requirements
.
For this paper, the following five elements must be addressed:
Describe a current IT-related ethical issue
:
Since this is a paper exercise, not a real-time situation,
you may want to construct a brief scenario
where this issue comes into play, and thus causes an ethical dilemma. The dilemma may affect you, your family, your job, or your company; or it may be a matter of public policy or law that affects the general populace.
See the list below for a list of suggested issues, which may be a source of ethical dilemmas
.
Define a concise problem statement
that is
extracted
from the above description or scenario. It is best
if you define a specific problem caused by the dilemma, that needs a specific ethical decision to be made, that will solve the dilemma
. Be aware that if it is a matter of public policy or law, that it may require a regulatory body or congressional approval to take action to implement a solution.
Analyze your problem
using one of the structured decision-making frameworks chosen from Module 2.
Make sure that you identify the decision-making framework utilized. In addition, the steps in the decision-making framework selected must be used as major headings in the Analysis section.
Consider and state the impact of the decision that you made
on an individual, an organization, stakeholders, customers suppliers, and the environment, as applicable!
State and discuss the applicable ethical theory
from Module 1
that supports your decision.
Concerning your paper:
Prepare a minimum 3- 5 page, double-spaced paper and submit it to the LEO Assignments Module as an attached Microsoft Word file.
Use headings for each topic criteria
Provide appropriate American Psychological Association (APA) source citations for all sources you use
. In addition to cri.
Running head CRITICAL APPRAISAL SANITATION AND HOSPITAL ACQUIRED.docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: CRITICAL APPRAISAL: SANITATION AND HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION 2
Critical Appraisal: Sanitation and Hospital Acquired Infection
Critical Appraisal: Sanitation and Hospital Acquired Infection
Introduction
The clinical issue at hand is the consideration of the general population as an issue in the effective management of prevention measures. In that way raising the question of the management of the patient population and the risk of exposure to affects both the nursing community and the patients. This is especially important in understanding the inconvenience created by a specific demographic of patients such as tobacco and nicotine users. The main issue at hand is focused on is the cleaning staff whose actions affect patients. In intention to understand this aspect, the question is the personal motivation in curing and the need for information dissemination. This is necessary for the general population to understand the symptoms and gain more knowledge of common diseases. This paper will look at two peers reviewed qualitative research articles to understand the findings and its contribution to this research question in the context of nursing practice. Additionally, there will be a discussion on the ethical considerations at institutional and individual participation levels to the article’s contribution in the improvement of care delivery and improved outcomes by establishing a purpose.
Qualitative Study Background of Study
Developing technology means there are developing issue in other parts including the type of sanitation that can be available in the hospital and the clinic. Therefore, the likelihood of the increased need for efficiency in prevention is considered through the identification of alternative to smoking in healthcare facilities.
Article 1: Replacement Therapy in Smoking Cessation
According to the article, Buller et al. (2014), there is a need to understand that smoking as a vice affect the 18-30-year-old adult population and therefore, in trying to prevent the issue at hand in a healthcare setting, the consideration of using a patch is necessary. Regarding this, the paper addresses the issue of the effectiveness of nicotine patch in smoking cessation and thus provision of an opportunity to help in smoking cessation. Given this, the article supports the preferential treatment to smoking as replacement therapy especially in young adults who are the prevalent population in the U.S. Therefore the questions raised are:
· Identification of an alternative method of smoke cessation
· The effectiveness of replacement therapy in helping cessation of smoking in the identified population.
In consideration of this, the purpose and the research question were related to the same problem by taking into account the intervention, the population affected, the existing systems, a ...
SAFEASSIGNCHECKTEST - CSU SAFEASSIGN PLAGIARISM CHECK TOOL
SafeAssign Originality Report Generator I
William Fiedler
on Mon, Aug 27 2018, 9:46 AM
33% highest match
Submission ID: 379b2d26-d065-43d3-b758-c36c7d7e7358
Attachments (1)
· mba 6941 unit VIII reflection Paper.doc 33%
Word Count: 1,397 Attachment ID: 224883277
mba 6941 unit VIII reflection Paper.doc
Running Head: THE PROJECT CLOSURE PHASE 1 THE PROJECT CLOSURE PHASE
2
The Project Closure Phase William Fiedler Columbia Southern University The Project Closure Phase Inside this paperwork, I am going to make a discussion regarding the closing project. I will also extend to discussing the lesson learned towards the end of the project. 1 THE FOURTH AND LAST PROJECT LIFECYCLE STAGE IS THE PROJECT CLOSURE PHASE. IT IS IN THIS STAGE THAT YOU WILL BE ABLE TO YOUR PROJECT FORMALLY CLOSES AFTER THE REPORT SUCCESS LEVEL OF THE SPONSOR YOU HAVE. The exercises that are needed in closing the task in brought in to be by the Project Closure Report and this guarantees the project a conclusion that is embraced productively and comfortably. Once the report is brought into action and acknowledged by the individuals, the reports of the completion of the inside exercises indicated are attempted (Larson, 2014). As a result, the project closure comes into effect formally. 1 AFTER THE CLOSING OF THE TASK IN A PERIOD OF AT LEAST ONE TO THREE MONTHS, THE BUSINESS IS BELIEVED TO START GAINING THE ADVANTAGES GIVEN BY THE PROJECT WHICH MAKE IT MORE ESSENTIAL TO ALLUDE THE POST IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW (PIR) EVALUATION. This provides the business with a wide range of view towards recognizing its achievements level of different tasks as well as offer the education on the future projects that will arise.
2 PROCESS FOR CLOSING THE PROJECT THE PROJECT TRANSITION TASK CONTROL DOCUMENT WILL RECORD THE VICTORIES AND DISAPPOINTMENTS OF THE TASK. It gives a chronicled record of the orchestrated and unique spending plan and schedule, proposals for future endeavors of practically identical size and unpredictability, information on staffing and aptitudes used to meet errand targets and destinations, how the client wants were managed, exercises learned, and an official undertaking close down. One reason for the conclusion understanding system is to offer the sellers a formal warning to the structures that may have been created which has a high expectation that is elegant and commendable or that may have been rejected as a result. If the business does not meet its goals, it ought to make the amendment that hinders them from this achievement, and the individual or the dealer responsible for this should try to fix or eradicate any errors that may have caused it with a formal affirmation (Larson, 2014).
Before the closure of the agreement, all the minor things are fixed, and the competed expectation is to strike the depressed. Over rages of errands, the world has audited quality performance, and the vendor was allowed to influence chan.
Safety Management System1SMS-1Jeffrey D Carpenter, CSP.docxrtodd599
Safety Management System
1
SMS-1
Jeffrey D Carpenter, CSP
Columbia Southern University
The International Air Transport Association defines a Safety Management System (SMS) as being a systematic approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures.
Another definition of an SMS is a businesslike approach to safety. It is a systematic, explicit and comprehensive process for managing safety risks. As with all management systems, a safety management system provides for goal setting, planning, and measuring performance.
1
SMS-2
2
This is a risk based approach to the safety management throughout the organization
Safety Management System
Definitions of a Safety management system
An SMS provides a systematic way to identify hazards and control risks while maintaining assurance that these risk controls are effective.
Setting up your safety management system
You can read our setting up your SMS and our SMS for aviation guide which is a resource kit that will help you prepare and implement your plan. It'll need to include a detailed guide about how you're going to set up your SMS. Your safety management system will grow and improve and will be a living document.
How do I educate my staff?
You and your staff will need safety management system training and to review online resources. It can be useful to collect documents and resources for an SMS library within your organization.
2
SMS-3
3
Safety Management System
A Safety Management System is not:
Rocket Science
Magic
Safety Management System
An SMS is not “rocket science” or “magic.”
There are three imperatives for adopting a safety management system for a business – these are ethical, legal and financial. You can also educate your staff through internal and external safety training and communication. This could include providing SMS information in your organization's safety bulletins, newsletters and or through promotional posters or by holding meetings and workshops with external providers.
3
SMS-4
4
KISS method of a SMS
Four key elements:
Safety Assurance
Safety Policy
Risk Management
Safety Promotion
KISS METHODS FOR SMS
To be effective an SMS needs the following four key elements:
Safety Policy
Risk Management
Safety Assurance
Safety Promotion
4
SMS-5
5
The Four SMS Components
Safety Assurance
Involves the evaluation of the continued implementations and effectiveness of the risk control procedures which supports both existing and future hazards.
Safety Policy
This is established by the senior management to help in improving the safety standards, while defining methods, organizations and the structure required in delivering the safety standards and goals.
Safety Promotion
Safety promotions include the activities such as safety, building a positive culture and having the designated areas which are used in safety education.
Safety Risk
Management
Determines the
need for and
.
Sajan Thapa1) Allegory suggests that enlightenment or educatio.docxrtodd599
Sajan Thapa
1) Allegory suggests that enlightenment or education work the same way whereby they expand the growth of ideas. Educational institutions limit the knowledge given to students despite tutor sharing the educational knowledge to their respective students. Nevertheless, the allegory also suggests people should become opportunistic by taking advantage of any favorable opportunity. Enlightenment or education is sharing of knowledge because individuals learn from you and vice versa. Finally, knowing the reality is very important in our life. Therefore, knowledge acquired from enlightenment or education is powerful and by stripping it from individuals cute their view of the reality.Furthermore, allegory deems education to be a masterpiece of brain expansion where the generation of ideas and skill sets. In this case representation of knowledge has been symbolized by “Light” to mean that an enlightened individual who is educated is enlightened. In this summary, we can say that human in their superiority of knowledge, idea, and information they are free to be free thinkers without getting stuck in anything. This builds the strength and analogy of “enlightenment.”
= REPLY
Sajan thapa
2) Being a philosopher, Socrates believed that philosophy was the most important above everything else. His examining and thinking about life spilled out into the lives of others, and he believed that they would all die someday. Believing that philosophy is the love of wisdom, Socrates stated that a life without a philosophy that is ‘unexamined’ life is not worthy of living. Examining one’s life is valuable because it enables you to know the goodness, virtues, justice, truth, and beauty of an individual to name but a few. Nevertheless, examining one’s life enables one to discuss goodness and failing to examine one’s life is the best thing someone can do according to Socrates because without this kind of examination life is not worth living.
=Reply
Nikita Tamang
3) I personally do not think that being self-interested is a bad thing. In fact, being self-interested is a good thing. Most of the time, self- interested people are termed to be selfish. But this does not apply every time. Self-interest leads one to be more creative and develops the eagerness and thirst to learn more about oneself and others. Self- interest generates knowledge and ideas. As well, it is the key to a successful life. If a person can stay happy and satisfied with themselves, then they do not seek others in life. Self-interested people always tend to be happy as they think for their good first and prioritize their own happiness. So, being self-interested is never a bad thing.
Reply
Nikita tamang
4) Both Christ’s Golden rule and Hobbes Golden rule have similarities. But the major difference between these two rules is the difference in the thoughts and context of their principles. Here, while Christ’s Golden rule says that a person needs to do good for others as of the moral values, but the .
Safety and Health Providing a safe and secure environment for emplo.docxrtodd599
Safety and Health: Providing a safe and secure environment for employees. Ensuring physical, emotional, and technological security.
Description of how the above mentionesd HR Function is traditionally practiced?
Please use APA format and Citations. 500 words(only Scholarly articles)
Due By 11:59 PM 03/28/2020
.
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1 Unit 5 Assignment Local, National, and G.docxaryan532920
1
Unit 5 Assignment:
Local, National, and Global Public Health Approaches
Unit Outcomes addressed in this Assignment:
• Design strategies for continuous quality improvement in public health.
• Identify strategies for promoting health equity.
Course Outcomes assessed in this Assignment:
PU500-4: Describe how public health practice addresses health concerns locally,
nationally, and globally.
Introduction:
This Assignment builds upon your work started in the Unit 3 Looking Ahead. In the Unit 5
Assignment, you will:
● Describe how public health practice addresses health concerns locally, nationally,
and globally.
● Leverage policies and laws to address public health issues.
● Apply the strategic planning process to resolve a health problem.
To reach these learning goals, this Assignment guides you through the completion of two
critical parts of this project:
● Part 1 - SWOT Analysis
● Part 2 - Evaluation of strategic planning process and related policies/laws
You will finalize both sections of your Unit 5 Assignment and submit as one document to the
Dropbox for grading.
2
Instructions:
Part 1 - SWOT Analysis:
Using the table below, you will apply strategic planning techniques to evaluate selected
local, national, and global health issues. You identified these issues in the Unit 3 Looking
Ahead. You will expand your analysis of the policies and laws by conducting a SWOT
analysis.
● First column: Please use the “Level & Issue” column to note a brief overview of the
issue at the particular level.
● Second column: This column does not need editing, as it organizes the rest of the
chart by SWOT element.
● Third column: You should list at least three items per SWOT component for each
level--one sentence per item will suffice.
● Fourth column: You will integrate the Unit 3 Looking Ahead coursework into this
column.
● Fifth column: Notate your sources in this column.
Level & Issue SWOT SWOT
Components
Related
Health
Policy/Law
Citation(s)
Local Level: [Insert 1-
2 sentence summary of
health issue here]
Strengths ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Weaknesses ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Opportunities ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
3
Threats ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
National Level: [Insert
1-2 sentence summary
of health issue here]
Strengths ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Weaknesses ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Opportunities ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Threats ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Global Level: [Insert 1-
2 sentence summary of
health issue here]
Strengths ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Weaknesses ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Opportunities ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
Threats ● Item 1
● Item 2
● Item 3
4
Part 2 - Strategic Planning:
You will gather your notes for each SWOT analysis and present a “Discussion” section in
which you describe how public health practi ...
The document discusses healthcare reform and its potential repeal. It notes that while repeal seems out of reach currently, many aspects of the law have already taken effect. These include eliminating pre-existing condition exclusions for children, covering dependents until age 26, and minimum loss ratios for insurance companies. The document also discusses the costs and implementation of state health insurance exchanges. It provides the perspective of the author who has advised on the impacts of healthcare reform.
Reducing Tobacco Use Among Adolescents Using Social Cognitive Theory and Soci...Shauna Ayres, MPH, CHES
This document discusses reducing tobacco use among adolescents using Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and Social Network Theory (SNT). It summarizes key aspects of SCT, including its focus on personal, behavioral, and environmental factors that influence health behaviors. Studies discussed found targeting self-efficacy, normative beliefs, and intentions through programs and policies were effective in preventing or reducing tobacco use. The document suggests using a multi-strategy approach incorporating several SCT constructs is most effective for interventions.
Benefits and Challenges of Generating Community ParticipationChantellPantoja184
Benefits and Challenges of Generating Community Participation
Leonard A. Jason
DePaul University
This article conveys important and useful information that practitioners can apply in their day-to-day
professional lives by including citizen– consumer– client participation in their work. Three collaborative
action projects are described that yielded significant benefits both for local communities and broader
policy. These interventions, which were on topics as diverse as tobacco use among youth, recidivism
among substance abusers, and chronic fatigue syndrome, were greatly enhanced by the involvement of
citizens. The case studies are presented in such a way that the reader has a sense of how, when, and in
what ways the interventions were collaborative as well as what the outcomes have been vis-à-vis public
policy. The article is intended to encourage professional psychologists to collaborate more fully with
community groups in efforts to expand and improve behavioral health services and policies.
Keywords: citizen participation, public policy, collaboration, community psychology
You might ask why practitioners would be interested in activity
involving community members in their work. With busy practices,
multiple obligations, and an increasingly hectic work world, add-
ing another set of responsibilities might seem to be burdensome
and even counterproductive. Yet, it is very possible that our work
could be immeasurably enriched by obtaining greater involvement
from citizens– consumers– clients. In fact, such work might even
make for more relevant assessments and interventions as well as
better relationships and cooperation with community partners and
local organizations. These types of rich collaborative efforts could
even help bring added attention, publicity, and even public policy
benefits. In fact, whether you are implementing individual-level
interventions at the local level or larger-scale public health projects
at the community or state level, you probably are going to be
involved in making some decisions regarding behavioral health
policies.
In this article, some of the benefits and challenges of mobilizing
citizen participation will be reviewed. Clearly, these collaborations
have important implications for practitioners. For example, it is
possible that bringing community members into our work might
help us better prioritize the needs and interests of our clients and
participants (Chataway, 2001). In addition, a relationship based on
meaningful citizen involvement may be a critical factor for the
sustainability of community efforts (Altman, 1995). In a sense,
there are multiple worthy rationales for citizen participation, in-
cluding its potential in sensitizing, prioritizing, and sustaining
intervention and research efforts, and these collaborative efforts
might also ultimately help us even influence public policy. But
before dealing with these very practical matters, let me first de-
scribe some basic terms that involve the co ...
Influence of Cigarette Advertisement on Smoking Habit among Adolescents in Bo...ijtsrd
In Nigeria, adolescent tobacco use is also posed a significant problem that worries stakeholders at all levels. It was globally found that one in five students aged 13 to 15 years had ever experimented with cigarette smoking, and about one in ten students currently smoked cigarettes. This study, therefore, sought to examine the Influence of cigarette advertisements on smoking habits among adolescents in the Borno central senatorial district of Borno State, Nigeria. The study shall adopt a descriptive survey research design. The sample size determination formula developed by Cochran was used to select 385 respondents. To generate quantitative data, a research instrument was used. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools, such as simple percentages and table presentation, are employed with statistical packages for social sciences SPSS, version 20 . The study found that the smokers listened to or watched cigarette advertising and how the media has been able to attract their attention and hold this population to Smoking. As a short time measure, government to revoke import licenses on tobacco and related products and regulate other supply chains. Sadiq Abubakar Mohammed | Dr. Kabiru Mustapha Yakasai | Yahaya Saleh Ibrahim "Influence of Cigarette Advertisement on Smoking Habit among Adolescents in Borno Central Senatorial District of Borno State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52390.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/52390/influence-of-cigarette-advertisement-on-smoking-habit-among-adolescents-in-borno-central-senatorial-district-of-borno-state-nigeria/sadiq-abubakar-mohammed
ENG 215 – Appendix A Peer Review Feedback Form 2 Appendix A P.docxSALU18
ENG 215 – Appendix A: Peer Review Feedback Form 2
Appendix A: Peer Review Feedback Form 2
Reviewer’s Name: Tiara Evans
Date: August 28th 2017
Writer’s Assigned #: Week 8 Peer Review
Course:Writing and Research
Section:__
Assignment 4: Persuasive Paper Part 2:
Solution
and Advantages
Peer reviews should provide feedback to a peer on the criteria expected in the paper. Follow these instructions:
Receive a classmate’s paper from your professor (in class if on-ground; by e-mail if online).
Copy the Peer Review Feedback Form from the Appendix.
Comment on all criteria, noting strengths and / or areas for improvement on the feedback form.
Provide completed Peer Review Feedback Form and classmate’s paper to your professor.
Note: On-ground students should submit the feedback form and paper to the professor during the class meeting in which the paper is reviewed; online students should submit the feedback form and paper to the professor via the Assignment Tab in the course shell.
Criteria
+ Strengths
Comments < Areas for Improvement
Part 1
1. Revise, using feedback from the professor and classmates, your Persuasive Paper Part I - A Problem Exists.
Part 2
2. Included a defensible, relevant thesis statement clearly in the first paragraph.
3. Explain a detailed, viable solution that supports your thesis. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
4. State, explain, and support the first advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
5. State, explain, and support the second advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
6. State, explain, and support the third (and fourth if desired) advantage (economic, social, political, environment, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
7. Use effective transitional words, phrases, and sentences.
8. Provide a concluding paragraph
/transitional paragraph that summarizes the proposed solution and its advantages.
9. Develop a coherently structured paper with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
10. Use one or more rhetorical strategies (ethos, logos, pathos) to explain advantages.
11. Support advantage claims with at least three (3) additional quality relevant references. Use at least six (6) total for Parts 1 & 2.
12. Other
Running Head: Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco 1
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco 10
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
Kesha Harper
Professor Catherine Cousar
ENG 215
August 16, 2017
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
Goods deemed to be harmful to the society ranging from tobacco, alcohol, gambling, cider, wine among others are subject ...
Application of a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical mallisonshavon
Application of a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
For this assignment, you are given an opportunity to explore and apply a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue. A framework provides a methodical and systematic approach for decision making. Methods of Ethical Analysis describes three structured frameworks that may be used for ethical analysis, namely Reynolds Seven-Step Approach, Kidder’s Nine Steps, and Spinello’s Seven-Step Process. There are several ways to systematically approach an ethical dilemma, and while each of the frameworks described has its merits, each will result in an ethical decision if straightforwardly and honestly applied.
In addition, you will want to consider the ethical theories described in Introduction to Theoretical Ethical Frameworks which help decision makers find the right balance concerning the acceptability of and justification for their actions. A separate write-up of the ethical theory that supports your decision is part of the following requirements.
For this paper, the following elements must be addressed:
• Describe a current IT-related ethical issue: Since this is a paper exercise, not a real-time situation, you may want to construct a brief scenario where this issue comes into play, and thus causes an ethical dilemma. The dilemma may affect you, your family, your job, or your company; or it may be a matter of public policy or law that affects the general populace. See the list below for a list of suggested issues, which may be a source of ethical dilemmas.
• Define a concise problem statement that is extracted from the above description or scenario. It is best if you define a specific problem caused by the dilemma, that needs a specific ethical decision to be made, that will solve the dilemma. Be aware that if it is a matter of public policy or law, that it may require a regulatory body or congressional approval to take action to implement a solution.
• Analyze your problem using one of the structured decision-making frameworks. Make sure that you identify the decision-making framework utilized. In addition, the steps in the decision-making framework selected must be used as major headings in the Analysis section.
• Consider and state the impact of the decision that you made on an individual, an organization, stakeholders, customers suppliers, and the environment, as applicable!
• State and discuss the applicable ethical theory that supports your decision.
Concerning your paper:
• Prepare a minimum 3- 5 page, double-spaced paper as a Microsoft Word file.
• Provide appropriate American Psychological Association (APA) source citations for all sources you use. In addition to critical thinking and analysis skills, your paper should reflect appropriate grammar and spelling, good organization, and proper business-writing style.
For example, Kidder’s approach has nine steps, which are:
• Recognize that there is a moral issue.
• Determine the actor (whos ...
This document provides a year-end summary of significant developments that businesses should be aware of, including extreme weather events and natural disasters throughout the US in 2015. It also discusses the challenges that marijuana legalization poses for employers, such as impairment issues, accommodation requirements, and potential litigation. Additionally, it notes that wage and hour lawsuits have reached record levels in recent years due to outdated labor laws not applying well to modern workplaces.
InstructionsPaper A Application of a decision making framework lauricesatu
Instructions
Paper A: Application of a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
For this assignment, you are given an opportunity to explore and apply a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
A framework provides a methodical and systematic approach for decision making
.
UMUC
Module 2 - Methods of Ethical Analysis (see LEO Content – Readings for week 2)
describes three structured frameworks that may be used for ethical analysis, namely
Reynolds Seven-Step Approach, Kidder’s Nine Steps, and Spinello’s Seven-Step Process
.
There are several ways described in UMUC Module 2 to systematically approach an ethical dilemma
, and while each of the frameworks described has its merits, each will result in an ethical decision if straightforwardly and honestly applied.
In addition, you will want to consider the ethical theories described in
Module 1 – Introduction to Theoretical Ethical Frameworks (see LEO Content – Readings for week 1)
which help decision makers find the right balance concerning the acceptability of and justification for their actions. A separate write-up of the ethical theory that supports your decision is part of the following requirements.
For this paper, the following elements must be addressed:
Describe a current IT-related ethical issue
:
Since this is a paper exercise, not a real-time situation,
you may want to construct a brief scenario
where this issue comes into play, and thus causes an ethical dilemma. The dilemma may affect you, your family, your job, or your company; or it may be a matter of public policy or law that affects the general populace.
See the list below for a list of suggested issues, which may be a source of ethical dilemmas
.
Define a concise problem statement
that is
extracted
from the above description or scenario. It is best
if you define a specific problem caused by the dilemma, that needs a specific ethical decision to be made, that will solve the dilemma
. Be aware that if it is a matter of public policy or law, that it may require a regulatory body or congressional approval to take action to implement a solution.
Analyze your problem
using one of the structured decision-making frameworks chosen from Module 2.
Make sure that you identify the decision-making framework utilized. In addition, the steps in the decision-making framework selected must be used as major headings in the Analysis section.
Consider and state the impact of the decision that you made
on an individual, an organization, stakeholders, customers suppliers, and the environment, as applicable!
State and discuss the applicable ethical theory
from Module 1
that supports your decision.
Concerning your paper:
Prepare a minimum 3- 5 page, double-spaced paper and submit it to the LEO Assignments Module as an attached Microsoft Word file.
Provide appropriate American Psychological Association (APA) source citations for all sources you use
. In addition to critical thinkin ...
This document provides an overview of what constitutes good quality legislation. It discusses how there is no universally agreed upon definition or metrics for measuring the quality of policy development processes or legislation. However, there is some convergence among OECD countries and legal experts on factors that can improve quality. These include transparency in policymaking, clarity and consistency in legislation. The document also examines approaches to legislative drafting globally and criteria for evaluating legislation, such as the need for amendments, litigation, and failed enforcement.
First, complete the assigned reading, Daley & Doughty (2006) UnethShainaBoling829
First, complete the assigned reading, Daley & Doughty (2006) Unethical social work: Comparing licensing and NASW perspectives' perspectives. In 3-4 paragraphs, using direct quote from the reading, as well as outside sources, create a mini literature review describing the major outcomes of the piece, any calls for action or need, and suggestion for future practice. Your reference section should have at least three peer reviewed sources.
Psychology and Health
Given the widespread use of digital technology, health psychologists are developing new and innovative ways to capture the attention of users and engage them in monitoring their own health behaviors. Interventions can start with well-designed websites for people who have diagnosed health problems, such as arthritis and other painful conditions. These sites provide tips for coping with illness, new research findings, alternative treatments, nutrition and exercise guidelines, and links to advocacy groups. In addition, some offer chat groups that allow individuals who might otherwise be suffering alone to share information and support with others who have similar experiences. The editorial notes that other creative ideas for using digital technology, including cell phones and PDA’s, to promote health behavior change represent a cost effective, easily accessible strategy for behavior change that may be the wave of the future.
Health psychologists often emphasize the role of support groups in promoting and sustaining health behavior change. It also underscores the importance of self-monitoring as a key component of health behavior change programs. Discuss at least 3 specific ideas you have for using digital media to provide support and facilitate self-monitoring of health behaviors. How might cell phones and PDA’s be used to change specific health behaviors such as weight control, smoking, pain management, and others problems? Note that research shows that regular feedback on one’s progress, including comparisons with baseline measures and information about progress toward specific goals is most effective in producing health behavior change. Be sure to cite authoritative sources.
Source: Editorial. (2009). Psychology and Health, 24 (6), 615-618.
Unethical Social Work:
Comparing Licensing and NASW Perspectives
Michael R. Daley and Michael O. Doughty
Previously published studies of ethics complaints have been based primarily on
records of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW). However, with the
extension of legal regulation for social work throughout the country, state
regulatory bodies are assuming an increasingly important role in reviewing the
ethical behavior of social workers, many of whom are not members of NASW. Yet,
there has been little study of ethical complaints against this much larger group of
social workers. This article examines ethics complaints filed between 1995 and 2003
against licensed social workers in Texas in order to better understand how ethics
re ...
Enforcing Regulation under Illicit AdaptationHKUST IEMS
This document describes a study that will experimentally evaluate two interventions aimed at reducing the sale of illegally caught fish during a fishing ban period in Chile: 1) Monitoring and penalizing vendors that sell illegal fish, and 2) Informing consumers about the ban and consequences of overfishing. The study aims to answer questions about the effectiveness of enforcement activities and information campaigns in reducing illegal fish sales, both individually and combined. It also seeks to understand how vendors may adapt their behavior in response to different enforcement strategies. The results could provide insights on regulating common resource exploitation and curbing undesirable behaviors in developing countries.
The document provides instructions for how to request and receive help with an assignment from the writing service HelpWriting.net, including registering for an account, submitting a request form with instructions and deadline, reviewing writer bids and qualifications to select one, and then reviewing and authorizing payment for the completed assignment. Customers can also request revisions to ensure satisfaction with the completed work.
Paper A Application of a decision making framework to an IT-rel.docxhoney690131
Paper A: Application of a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
This assignment is an opportunity to explore and apply a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
A framework provides a methodical and systematic approach for decision making
.
UMGC
Module 2 - Methods of Ethical Analysis (see LEO Content – Readings for week 2)
describes three structured frameworks that may be used for ethical analysis, namely
Reynolds Seven-Step Approach, Kidder’s Nine Steps, and Spinello’s Seven-Step Process
.
There are several ways described in UMGC Module 2 to systematically approach an ethical dilemma
, and while each of the frameworks described has its merits, each will result in an ethical decision if straightforwardly, objectively, and honestly applied.
In addition, consider the ethical theories described in
Module 1 – Introduction to Theoretical Ethical Frameworks (see LEO Content – Readings for week 1)
which help decision makers find the right balance concerning the acceptability of and justification for their actions.
A separate write-up of the ethical theory that supports your decision is part of the following requirements
.
For this paper, the following five elements must be addressed:
Describe a current IT-related ethical issue
:
Since this is a paper exercise, not a real-time situation,
you may want to construct a brief scenario
where this issue comes into play, and thus causes an ethical dilemma. The dilemma may affect you, your family, your job, or your company; or it may be a matter of public policy or law that affects the general populace.
See the list below for a list of suggested issues, which may be a source of ethical dilemmas
.
Define a concise problem statement
that is
extracted
from the above description or scenario. It is best
if you define a specific problem caused by the dilemma, that needs a specific ethical decision to be made, that will solve the dilemma
. Be aware that if it is a matter of public policy or law, that it may require a regulatory body or congressional approval to take action to implement a solution.
Analyze your problem
using one of the structured decision-making frameworks chosen from Module 2.
Make sure that you identify the decision-making framework utilized. In addition, the steps in the decision-making framework selected must be used as major headings in the Analysis section.
Consider and state the impact of the decision that you made
on an individual, an organization, stakeholders, customers suppliers, and the environment, as applicable!
State and discuss the applicable ethical theory
from Module 1
that supports your decision.
Concerning your paper:
Prepare a minimum 3- 5 page, double-spaced paper and submit it to the LEO Assignments Module as an attached Microsoft Word file.
Use headings for each topic criteria
Provide appropriate American Psychological Association (APA) source citations for all sources you use
. In addition to cri.
Paper A Application of a decision making framework to an IT-rel.docxsmile790243
Paper A: Application of a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
This assignment is an opportunity to explore and apply a decision making framework to an IT-related ethical issue.
A framework provides a methodical and systematic approach for decision making
.
UMGC
Module 2 - Methods of Ethical Analysis (see LEO Content – Readings for week 2)
describes three structured frameworks that may be used for ethical analysis, namely
Reynolds Seven-Step Approach, Kidder’s Nine Steps, and Spinello’s Seven-Step Process
.
There are several ways described in UMGC Module 2 to systematically approach an ethical dilemma
, and while each of the frameworks described has its merits, each will result in an ethical decision if straightforwardly, objectively, and honestly applied.
In addition, consider the ethical theories described in
Module 1 – Introduction to Theoretical Ethical Frameworks (see LEO Content – Readings for week 1)
which help decision makers find the right balance concerning the acceptability of and justification for their actions.
A separate write-up of the ethical theory that supports your decision is part of the following requirements
.
For this paper, the following five elements must be addressed:
Describe a current IT-related ethical issue
:
Since this is a paper exercise, not a real-time situation,
you may want to construct a brief scenario
where this issue comes into play, and thus causes an ethical dilemma. The dilemma may affect you, your family, your job, or your company; or it may be a matter of public policy or law that affects the general populace.
See the list below for a list of suggested issues, which may be a source of ethical dilemmas
.
Define a concise problem statement
that is
extracted
from the above description or scenario. It is best
if you define a specific problem caused by the dilemma, that needs a specific ethical decision to be made, that will solve the dilemma
. Be aware that if it is a matter of public policy or law, that it may require a regulatory body or congressional approval to take action to implement a solution.
Analyze your problem
using one of the structured decision-making frameworks chosen from Module 2.
Make sure that you identify the decision-making framework utilized. In addition, the steps in the decision-making framework selected must be used as major headings in the Analysis section.
Consider and state the impact of the decision that you made
on an individual, an organization, stakeholders, customers suppliers, and the environment, as applicable!
State and discuss the applicable ethical theory
from Module 1
that supports your decision.
Concerning your paper:
Prepare a minimum 3- 5 page, double-spaced paper and submit it to the LEO Assignments Module as an attached Microsoft Word file.
Use headings for each topic criteria
Provide appropriate American Psychological Association (APA) source citations for all sources you use
. In addition to cri.
Running head CRITICAL APPRAISAL SANITATION AND HOSPITAL ACQUIRED.docxhealdkathaleen
Running head: CRITICAL APPRAISAL: SANITATION AND HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION 2
Critical Appraisal: Sanitation and Hospital Acquired Infection
Critical Appraisal: Sanitation and Hospital Acquired Infection
Introduction
The clinical issue at hand is the consideration of the general population as an issue in the effective management of prevention measures. In that way raising the question of the management of the patient population and the risk of exposure to affects both the nursing community and the patients. This is especially important in understanding the inconvenience created by a specific demographic of patients such as tobacco and nicotine users. The main issue at hand is focused on is the cleaning staff whose actions affect patients. In intention to understand this aspect, the question is the personal motivation in curing and the need for information dissemination. This is necessary for the general population to understand the symptoms and gain more knowledge of common diseases. This paper will look at two peers reviewed qualitative research articles to understand the findings and its contribution to this research question in the context of nursing practice. Additionally, there will be a discussion on the ethical considerations at institutional and individual participation levels to the article’s contribution in the improvement of care delivery and improved outcomes by establishing a purpose.
Qualitative Study Background of Study
Developing technology means there are developing issue in other parts including the type of sanitation that can be available in the hospital and the clinic. Therefore, the likelihood of the increased need for efficiency in prevention is considered through the identification of alternative to smoking in healthcare facilities.
Article 1: Replacement Therapy in Smoking Cessation
According to the article, Buller et al. (2014), there is a need to understand that smoking as a vice affect the 18-30-year-old adult population and therefore, in trying to prevent the issue at hand in a healthcare setting, the consideration of using a patch is necessary. Regarding this, the paper addresses the issue of the effectiveness of nicotine patch in smoking cessation and thus provision of an opportunity to help in smoking cessation. Given this, the article supports the preferential treatment to smoking as replacement therapy especially in young adults who are the prevalent population in the U.S. Therefore the questions raised are:
· Identification of an alternative method of smoke cessation
· The effectiveness of replacement therapy in helping cessation of smoking in the identified population.
In consideration of this, the purpose and the research question were related to the same problem by taking into account the intervention, the population affected, the existing systems, a ...
Similar to Running Head1Topic Name4Topic NameStudent.docx (17)
SAFEASSIGNCHECKTEST - CSU SAFEASSIGN PLAGIARISM CHECK TOOL
SafeAssign Originality Report Generator I
William Fiedler
on Mon, Aug 27 2018, 9:46 AM
33% highest match
Submission ID: 379b2d26-d065-43d3-b758-c36c7d7e7358
Attachments (1)
· mba 6941 unit VIII reflection Paper.doc 33%
Word Count: 1,397 Attachment ID: 224883277
mba 6941 unit VIII reflection Paper.doc
Running Head: THE PROJECT CLOSURE PHASE 1 THE PROJECT CLOSURE PHASE
2
The Project Closure Phase William Fiedler Columbia Southern University The Project Closure Phase Inside this paperwork, I am going to make a discussion regarding the closing project. I will also extend to discussing the lesson learned towards the end of the project. 1 THE FOURTH AND LAST PROJECT LIFECYCLE STAGE IS THE PROJECT CLOSURE PHASE. IT IS IN THIS STAGE THAT YOU WILL BE ABLE TO YOUR PROJECT FORMALLY CLOSES AFTER THE REPORT SUCCESS LEVEL OF THE SPONSOR YOU HAVE. The exercises that are needed in closing the task in brought in to be by the Project Closure Report and this guarantees the project a conclusion that is embraced productively and comfortably. Once the report is brought into action and acknowledged by the individuals, the reports of the completion of the inside exercises indicated are attempted (Larson, 2014). As a result, the project closure comes into effect formally. 1 AFTER THE CLOSING OF THE TASK IN A PERIOD OF AT LEAST ONE TO THREE MONTHS, THE BUSINESS IS BELIEVED TO START GAINING THE ADVANTAGES GIVEN BY THE PROJECT WHICH MAKE IT MORE ESSENTIAL TO ALLUDE THE POST IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW (PIR) EVALUATION. This provides the business with a wide range of view towards recognizing its achievements level of different tasks as well as offer the education on the future projects that will arise.
2 PROCESS FOR CLOSING THE PROJECT THE PROJECT TRANSITION TASK CONTROL DOCUMENT WILL RECORD THE VICTORIES AND DISAPPOINTMENTS OF THE TASK. It gives a chronicled record of the orchestrated and unique spending plan and schedule, proposals for future endeavors of practically identical size and unpredictability, information on staffing and aptitudes used to meet errand targets and destinations, how the client wants were managed, exercises learned, and an official undertaking close down. One reason for the conclusion understanding system is to offer the sellers a formal warning to the structures that may have been created which has a high expectation that is elegant and commendable or that may have been rejected as a result. If the business does not meet its goals, it ought to make the amendment that hinders them from this achievement, and the individual or the dealer responsible for this should try to fix or eradicate any errors that may have caused it with a formal affirmation (Larson, 2014).
Before the closure of the agreement, all the minor things are fixed, and the competed expectation is to strike the depressed. Over rages of errands, the world has audited quality performance, and the vendor was allowed to influence chan.
Safety Management System1SMS-1Jeffrey D Carpenter, CSP.docxrtodd599
Safety Management System
1
SMS-1
Jeffrey D Carpenter, CSP
Columbia Southern University
The International Air Transport Association defines a Safety Management System (SMS) as being a systematic approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures.
Another definition of an SMS is a businesslike approach to safety. It is a systematic, explicit and comprehensive process for managing safety risks. As with all management systems, a safety management system provides for goal setting, planning, and measuring performance.
1
SMS-2
2
This is a risk based approach to the safety management throughout the organization
Safety Management System
Definitions of a Safety management system
An SMS provides a systematic way to identify hazards and control risks while maintaining assurance that these risk controls are effective.
Setting up your safety management system
You can read our setting up your SMS and our SMS for aviation guide which is a resource kit that will help you prepare and implement your plan. It'll need to include a detailed guide about how you're going to set up your SMS. Your safety management system will grow and improve and will be a living document.
How do I educate my staff?
You and your staff will need safety management system training and to review online resources. It can be useful to collect documents and resources for an SMS library within your organization.
2
SMS-3
3
Safety Management System
A Safety Management System is not:
Rocket Science
Magic
Safety Management System
An SMS is not “rocket science” or “magic.”
There are three imperatives for adopting a safety management system for a business – these are ethical, legal and financial. You can also educate your staff through internal and external safety training and communication. This could include providing SMS information in your organization's safety bulletins, newsletters and or through promotional posters or by holding meetings and workshops with external providers.
3
SMS-4
4
KISS method of a SMS
Four key elements:
Safety Assurance
Safety Policy
Risk Management
Safety Promotion
KISS METHODS FOR SMS
To be effective an SMS needs the following four key elements:
Safety Policy
Risk Management
Safety Assurance
Safety Promotion
4
SMS-5
5
The Four SMS Components
Safety Assurance
Involves the evaluation of the continued implementations and effectiveness of the risk control procedures which supports both existing and future hazards.
Safety Policy
This is established by the senior management to help in improving the safety standards, while defining methods, organizations and the structure required in delivering the safety standards and goals.
Safety Promotion
Safety promotions include the activities such as safety, building a positive culture and having the designated areas which are used in safety education.
Safety Risk
Management
Determines the
need for and
.
Sajan Thapa1) Allegory suggests that enlightenment or educatio.docxrtodd599
Sajan Thapa
1) Allegory suggests that enlightenment or education work the same way whereby they expand the growth of ideas. Educational institutions limit the knowledge given to students despite tutor sharing the educational knowledge to their respective students. Nevertheless, the allegory also suggests people should become opportunistic by taking advantage of any favorable opportunity. Enlightenment or education is sharing of knowledge because individuals learn from you and vice versa. Finally, knowing the reality is very important in our life. Therefore, knowledge acquired from enlightenment or education is powerful and by stripping it from individuals cute their view of the reality.Furthermore, allegory deems education to be a masterpiece of brain expansion where the generation of ideas and skill sets. In this case representation of knowledge has been symbolized by “Light” to mean that an enlightened individual who is educated is enlightened. In this summary, we can say that human in their superiority of knowledge, idea, and information they are free to be free thinkers without getting stuck in anything. This builds the strength and analogy of “enlightenment.”
= REPLY
Sajan thapa
2) Being a philosopher, Socrates believed that philosophy was the most important above everything else. His examining and thinking about life spilled out into the lives of others, and he believed that they would all die someday. Believing that philosophy is the love of wisdom, Socrates stated that a life without a philosophy that is ‘unexamined’ life is not worthy of living. Examining one’s life is valuable because it enables you to know the goodness, virtues, justice, truth, and beauty of an individual to name but a few. Nevertheless, examining one’s life enables one to discuss goodness and failing to examine one’s life is the best thing someone can do according to Socrates because without this kind of examination life is not worth living.
=Reply
Nikita Tamang
3) I personally do not think that being self-interested is a bad thing. In fact, being self-interested is a good thing. Most of the time, self- interested people are termed to be selfish. But this does not apply every time. Self-interest leads one to be more creative and develops the eagerness and thirst to learn more about oneself and others. Self- interest generates knowledge and ideas. As well, it is the key to a successful life. If a person can stay happy and satisfied with themselves, then they do not seek others in life. Self-interested people always tend to be happy as they think for their good first and prioritize their own happiness. So, being self-interested is never a bad thing.
Reply
Nikita tamang
4) Both Christ’s Golden rule and Hobbes Golden rule have similarities. But the major difference between these two rules is the difference in the thoughts and context of their principles. Here, while Christ’s Golden rule says that a person needs to do good for others as of the moral values, but the .
Safety and Health Providing a safe and secure environment for emplo.docxrtodd599
Safety and Health: Providing a safe and secure environment for employees. Ensuring physical, emotional, and technological security.
Description of how the above mentionesd HR Function is traditionally practiced?
Please use APA format and Citations. 500 words(only Scholarly articles)
Due By 11:59 PM 03/28/2020
.
Safeby Rachael FabelurinSubmission dat e 07 - Jan- 201.docxrtodd599
Safe
by Rachael Fabelurin
Submission dat e : 07 - Jan- 2019 12:02PM (UT C+0000)
Submission ID: 98321601
File name : 94 812_Rachael_Fabelurin_Saf e_506158_84 631664 2.do cx
Word count : 4 369
Charact e r count : 24 07 0
1
Int ro. Int ro brief
¶
LO1.1
LO1.1
¶
E and E.Equal considerat ion t o LO's
LO2.1
ref up t o dat e 1
Good point s needs ref erences. Ref erence t hroughout your work
LO3.1
2
address immediat ely
RW
address immediat ely
4
LO1.1
Abbreviat ions
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over-reliance
LO3.1
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LO1.1
LO3.1
very good, however.....
6
8
LO1.1
9
LO3.1
analysis
LO3.1
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Good knowledge 1
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E and E.
Det ail
Expa
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desc wit h links f or analysis
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LO4.1
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13
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Good
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succinct
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Good knowledge 1
analysis
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ref -up t o dat e-1
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avoid f irst , second....
Conc. conc t oo brief
abbr - end t ext
4%
SIMILARIT Y INDEX
3%
INT ERNET SOURCES
0%
PUBLICAT IONS
1%
ST UDENT PAPERS
1 1%
2 <1%
3 <1%
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Safe
ORIGINALITY REPORT
PRIMARY SOURCES
Submitted to Bolton Institute of Higher
Education
St udent Paper
www.ncb.org.uk
Int ernet Source
Submitted to Coventry University
St udent Paper
www.grandparentsplus.org.uk
Int ernet Source
angliaruskin.openrepository.com
Int ernet Source
www.sor.org
Int ernet Source
www.tandf online.com
Int ernet Source
www.childrensmapping.org.uk
Int ernet Source
core.ac.uk
<1%
10 <1%
11 <1%
12 <1%
13 <1%
14 <1%
15 <1%
Exclude quo tes Of f
Exclude biblio graphy On
Exclude matches Of f
Int ernet Source
kinderschutzf onds.ch
Int ernet Source
www.childprotectioninquiry.qld.gov.au
Int ernet Source
ssrg.org.uk
Int ernet Source
sro.sussex.ac.uk
Int ernet Source
kemsley.kent.sch.uk
Int ernet Source
www.publications.parliament.uk
Int ernet Source
FINAL GRADE
30/100
Safe
GRADEMARK REPORT
GENERAL COMMENTS
Instructor
T hank yo u f o r submitting yo ur essay, I can see that
then similarity sco re is 21% which is acceptable but
please try to paraphrase mo re ef f ectively to keep
this sco re to a minimum.
Please review co mments belo w which explain ho w
yo u met the learning o utco mes and any po ints f o r
f uture develo pment.
LO1: Critically analyse the co ncepts o f saf eguarding
children and child abuse in the co ntext o f yo ur
pro f essio nal ro le.
MET
Yo u have explained the so cial wo rkers ro les and
respo nsibilities in relatio n to saf eguarding children in
detail, ho wever, the discussio n is a descriptio n o f
the so cial wo rker ro le rather than a critical
discussio n abo ut the co ncepts o f children and
saf eguarding. T he discussio ns wo uld f ro m mo re
analysis and co uld be achieved by f o llo wing the
written and verbal guidance I pro vi.
SAFEASSIGNCHECKTEST - CSU SAFEASSIGN PLAGIARISM CHECK TOOL
SafeAssign Originality Report Generator I
Odell Kruah
on Fri, Nov 30 2018, 4:44 PM
100% highest match
Submission ID: d0da8619-c56f-4e34-9af1-6edd71018503
Attachments (1)
PROJECT VI.docx
1 ODELL KRUAH PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT VI NOVEMBER 30,
2018
Part 1
1 DEVELOP AN IN-DEPTH SCHEDULE FOR THE PROJECT YOU
SELECTED AND USED TO DEVELOP THE STATEMENT OF WORK AND
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE IN UNIT III. PLEASE REFER TO
THE INTEGRATED PROJECT IN CHAPTER 10 ON PAGE 363 (PROJECT
SCHEDULING) OF THE TEXTBOOK FOR MORE INFORMATION. BE
SURE TO INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS:
· AN ACTIVITY PRECEDENCE DIAGRAM, · AN ACTIVITY DURATION
TABLE, AND · A NETWORK DIAGRAM AND GANTT CHARTS.
· AN ACTIVITY PRECEDENCE DIAGRAM:
(http://safeassign.blackboard.com/)
PROJECT VI.docx
Word Count: 862 Attachment ID: 244309330
100%
ACTIVITY DURATION TABLE:
ACTIVITY EXPECTED DURATION PREDECESSOR
A 5 DAYS ----
B 10 DAYS A
C 8 DAYS A
D 1 DAY A
E 5 DAYS B, C
F 10 DAYS D, E
G 14 DAYS F
H 3 DAYS G
I 12 DAYS F
J 6 DAYS H, I
A NETWORK DIAGRAM AND GANTT CHARTS:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
Part 2
1 PLEASE COMPLETE CASE STUDY 10.1: PROJECT SCHEDULING AT
BLANQUE CHECK CONSTRUCTION ON PAGE 360 OF THE TEXTBOOK,
AND ANSWER THE THREE QUESTIONS AT THE END.
Q1(ANS)
PRECEDENCE DIAGRAM:
1 C=DIFFERENT CONSRUCTION TYPES OF SCHEDULING METHODS
TYPE FROM 1 TO 9 P= DIFFERENT CONSRUCTION PROJECTS WHICH
SHOW THE TYPES OF SCHEDULING METHODS TYPE FROM 1 TO 9
O1=ORGANIZATION ONE O2= ORGANIZATION 2
S E C4 C5 O1 P9 P8 O2 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3 P2 C9 C8 C7 C6 C1 C2 C3 P1
Q2(ANS) ACCORDING TO MY RESEARCH LEVEL AND LITERATURE
REVIEW THE EXPERT OPINION AND PAST HISTORY BOTH ARE THE
BEST TO SOLVE PROBLEM FOR CALCULATING THE CRITICAL
PATH ,WHICH MAY ALSO TELL US THE DURATION OR PROJECT
DELAY TO HANDLE OR RUN OUR CONSTRUCTION COMPANY.
Q3(ANS) THESE BOTH HAVE SOME STRENGTHENS AND
WEAKNESSES AND BOTH GIVE THE RESULTS PROBABLY SAME , BUT
ACCORDING TO LITERATURE AOA IS THE BENEFICIAL FOR
MODELING IT WILL BE HELPFUL AND IN THE BUSINESS FIELD IT
WILL BE IMPORTANT AON WILL BE LESS WIDELY USED , IN CASE OF
LARGE AND COMPLEX PROJECTS IT IS EASIER TO EMPLOY THE
PATH PROCESS USED IN THE AOA. ACCORDING TO AOA WE
ACHIEVE THE EVERY MILESTONE AND PARTICULARLY USED THE
DUMMY PROJECTS OR ACTIVITIES THE CONCEPT OF DUMMY
PROJECT IS NOT SIMPLE AND EASY IT REQUIRE MORE TRAINING
AND PRACTICE. AON CONVENTION ,AOA NETWORK USED BOTH
NODES AND ARROW TO LABEL THE PROJECT.
Part 3
1 DEVELOP A NETWORK ACTIVITY CHART, AND IDENTIFY THE
CRITICAL PATH FOR A PROJECT BASED ON THE INFORMATION
PROVIDED IN THE GANTT CHART BELOW. DRAW THE ACTIVITY
NETWORK AS A GANTT CHART. WHAT IS THE EXPECTED DURATION
OF THE PROJECT?
ACTIVITY EXPECTED DURATION PREDECESSOR
A 5 DAYS ----
B 10 DAYS A
C 8 DAYS A
D 1 DAY A
E 5 DAYS B, C
F 10 DAYS D, E
G 14 DAYS F
H 3 DAYS G
I 12 DAYS F
J 6 DAYS H, I.
Safe Work Environment Please respond to the followingRecommen.docxrtodd599
Safe Work Environment"
Please respond to the following:
Recommend a key objective that should be included in an HR policy to help ensure the existence of a work environment that protects employees from situations involving harassment, violence, or breaches of personal information. Provide support for your rationale.
Agree or disagree that legal requirements for employee safety and welfare are essential to keeping employees safe. Support your rationale.
.
Sadder and Less Accurate False Memory for NegativeMaterial .docxrtodd599
Sadder and Less Accurate? False Memory for Negative
Material in Depression
Jutta Joormann
University of Miami
Bethany A. Teachman
University of Virginia
Ian H. Gotlib
Stanford University
Previous research has demonstrated that induced sad mood is associated with increased accuracy of recall
in certain memory tasks; the effects of clinical depression, however, are likely to be quite different. The
authors used the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm to examine the impact of clinical depression on
erroneous recall of neutral and/or emotional stimuli. Specifically, they presented Deese-Roediger-
McDermott lists that were highly associated with negative, neutral, or positive lures and compared
participants diagnosed with major depressive disorder and nondepressed control participants on the
accuracy of their recall of presented material and their false recall of never-presented lures. Compared
with control participants, major depressive disorder participants recalled fewer words that had been
previously presented but were more likely to falsely recall negative lures; there were no differences
between major depressive disorder and control participants in false recall of positive or neutral lures.
These findings indicate that depression is associated with false memories of negative material.
Keywords: depression, memory, cognition, emotion, bias
Mood states and emotions affect memory in various ways.
Mood-induction studies, for example, have demonstrated that neg-
ative affect is associated with increased accuracy in retrieval
(Storbeck & Clore, 2005), whereas positive mood states are asso-
ciated with decreases in processing capacity (Mackie & Worth,
1989) and reduced processing motivation (Wegener & Petty,
1994), resulting in less accurate recall (Ruder & Bless, 2003). At
the same time, research on mood-congruency suggests that affec-
tive states increase the accessibility of mood-congruent material
(Bower, 1981). Understanding this complex interaction of mood
and memory is important, given its critical role in emotion regu-
lation and emotional disorders.
Individual differences in mood-congruent memory and in the
accessibility of mood-incongruent material have been proposed to
predict the ability to regulate negative mood states (Joormann &
Siemer, 2004; Joormann, Siemer, & Gotlib, 2007). Indeed, depres-
sion, by definition a disorder characterized by difficulty regulating
negative mood states, is associated with two distinct but related
memory impairments.
First, difficulties in cognitive control (i.e., focal attention to
relevant stimuli and inhibition of irrelevant material) result in
memory deficits for nonemotional material (Burt, Zembar, &
Niederehe, 1995; Hertel, 2004). In a series of studies, Hertel and
her collaborators (Hertel, 1998; Hertel & Rude, 1991) presented
evidence indicating that depression-related impairments are not
observed in all components of memory but are found primarily in
free-recall tasks and in other unstructu.
Safe Work Environment Please respond to the followingRecomme.docxrtodd599
"Safe Work Environment"
Please respond to the following:
Recommend a key objective that should be included in an HR policy to help ensure the existence of a work environment that protects employees from situations involving harassment, violence, or breaches of personal information. Provide support for your rationale.
Provide an example of a specific policy or process required by your current or previous employee that helps keep employees safe at work.
Documentation"
Please respond to the following:
Suggest the most significant type of documentation that should be maintained in an employee’s HR file to protect the organization from legal action.
Recommend a strategy for handling employee documentation to ensure that privacy obligations are not violated. Provide support for your recommendation.
.
Safe Work Environment Please respond to the followingRecomme.docxrtodd599
An HR policy should include protecting employees from harassment, violence, and privacy breaches. Maintaining documentation of employee training is important for legal protection. Employee files should be securely stored and accessed only with permission to prevent privacy violations.
S216 MAN506 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR https://online.cdu.edu.au/webapps/rubric/do/course/manageRubrics?di...
1 of 2 29/06/2016 1:54 PM
S216 MAN506 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR https://online.cdu.edu.au/webapps/rubric/do/course/manageRubrics?di...
2 of 2 29/06/2016 1:54 PM
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW ON HYBRID CLASSES
LITERATURE REVIEW ON HYBRID CLASSES
Literature review on hybrid classes
Author’s name
Institutions affiliations
Hybrid classes and learning can be described as a combination of both faces to face learning that may at times involve lectures and online learning which is not always a must. Lectures may at times be considered, but that is not always the case for it to be a hybrid form of learning. The kind of hybrid learning and classes can be classified into two different categories. Those include the replacement, supplemental learning, the emporium and the buffet kind of classification. The types are divided depending on face to face classes interacts with the online constituents of the course in question. For the case of replacement, mostly the one on one kind of learning with the tutors and the lectures are completely replaced or rather substituted fully or partly by the online classes. This then reduces the time spent on attending the classes. In such a case, students are usually required to concentrate more on watching videos on YouTube and tackling assignments assigned to them. Hybrid learning is a platform that will help on saving the time spent by the students when they run from one class to another so as to have an encounter with the lecturers. It is, therefore, more revolutionized compared to the normal traditional forms of learning. The subsequent paragraphs in this essay will outline a literature review from various sources for the research on how the hybrid learning is more important compared to the traditional learning methods and to know why most of the universities use this type .
Literature review
Several studies and research has been conducted on the reasons as to why the hybrid form of learning and the hybrid classes are more important or more uses so they are taking over the traditional forms of learning which include face to face learning and attending the lectures. Several controversies have arisen from different authors on outlining some of the reasons as to why hybrid learning should be promoted. Renowned scholars have published articles and journals as well as books on the same. Most people and students have been left in a dilemma on whatever means to use so as to acquire the knowledge they require. The many advantages that have come with the hybrid kind of learning have made many universities and learning institutions across the globe to adopt the new mode of learning that is hybrid classes and sort to drop or rather do away with the online classes or the face to face classes. So many factors have been found to contribute to that decision by the management team of most .
SAAD COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCESUNIVERSI.docxrtodd599
SAAD COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES
UNIVERSIY OF ULESTER
Student name: Fatimah Aldawood
ID number: SNC:136193
Cohort: (Year 4 semester 2)
Course Title: BSc (Hons) in Nursing Studies
Module Title: Developing research proposal
Module Code: NUR 585 CRN: 59060
Words Count:
Date:
Lecturer responsible for unit:
List of content:
The content
Pages
Table of content
2
Acknowledgment
3
Abstract
4
Literature review
5-
Significant of the study
Aim, Objectives and Research question
Methodology
Setting
Population
Sampling
Tools for data collection
Robustness of the study
Ethical consideration
Pilot study
Data analysis
Process of data collection
Outcomes
Time scale
Budget
Appendix A: information leaflet
Appendix B: consent forms
Appendix C questionnaire part1
Appendix C: interview questionnaire part2
Reference
Acknowledgement:
First of all, I would like to thank my mother and my sister to their emotional support, they encourage drove me into this level. Then I have to say thanks to my teachers for their good learning to me. Finally, I hope that my research study stimulates nurses to give more and understand the importance of great nursing profession.
The Effective of Nursing Education and Attitude to Improve Knowledge in Palliative Care of Hospital- internationally.
Abstract:
This research going to describe the effect of nursing education and attitude to improve knowledge in palliative care of hospital- internationally. The palliative is medical specialty caring for people with chronic and serous disease. This type of care concentrate on rest of patient from the symptoms and stress diseases. The aims is to improve clarity of life for both the patient and their family. However nursing education and attitude have real affect on patient health, by improve nursing education patient care can improved. Even if the nurse dos not have enough education she can progress himself by continuous learning. "The 2011 Public Opinion Strategies found that most Americans believe that palliative care should be made available to all hospitals "(Center to Advance Palliative Care [CAPC], 2011).
Background: Long work in medical area can affect in the Knowledge and attitude for the nurse it could in bad or good way, So the nurse have to improve himself to achieve the standard of care for patient in Palliative Care. Because of around the world the numbers of patients who`s need palliative care is increased, and the nurse come from the first line of patient care.
Method: A quantitative study will used to explore the determine the knowledge and attitude of Saudi nurse who is provide care for palliative patient.
Data collection:
Data collection is "the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes". The data collection compo.
S18 SOCI 111: Social Networks
Homework 4
DUE: 6/6/19
81 points total
Instructions: As before, these problems give you an opportunity to use the concepts and
techniques we’ve learned in class to analyze interesting social systems. This time I’ve
leaned more toward interesting conceptual puzzles rather than brute calculations. I
encourage you to work in groups (of no more than 5), but each student should prepare
her or his own solutions, along with a note at the top of your assignment crediting
other members of the working group. Please make sure you truly understand the
solution to a problem, and please: DO NOT COPY SOLUTIONS. This includes copying
solutions from earlier years. We will figure it out. Do not go to the testbank at SAC, do
not go to Course Hero, and do not get solutions from friends who have taken the course
in the past. This will impede your learning, it will not prepare you for the final exam, and
I will treat it as academic misconduct.
In general, you should show your work rather than just writing down a number. This
makes it easier for us to see that you know what you are doing, and easier for you to
see when you’ve made a trivial mistake. On the other hand, don’t just throw everything
vaguely relevant at the wall and hope that something sticks. You need to be judicious!
Please turn in a hard copy of your solutions to the TA at the beginning of class. Your
submission should be neat and legible: you can type it up or write it out by hand, but we
aren’t going to engage in decipherment here. Please follow the breakdown of questions
into parts (a, b, c, etc.) to make these easier for your TA to grade.
Q1. Why is it sometimes rational to imitate the behavior of others? Briefly describe
two reasons, and give an example of each. (6 points)
Q2. You are in charge of marketing a new smartphone app, SeeFood, that allows
users to share pictures of food with each other. Uptake of the app will obey the
following dynamical rule:
If the company spends $50,000 on marketing, it can get a fraction z’ of the population to
Adopt the app at time 0. This fraction z’ is between B and C—just above B, in fact. If the
company spends $300,000 on marketing, it can get a fraction z’’ of the population to
Adopt at time 0 (mostly by giving the App away). This fraction z’’ is close to D. You think
that the company should spend the $300,000, as it will get you close to total adoption.
Your intern argues that you should spend $50,000 on marketing instead. If adoption
settles at fraction A, your company will make $0 in revenue; at fraction B, your company
will make $100,000 in revenue; at fraction C, your company will make $200,000 in
revenue; and at fraction D, your company will make $500,000 in revenue.
a) Explain why you are wrong, by showing that you will actually lose money
if you spend the $300,000 to get a fraction z’’ of the population to Adopt.
Remember, in.
SAAD COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SC.docxrtodd599
SAAD COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCINCE - UNIVERSITY OF ULESTER
ACDAMIC YEAR 2018-19
Semester one
Assignment Title: Nutrition Knowledge among Young Pregnant Women in Middle East.
Student name: Alreem Ali Alaliwat
ID number: SNC 146046 \ UU ID: B00697863
Cohort: 16 (Year 4 semester 2)
Course Title: B.Sc (Hons) in Nursing Studies
Module Title: Developing a research proposal
Module Code: NUS 585 CRN: 59064
Words Count: 6000
Date: 29/11/2018
Lecturer responsible for unit: Dr. Safia Belal
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement2
Abstract3
Chapter 15
Introduction5
1.Young Pregnant Women6
2.Nutrition Knowledge7
3.Education Need for Pregnant Words7
Significant Of the Study8
Aim of the Study9
Research Question9
Objective10
Research Question10
Chapter 211
Design11
Setting12
Sampling and Population13
Inclusion Criteria13
Exclusion Criteria13
Data Collection13
Ethical Considering14
Pilot Study15
Data Analysis16
Procedure of the Main Study17
Chapter 318
Time Scale18
Budget19
Expected Outcome20
References21
Appendix I Consent Form27
Appendix II Participant Leaflet27
Appendix III Questionnaire28
About Nutrition29
Acknowledgement:
First of all, I am thankful of Allah for helping me to complete this research .
Through this paper, I'm a proud of working with all the participant and I appreciate your efforts that were help and support me especially my lovely husband and my sister Dr.Ghada
Also I would like to give special thanks to Dr.Safiah Bilal , special thanx for here for the kindness, guidance, encouragement, and suggestions du ring writing this study.
Alreem.
Nutrition Knowledge among Young Pregnant Women In Saudi ArabiaAbstract:
Background: Nutrition plays a key role during pregnancy in the sense that the nourishment that a pregnant woman gets determines the nutrients that the developing fetus gets. Nutrition knowledge in this case refers to information and skills that an individual normally has pertaining food intake. In respect to the research topic, this refers to information and skills needed by pregnant women.
Aim: The aim of the study identify nutrition knowledge among young pregnant women.
Sample: the sample population of these study is the young pregnant women they take probability sample fore 100 participants.
Methodology: the researcher uses quantitative design for statics and data analysis, as well random sample, it will be at Almanaa Hospital.
Key words : Nutrition , knowledge , pregnancy
Nutrition Knowledge among Young Pregnant Women In Saudi ArabiaChapter 1Introduction
The purpose of the study is to investigate and establish whether pregnant young Saudi women have the needed nutritional knowledge. Nutrition plays a key role during pregnancy in the sense that the nourishment that a pregnant woman gets determines the nutrients that the deve.
Sadly today police are not often viewed in the best light. Not a.docxrtodd599
Sadly today police are not often viewed in the best light. Not all officers are bad or are guilty of misconduct. However many people think a few bad ones spoil them all and while it is not true perception is everything. When officers are apart of misconduct, bad behaviors and other negative incidents this ruins community trust and support. Early intervention systems have surfaced as a useful tool in managing the risk of misconduct by police. As stated earlier its only a small amount of officers that are responsible for citizen complaints. These complaints are comprised of use of physical force and other infractions. (2020) When indicators are monitored or risk related outputs by officers so to speak.
Administrators can then recognize or identify actions of officers that are symptomatic or are problomatic indicators of possible police misconduct. Research shows that typically misconduct is skewed across a small group of officers at any given time. Officers who participate in misconduct aften have similar histories concerning age and pre-employment. It is found these things build over time they do not just happen out of the blue. This makes it very important to identify problems lying in wait. Such things as officer bias, not understanding policies, supervisors with poor supervisory skills any problems that could trigger or add to future events unfolding. It is prdent to look for any traits, actions or performance issues that raise speculation. These are the factors that snowball over time and lead to ubfortunate events. (2020
respond to this discussion question in 150 words
.
SA #1 What is Ekman Divergence Wherewhat are three location.docxrtodd599
SA #1: What is Ekman Divergence? Where/what are three locations/conditions
where this phenomenon occurs in the ocean? What physical oceanographic
phenomenon is a consequence of divergence? What sort of biological response
is also frequently associated with divergence?
SA #3: Consider sunlight striking planet Earth and the energy that subsequently
radiates back to space. Describe what kind of light enters and leaves the Earth.
Are these two energy fluxes in balance at all locations on Earth? Are they in
balance on average? What role does the ocean play in the movement of energy
at Earth’s surface?
1.
Global Leadership 2019-2020
Under Guidance from Dr. Sriram Rajagopalan
LDR 6145
Northeastern University
Table of Contents
Global Leadership Success Through Emotional and Cultural Intelligences.....................................5
The Global Leadership of Carlos Ghosn at Nissan.........................................................................17
Gojo Industries: Aiming for Global Sustainability Leadership.........................................................29
Leadership in a Globalizing World..................................................................................................41
Regional Strategies for Global Leadership.....................................................................................85
Rising Costs of Bad Leadership.....................................................................................................99
Learning to Manage Global Innovation Projects...........................................................................103
Global Leadership 2019-2020 LDR 6145
Under Guidance from Dr. Sriram Rajagopalan Northeastern University
2.
Global leadership success through emotional and
cultural intelligences
Ilan Alon, James M. Higgins*
Roy E. Crummer Graduate School of Business, Rollins College, 1000 Holt Ave-2722, Winter Park, FL 32789,
USA
Abstract Culturally attuned and emotionally sensitive global leaders need to be
developed: leaders who can respond to the particular foreign environments of
different countries and different interpersonal work situations. Two emerging
constructs are especially relevant to the development of successful global leaders:
cultural and emotional intelligences. When considered under the traditional view of
intelligence as measured by IQ, cultural, and emotional intelligences provide a
framework for better understanding cross-cultural leadership and help clarify
possible adaptations that need to be implemented in leadership development
programs of multinational firms. This article posits that emotional intelligence (EQ),
analytical intelligence (IQ), and leadership behaviors are moderated by cultural
intelligence (CQ) in the formation of global leadership success.
D 2005 Kelley School of Business, Indiana University. All rights reserved.
bBut when a prince acquires the sovereignty of a
country differing from his own .
S&J Plumbing, Inc.s 2010 income statement shows a net profit before.docxrtodd599
S&J Plumbing, Inc.'s 2010 income statement shows a net profit before tax of $468, whereas the balance sheet that the company's equity for the fiscal year-end 2010 is $1,746.
Calculate the company's return on equity and explain whether the managers are providing a good return on the capital provided by the company’s shareholders.
Diagram and explain the operating cycle of a service company.
.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
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PART 1:
Abstract
Introduction
Conclusion
PART 2; mini-security policy
References
TOBACCO 21 LAW
5
Although tobacco is legalized by law, it is the leading cause of
2. preventable death in the United States. Tobacco control efforts
have recently been geared towards raising the minimum age of
legally purchasing tobacco to 21 years. This is to raise tobacco-
free children and consequently reduce the number of deaths
resulting from tobacco use. Raising the age limit is justified
because those that are 21 and above are less likely to be
hanging out with those that are under 18 years; this reduces the
teen’s access to tobacco. Secondly, it would reduce the
difficulty in telling whether the buyers are underage which
consequently reduces illegal sales. Thirdly, a high percentage
(94%) of adult smokers first experimented before the age of 21
years and 81% before the age of 18 years (Huang et al, 2018). It
is expected that the raise will have similar effects as those
experienced with alcohol. In alcohol, it led to reduced alcohol
consumption among the youth, reduced drunk driving fatalities
and reduced alcohol dependency.
Background
The negative impact of nicotine has necessitated the
implementation of this law because nicotine companies usually
target young adults as their key market. This has led to an
increase in the number of dependency smokers in their
adulthood. Research has shown that every day an approximate
of 350 teenagers under the age of 18 years become regular
smokers. One in every three will die as a result of smoking
(Huang et al, 2018). It is the responsibility of the government
and the public, in general, to protect the youth from smoking
and consequently save lives. Eleven states have joined in on the
Tobacco 21 law and raised the age limit to 21 years. They are
Arkansas, California, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts,
Oregon, New Jersey, Virginia, Utah, and Washington.
History of Tobacco Law 21
Many countries throughout the world have raised the minimum
legal age for the purchase and use of tobacco. This includes
Singapore, Honduras, Kuwait, Samoa, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, and
Uganda. In Singapore however, it began to be raised in January
3. 2019 to 19 years, and the age will be raised progressively to 21
years by 2021 (Amul & Pang, 2018). In some countries, the
implementation was difficult at the begging due to resistance
and lack of compliance. However, there are countries such as
Uganda where compliance was not a problem. After a specific
period, the compliance rates increased, and the countries started
to experience the positive impact of the legislation (Adebiyi &
Oluwafemi, 2018). It led to a reduction in the number of
smoking youths, and this is expected to be projected in the
future for adults. The number of deaths associated with
complications arising from tobacco smoking and partial
smoking is also projected to reduce significantly.
United States of America
In the USA, tobacco 21 is a campaign carried out by the
Preventing Tobacco Addiction, aimed at raising the minimum
legal age for sale and use of tobacco as 21 years. The
foundation was established in 1996, and its main aim is to
reduce the negative impact of tobacco smoking through
preventive efforts (Apollonio & Glantz, 2015). The first state to
sign the tobacco 21 bill was Hawaii, and the implementation
was to begin on 1st January 2016. The penalty for breaking the
law was $10 fine for the first offense and $50 for the second or
community service. Retailers selling to those under 21 faced a
penalty ranging from $500 to $2000. Hawaii was closely
followed by California where the bill was signed on 4th May
2016. Washington, D.C. signed the bill on 1st October 2018,
and it was paired by a raise on cigarette tax by 68% which made
them more costly. In the USA, the tobacco 21 law applies to e-
cigarettes which have become very common among the youth.
Apart from the states, there are local movements, and many
localities and cities have enacted the law (Morain & Malek,
2017).
The Impact
A study carried out to determine the effectiveness of the
tobacco 21 law in California reported that there was a reduction
in the number of youths purchasing tobacco after the
4. implementation of the tobacco 21 law. Retailers pose a problem
especially the tobacco-only retailers as they violate the law and
sell to individuals below 21 years. In California, a high
percentage of the youth were in support of the law (Zang,
Vuong, Andersen-Rodgers & Roeseler, 2018). This is a good
indication as it would project to higher reductions in the number
of youth that were smoking. The results are similar for the other
states and cities which have implemented the law. Tobacco
hurts health. Therefore, the tobacco 21 law is a welcome relief
to many. It has been embraced in countries around the world
where it has had a positive impact. In the USA, it has been
implemented a few states and regions where it has also had a
good response. The law includes all tobacco products and the
penalty for those who break it. It has led to a reduction in the
number of youth smokers and consequently an improvement in
their health and quality of life.
Work cited
Adebiyi, A. O., & Oluwafemi, A. (2017). Assessment of tobacco
control efforts in three sub-Saharan African countries. Nigerian
postgraduate medical Journal, 24(1), 8.
Amul, G. G. H., & Pang, T. (2018). Progress in tobacco control
in Singapore: Lessons and challenges in the implementation of
the framework convention on tobacco control. Asia & the
Pacific Policy Studies, 5(1), 102-121.
Apollonio, D. E., & Glantz, S. A. (2016). Minimum ages of
legal access for tobacco in the United States from 1863 to
2015. American journal of public health, 106(7), 1200-1207.
Huang, L. L., Lazard, A., Pepper, J., Noar, S., Ranney, L., &
Goldstein, A. (2017). Impact of The Real Cost campaign on
adolescents’ recall, attitudes, and risk perceptions about tobacco
5. use: a national study. International journal of environmental
research and public health, 14(1), 42.
Morain, S. R., & Malek, J. (2017). Minimum age of sale for
tobacco products and electronic cigarettes: ethical acceptability
of US “tobacco 21 laws”. American journal of public
health, 107(9), 1401-1405.
Zhang, X., Vuong, T. D., Andersen-Rodgers, E., & Roeseler, A.
(2018). Evaluation of California’s ‘Tobacco 21’law. Tobacco
control, 27(6), 656-662.
WHAT BINDS WELL-FORMED IT SECURITY POLICIES
together is a sense of shared beliefs, purpose, and urgency.
Within your organization, you will achieve
that, in part, by establishing principles that create a shared
vision, by empowering others to act, and by institutionalizing
support processes. It’s important that the
implementation of IT security policies become second nature to
the organization. That is, business processes should be designed
with the controls needed to
implement and maintain security policies built in.
For example, consider the issue of emergency access to a server
in the middle of the night. Gaining access may require going
through a firecall system that will issue
an ID and password only when approval by the manager is
obtained. In that way security policies are enforced and cannot
be bypassed. But that process assumes
there is a shared belief that such controls are important. That
extra step of obtaining approval before accessing the server in
the middle of the night is of value. The
6. business may see the deal as an unneeded delay, given skilled
staff that can be trusted to do the right thing. Defining a shared
set of core security principles and vision
is vital to how IT security policies are designed and
implemented.
This chapter gives you a micro look into each document within
the collection of policy framework documents.
Chapter 7 Topics
This chapter covers the following topics and concepts:
• Which principles and concepts are important in the design of
policy
• How to organize the contents of an IT policy framework
• What to consider when implementing the policy and
standards library
• What the importance of the policy change control board is
• How to maintain the policy and standards library over time
• What best practices are for policies and standards
maintenance
• What some case studies and examples of IT security policy
management and maintenance are
Chapter 7 Goals
When you complete this chapter, you will be able to:
7. • Describe the characteristics of a “good” policy or standard
that meets the organization’s needs
• Describe the core security principles that policy writers
should keep in mind while developing policies
• Explain what an architecture operating model is and why it is
important
• Explain the review and approval process for policies,
standards, procedures, and guidance documents
• Explain the document publication and training and awareness
processes needed for policies and standards
• Explain the role and activities of the policy change control
board
• Describe the processes needed for maintaining and updating
policies and standards
Policies and Standards Design Considerations
All documents in a policy and standards library are meant for
people to read and consume. Policies and standards are not
guidelines that offer suggestions. They are a
collection of concrete definitions that describe acceptable and
unacceptable human behavior. There are consequences for
failing to follow approved standards.
Developing them is not a trivial undertaking.
There’s little point in writing documents that people cannot
understand or that make compliance highly difficult or
8. impossible. The best kinds of documents are
clearly worded and address the six key questions who, what,
where, when, why, and how.
NOTE
Most often, the questions related to where, when, and how are
more appropriate for procedures or guidelines rather than
policies or standards. Try to keep your policies and
standards at the what, who, and why levels of detail.
These questions provide a consistent direction in writing
policies and standards. Journalists traditionally ask these six
questions as they research and write news
stories. Most readers, of news articles and policy documents
alike, are busy. They need concise and precise information.
Lack of clarity forces readers to make
assumptions. Often those assumptions are wrong. When you
answer these questions within the first few sections of your
documents, you increase the reader’s
comfort level and increase the likelihood of compliance.
TIP
When writing policies and standards, avoid using terms like
should when you mean must or need to.
Effective policies are those that employees understand and
embrace. It’s simply human nature for people to work harder for
something they believe in. This depends
on a shared belief system. These shared beliefs are collectively
9. described as the organizational culture. Some organizations
have a strong command and control
culture. This dictates that policies and standards are written as
strong, imperative statements; for example, “You must log off
at the end of each workday.” Other
organizations use subtler phrases and tone, intended to persuade
those who must follow the policy. But it’s important to avoid
using “squishy” language or loose
terms when developing your documents. If you allow people to
interpret your requirements on their own, they might look for
ways to opt out of them.
The challenge is how to establish, or recognize, a core set of
beliefs that can influence how you write policies. One method is
to break the problem down into how the
security controls are to be implemented and what controls are
needed.
Architecture Operating Model
An architecture operating model can help you understand how
the security controls are to be implemented. One issue over
which disagreement often arises is
how much security should be centralized or decentralized within
the business. A discussion of the architecture operating model
within the company can identify areas
of disagreement and create a common set of beliefs on the
proper placement and implementation of controls.
There are different ways to have this broad architectural
10. conversation. One way is outlined in a book entitled Enterprise
Architecture as Strategy: Creating a
Foundation for Business Execution, by Jeanne W. Ross, Peter
Weill, and David C. Robertson. Their approach was to analyze
and categorize the primary operating
model of the business on the basis of four concepts: diversified,
coordinated, replicated, and unified. As you can see by Figure
7-1, these operating model concepts
are aligned with how the business chooses to integrate and
standardize with an enterprise solution. In general, the higher
level of integration and standardization in
an enterprise solution, the easier it is to implement security
policies. The more the leaders of the business are deploying
their own solution, the harder it is to
implement security policies. The following defines in context to
IT solutions each quadrant of Figure 7-1 in the context of IT
solutions:
FIGURE 7-1
The four basic business operating models.
• Diversified—In the diversified operating model, the
technology solution has a low level of integration and
standardization with the enterprise. Typically, the
exchange of data and use of services outside the business unit
itself is minimal.
• Coordinated—In a coordinated operating model, the
technology solution shares data across the enterprise. However,
11. the level of shared services and
standardization are minimal.
• Replicated—In a replicated operating model, the technology
solution shares services across the enterprise. However, the
level of data sharing is minimal.
• Unified—In a unified operating model, the technology
solution both shares data and has standardized services across
the enterprise.
Typically, you will have both highly integrated and less
integrated systems across the enterprise. These choices are
made by the business and thus reflect the beliefs
the business holds. For example, if a business makes many
changes to an application over a year, it may want more direct
control over the technology. The staff may
see control as critical to their success. This is especially true if
they feel they have to make technological changes throughout
the year to keep up with the market. This
approach can lead to standalone solutions that are business-
specific and less integrated with enterprise solutions.
The four concepts (diversified, coordinated, replicated, and
unified) align with service integration and service
standardization. Service integrationgenerally refers to
how much shared data is used across a business. Service
standardization, on the other hand, refers to how much control
the business has in setting up its solutions
and processes. For example, a real estate business may have a
high degree of service integration. The company may share data
12. on new home purchases between the
business unit that sold the home and the unit that sells insurance
for the home.
The architecture operating model can have a profound effect on
how your controls are implemented and how policies are
written. The challenge is balancing the
needs of the business and the enterprise need to control
security. These deliberate choices the business makes typically
reflects the beliefs of the business’s leaders.
NOTE
It is important not to underestimate the strong feelings the
business has in the level of controls it wants over technology.
The challenge is selecting an operating model that the
business can commit to and that will ensure that IT security
policies are enforced.
Principles for Policy and Standards Development
No two organizations or risk assessment outcomes are the same;
there are no universal recipes for building an IT security
program. Instead, principles help you make
decisions in new situations using proven experience and
industry best practices. By considering several principles, you
can derive control requirements and help
make implementation decisions.
Use the following principles to help you develop policies,
standards, baselines, procedures, and guidelines. These are the
common core security principles
13. recommended for industry best practices, regardless of the
organization’s business nature:
• Accountability principle—The personal responsibility of
information systems security should be explicit. Some roles in
the organization are accountable only
for the work they perform daily. Other roles are accountable for
their own work, plus all the work performed by their team of
employees. Accountability helps to
ensure that people understand they are solely responsible for
actions they take while using organization resources. You can
think of accountability as a deterrent
control.
• Awareness principle—Owners, providers, and users of
information systems, as well as other parties, should be
informed of the existence and general context of
policies, responsibilities, practices, procedures, and
organization for security of information systems.
• Ethics principle—The way information systems are designed,
and the level of access to data reflected in the security controls,
should operate in accordance with
the organization’s ethical standards. This includes the level of
disclosure and access to customer data.
• Multidisciplinary principle—Policy and standards library
documents should be written to consider everyone affected,
including technical, administrative,
organizational, operational, commercial, educational, and legal
personnel.
• Proportionality principle—Security levels, costs, practices,
14. and procedures should be appropriate and proportionate to the
value of the data and the degree of
reliance on the system. They should also be proportional to the
potential severity, probability, and extent of harm to the system
or loss of the data. In other words,
don’t spend $1,000 to protect $500 worth of assets.
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and/9781284055993/16_ch7.xhtml#fig7-1
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and/9781284055993/16_ch7.xhtml#fig7-1
• Integration principle—Your documents should be
coordinated and integrated with each other. They should also
integrate with other relevant measures,
practices, and procedures for a coherent system of security.
• Defense-in-depth principle—Security increases when it is
implemented as a series of overlapping layers of controls and
countermeasures that provide three
elements to secure assets: prevention, detection, and response.
This is referred to as defense in depth. It is both a military
concept and an information security
concept. Defense in depth dictates that security mechanisms be
layered so that the weaknesses of one mechanism are countered
by the strengths of two or more other
mechanisms.
• Timeliness principle—All personnel, assigned agents, and
third-party providers should act in a timely and coordinated
manner to prevent and to respond to
breaches of the security.
15. • Reassessment principle—The security of information systems
should be periodically reassessed. Risks to technology change
daily and periodic reassessments
are needed to assure that security requirements and practices are
kept current with these changes. Standards also need
reassessments, at least annually, to assure
they represent the current state of affairs.
• Democracy principle—The security of an information system
should be balanced against the rights of customers, users, and
other people affected by the system
versus your rights as the owners and operators of these systems.
In other words, consider your users or partners when requiring
information that could place their
privacy rights at risk.
• Internal control principle—Information security forms the
core of an organization’s information internal control systems.
Regulations mandate that internal
control systems be in place and operating correctly.
Organizations rely on technology to maintain business records.
It’s essential that such technology include internal
control mechanisms. These maintain the integrity of the
information and represent a true picture of the organization’s
activities.
• Adversary principle—Controls, security strategies,
architectures, and policy library documents should be developed
and implemented in anticipation of attack
from intelligent, rational, and irrational adversaries who may
intend harm.
• Least privilege principle—People should be granted only
16. enough privilege to accomplish assigned tasks and no more.
• Separation of duty principle—Responsibilities and privileges
should be divided to prevent a person or a small group of
collaborating people from
inappropriately controlling multiple key aspects of a process
and causing harm or loss. For example, in an accounting
department, the person preparing invoices for
payment should not be the same person writing the checks for
payment.
• Continuity principle—Identify your organization’s needs for
disaster recovery and continuity of operations. Prepare the
organization and its information
systems accordingly.
• Simplicity principle—Try to favor small and simple
safeguards over large and complex ones. Security is improved
when it’s made simpler.
• Policy-centered security principle—Policies, standards, and
procedures should be established as the formal basis for
managing the planning, control, and
evaluation of all information security activities.
The Importance of Transparency with Regard to Customer Data
Policies related to the handling and use of customer data should
include the concept of transparency. Organizations should be
transparent and should notify
individuals of the collection, use, dissemination, and
maintenance of personally identifiable information (PII). PII is
information that can be used to identify a
17. specific person. This can be something used alone, such as a
person’s name.
TIP
Whenever customer data is involved, be sure to check with your
compliance team on the legal requirements related to handling
and use of such data.
A closely related concept is as nonpublic personal information
(NPI). This is the term the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act uses to
refer to any personally identifiable
financial information that a consumer provides to a financial
institution.
Transparency with regard to handling of customer data should
include the following elements:
• Individual participation—Organizations should involve the
individual in the process of using PII and seek individual
consent. This consent should include the
collection, use, dissemination, and maintenance of PII.
Organizations should also provide mechanisms for appropriate
access, correction, and redress regarding use
of PII.
• Purpose specification—Organizations should specifically
describe the authority that permits the collection of PII and
articulate the purpose or purposes for
which they intend to use data.
• Data minimization—Organizations should collect only PII
that is directly relevant and necessary to accomplish the
specified purpose(s). Additionally, they
18. should retain PII only for as long as is necessary to fulfill the
specified purpose(s).
• Use limitation—Organizations should use PII solely for the
purpose(s) specified. If PII is shared, it should be for a purpose
for which it was collected.
Types of Controls for Policies and Standards
With a shared sense of purpose and beliefs within the business
and principles in hand, you can begin to map what you want to
accomplish with the security controls.
Security controls are measures taken to protect systems from
attacks on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the
system. Sometimes, safeguards and
countermeasures are used synonymously with the word control.
Controls are chosen after the risk assessment of the assets is
complete. Once you have identified and
assessed the risks to your assets, you can select the appropriate
control to counter the threat, mitigate, or reduce the risks.
Security Control Types
Security controls can be described according to two different
categorization schemes: one based upon what the control is and
the other based upon what the control
does.
The first category includes administrative, technical, and
physical control categories. They describe what the control
actually is, such as a named process, a standard,
19. a firewall, or a locked door:
• Administrative controls are the policies, standards, and
procedures that guide employees when conducting the
organization’s business. Pre-employment
screening of personnel and a change management process are
also examples of administrative controls.
• Technical security controls are the devices, protocols, and
other technology used to protect assets. These include antivirus
systems, cryptographic systems,
firewalls, and more.
• Physical security controls are the devices used to control
physical access. Examples here are fences, security guards,
locked doors, motion detectors, and
alarms.
The second set of controls describes what controls do. These
controls include the following:
• Preventive security controls prevent intentional or
unintentional security threats. Examples include network access
policies, firewall rules, and locks on wiring
closets and server room doors.
• Detective or response controls act like alarms and warnings.
These controls kick in after an incident begins. Examples
include motion detectors, log files, and
files that contain system audit information.
• Corrective controls help you respond to and fix a security
incident. Corrective controls are also used to limit or stop
further damage. Some examples include
20. cleaning a virus off a system, closing a firewall port, and
blocking an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
• Recovery controls help you put a system back into operation
once an incident ends. Disaster recovery and tape backups fit
into this category.
There is significant overlap between security control categories.
Some controls can be administrative and preventive or technical
and corrective, or any combination.
This overlap occurs by design for the purpose implementing the
principle of defense in depth.
You can find catalogs of security controls for virtually every
security topic. One such catalog is called Control Objectives for
Information and related Technology, or
COBIT for short. COBIT is an IT governance framework
developed by ISACA that includes supporting tools to help
bridge the gaps between control requirements,
technical issues, and business risks. You can visit the ISACA
Web site at http://www.isaca.orgfor more information.
Document Organization Considerations
While there are many ways to organize a library of policies, one
thing they all have in common is the need for a numbering
scheme. A numbering scheme helps you
organize the material by topic and become a quick reference
point for people to use to refer to specific content. You can
create your own numbering scheme or use an
existing one. Should you decide to use an existing framework
21. like ISO/IEC 27002, you can begin with the taxonomy it
provides.
NOTE
Taxonomy is the practice and science of classification. A
hierarchical taxonomy is a tree structure of classifications for a
given set of objects or documents.
Figure 7-2 offers an example that you might consider using for
your taxonomy.
http://www.isaca.org/
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and/9781284055993/16_ch7.xhtml#fig7-2
FIGURE 7-2
A possible policy and standards library taxonomy.
Think of Figure 7-2 as a sideways tree. The program-level
policy or information security charter on the left side is the
“root.” It establishes the tree and delegates the
authority for managing the tree to the information security
department of the organization. Let’s call it IS (for information
security), POL (for policy), and add “001”
because it’s the first document: IS-POL-001.
To the right, you find a collection of program framework
policies. This framework uses ISO/IEC 27002 topics for policy
types. They are numbered in groups of 100 to
22. allow for growth. Each of these policies stands on its own and
serves as the first major branches of the tree. From these
branches, standards and their supporting
documents appear.
Looking at the Access Control (IS-POL-800) framework policy
as an example, you can see control standards labeled IS-CSTD-
810 through 840. The CSTD label is
short for “Control Standard.” Figure 7-3 shows just this part of
the policy and standards library.
Baseline standards are then numbered to maintain the
consistency of the taxonomy and support the control standards
upon which they’re based. The baseline
standards are specific to technology and numbered as IS-BSTD-
821 and 822, where BSTD stands for Baseline Standard. These
two standards define the requirements
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and/9781284055993/16_ch7.xhtml#fig7-2
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for password management as they pertain to the Windows
operating system and the UNIX operating system. In this
example, the numbering follows the parent
standard’s numbering, IS-CSTD-820.
Procedures link to the baseline standards that they support. For
example, IS-PROC-821 and 822 are directly mapped to the 821
and 822 baselines. In most cases,
23. there is a one-to-one mapping of baselines and procedures in
support of the control standard. Figure 7-4 shows a close-up of
baseline standards and procedures in
the policy and standards library tree.
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Whatever numbering scheme you adopt, leave plenty of room
for adding new documents. Think through a numbering scheme
carefully before you decide to use it. Ask yourself
how you would add new policies. How you would add new
technology areas such as introducing mobility into the
organization for the first time?
Guideline documents are most often tied to a specific control
standard, as shown in Figure 7-5. Guideline documents (GUIDs)
are useful where there may not be any
technology for enforcing controls, but the guidelines provide
useful information for process management or controls.
When people look for a specific document, the name of the
document should tell them all they need to know. After they
gain some experience with the taxonomy,
they’ll know where to look.
FIGURE 7-3
Control standards branch out from the Access Control (IS-POL-
800) framework policy.
FIGURE 7-4
24. Baseline standards and procedures provide additional branches
of the library tree.
https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/security-policies-
and/9781284055993/16_ch7.xhtml#fig7-4
https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/security-policies-
and/9781284055993/16_ch7.xhtml#fig7-5
FIGURE 7-5
Guidelines provide additional branches of the library tree.
Sample Templates
In this section, you will look at some suggested document
formats for policies and standards. You can use these as is or
create a template that best reflects your
organization’s needs.
Sample Policy Template
The following outline of a policy document helps you organize
the content for your program-level policy and framework
policies:
POLICY NAME AND IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
1. PURPOSE
This document establishes a policy for …
25. 2. BACKGROUND
This document was developed because …
3. SCOPE
This policy applies to the use of …
TIP
Never use individual (personal) names in a policy or standard.
For Role and Responsibilities, use the name of the department,
unit, or specific role that is accountable.
Individuals join and leave the company.
4. OPERATIONAL POLICY
4.1. Section 1
4.2. Section 2
4.3. Section 3
4.4. Section 4
5. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The following entities have responsibilities related to the
implementation of this policy:
6. APPLICABLE LAWS/GUIDANCE
7. EFFECTIVE DATES
This policy becomes effective on the date that [xxx] Chief
Information Officer (CIO) signs it and remains in effect until
26. officially superseded or canceled by the CIO.
8. INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE
Contact the … for further information regarding this policy.
9. APPROVED
[Director of Information Security Policies] Date of Issuance
10. ASSOCIATED RESOURCES
This policy is augmented by …
The following is a sample policy statement for access control
that would appear in the “Operational Policy” section of a
framework policy:
Personnel must be positively authenticated and authorized prior
to being granted access to <Organization> information
resources. Access based on an individual’s
role must be limited to the minimum necessary to perform his or
her job function.
Access to critical information resources must be controlled
through a managed process that addresses authorizing,
modifying, and revoking access, and periodic
review of information system privileges.”
Sample Standard Template
The following outline of a standards document helps you
organize the content for your control and baseline standards:
27. STANDARD NAME AND IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
1. PURPOSE
This document establishes a standard for …
2. BACKGROUND
This document was developed to support …
3. SCOPE
This standard applies to the use of …
4. STANDARD STATEMENT(S)
4.1. Section 1
4.2. Section 2
4.3. Section 3
4.4. Section 4
5. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The following entities have responsibilities related to the
implementation of this standard:
6. GUIDANCE
Links to guidance documentation for this standard …
7. EFFECTIVE DATES
28. This standard becomes effective on the date that [xxx], Chief
Information Officer (CIO), signs it and remains in effect until
officially superseded or canceled by the
CIO.
8. INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE
Contact the … for further information regarding this standard.
9. APPROVED
[Director of Information Security Policies] Date of Issuance
10. ASSOCIATED RESOURCES
This standard is augmented by …
The following are sample statements for access control that
would appear in the “Standard Statement(s)” section of a
control standard:
Access to all <Organization> information resources must be
controlled by using user IDs and appropriate authentication
methods as required by the Information
Classification Standard and the Information Handling Standard.
Access to all <Organization> information resources connected
to the <Organization> network must be controlled by using user
IDs and appropriate authentication.
In order to ensure individual accountability, the use of any user
ID must be associated with a specific individual. Passwords
must never be shared between users.
29. The following is a sample statement for UNIX account
management that would appear in the “Standard Statement(s)”
section of a baseline standard:
Default system accounts must be locked (except root). The
password field for the account must be set to an invalid string
and the shell field in the password file must
contain an invalid shell. /dev/null is a good choice because it is
not a valid logon shell.
Sample Procedure Template
The following outline of a procedures document helps you
organize the content for any procedures needed to implement
baseline standard controls:
PROCEDURE NAME AND IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
EFFECTIVE DATE
Date the procedure becomes effective. This can be the same as
or later than the approval date in order to allow time for
training and implementation if necessary.
1. PROCEDURE
Insert procedural steps in the table …
1.1. Section 1.1
1.2. Section 1.2
1.3. Section 1.3
1.4. Section 1.4
30. 2. STANDARD
Indicate the name and number of the baseline standard to which
this procedure relates …
3. FORMS
List any form numbers and names and their location if there are
any needed to conduct this procedure.
4. PROCEDURE HISTORY
List all previous known versions (including obsolete procedure
numbers or titles if known) and their effective dates.
5. INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE
Contact the … for further information regarding this standard.
6. APPROVED
[Director of Information Security Policies] Date of Issuance
7. KEYWORDS
Indicate any cross references, aliases, phrases, or terms that
describe the procedure. Define all acronyms, abbreviations.
8. ASSOCIATED RESOURCES
This standard is augmented by …
The following is a sample procedure snippet for data destruction
on media that could appear in the “Procedure” section of a
procedure document:
31. Disk sanitization involves securely erasing all the data from a
disk so that the disk is, except for the previous wear, “new” and
empty of any previous data. For
example, a disk connected to a Linux system may be sanitized
by repeating the following command three to seven times (or
more):
dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/hdb && dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdb
This command first writes a random pattern to disk /dev/hdb,
then writes all zeros to it. Any disk that needs to be sanitized,
including any flash memory device or
former PC or Macintosh disk may be attached to a Linux (or
other Unix) system and erased using the above command,
replacing /dev/hdb with the appropriate disk
device name.
Sample Guideline Template
Although there are generally no standard templates for
guidelines, you can use or adapt the following:
GUIDELINE NAME AND IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
1. PURPOSE
This document provides guidance and advice in helping to meet
the control requirements from Standard(s) …
2. BACKGROUND
32. This document was developed to support ….
3. SCOPE
This guidance applies to the use of ….
4. GUIDANCE SECTION(S)
4.1. Section 1
4.2. Section 2
4.3. Section 3
4.4. Section 4
5. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The following entities have responsibilities related to the
implementation of this standard: …
6. EFFECTIVE DATES (may or may not be needed)
7. INFORMATION AND ASSISTANCE
Contact the … for further information regarding this document.
8. APPROVED
[Director of Information Security Policies] Date of Issuance
9. ASSOCIATED RESOURCES
This guideline is augmented by …
33. The following is a sample guideline snippet for the use of
encryption within a university setting. This text could appear in
the “Guidance Section” section of a
guideline document:
“University personnel and student organizations:
• Should use industry-standard encryption algorithms to
protect their data.
• Should not attempt to develop their own proprietary
encryption algorithms and should carefully scrutinize any
claims made by vendors about the security of
proprietary encryption algorithms.
Considerations for Implementing Policies and Standards
Implementing your policies and libraries entails four major
steps:
• Building consensus on intent
• Reviews and approvals for your documents
• Publication of the documents
• Awareness and training
Building Consensus on Intent
Separating the writing of the actual policy language from the
discussion on the intent of the policy change is a good way to
build a consensus. During this step, you
34. should discuss the drivers for the change in terms of the
architecture operating model and principles. This reinforces the
shared beliefs and helps promotes the
desired culture.
This separation also has the added advantage of reducing the
time it takes to develop the actual policy language. Too often
time is wasted disagreeing with policy
language when, in fact, the real disagreement is on the need for
the policy. If you have agreement on the need for the security
control and the intended outcome, then
writing the policy language is easier. The actual writing simply
documents this agreement. This approach also makes the review
and approval easier, as there’s
already an awareness of the need for the policy change, and an
understanding of its intent.
Throughout your research and interview processes with
operational users and their managers, you should have prepared
them for changes that the information
security (IS) department will be mandating. This give-and-take
process helps to improve the quality of the document content. It
also helps with buy-in from those
who are subject to the rules and controls you’ll be implementing
based on the risk analysis and assessment work completed.
Reviews and Approvals
Once they are written, you need to share your documents again
with those who helped you develop them. Let those employees
35. review the policy document language
well before you implement them. These reviews allow you to
assess the impact of the policy or standard on the organization
before deploying it in a potentially
disruptive fashion.
These reviews sometimes require you to revise parts of a policy
or standard to allow for current conditions. Sometimes you may
need to postpone implementing some
controls until the environment is better prepared for
compliance. Early in your overall policy development project,
you should work with your organization’s audit
group to determine how soon after policy publication they will
audit based on the policy. By allowing a grace period for
compliance, you are helping to ensure that the
policies will be enforceable. A grace period gives personnel
time to implement any project, processes, or internal
communications necessary for compliance.
TIP
If you cannot implement controls immediately, postpone the
implementation date. Let people know that new controls are
coming at a future specific date. Depending on the size
of the organization, the grace period can be from a few months
to one year.
Allow sufficient time to gather and address concerns, as well as
sufficient time for the business to prepare its employees for the
36. change. Once you gain the
concurrence of those subject to the policies, it’s vital to gain
approval from their managers or their management team. Often,
executive managers appoint delegates
for standards reviews and rely on recommendations before they
approve or reject changes. If you’ve done a good job with those
subject to the specific standards,
approvals should be timely.
Ultimately, your goal is to gain senior executive approval of the
policy or standard. The executive approver may be the chief
information security officer (CISO), if the
role exists. That person is unlikely to give approval if all parties
have not reviewed the document. Internal reviews within the IS
department should help mitigate
some of the executive approver’s concerns once the document
reaches him or her for approval. Here are some suggested
people who should be given the opportunity
to become a second or third layer of review:
• Technical personnel—You may need to call upon the
expertise of technical staff with specific security and/or
technical knowledge in the area about which you
are writing.
• Legal—The legal department should have input into the
policy development process. They can provide advice on current
legislation that requires certain types of
information to be protected in specific ways. Your legal
department should also review policy and standards documents
37. once they are complete.
• Human resources (HR)—The HR department may need to
review and/or approve your policy or standard if your document
addresses topics covered by
existing HR policies. E-mail usage and physical security are
examples. Make sure you reference the HR policy rather than
repeat content. Simply repeating content
can lead to future inconsistencies.
• Audit and compliance—Internal audit personnel will monitor
compliance with a policy once it is in force. If you work with
external compliance groups, consult
with them as needed. While the internal audit team members
generally will not be the ones to approve policy changes, they
can express an opinion or concerns that
should be addressed.
Although these review steps may seem onerous, early buy-in is
needed to ensure there are no surprises when policy changes
take effect. It’s better to put in the time
and effort early in the process to avoid rework later.
Once policies and standards are approved, you need to
distribute them in ways that work best in your organization.
Publishing Your Policies and Standards Library
Publishing your policy and standards library depends on the
communications tools available in your organization. Many
organizations use some form of an intranet
for internal communications. Different departments may have
38. their own sub-section of the intranet, and IS should have its
own. An intranet generally has a front
page or portal that announces new content on the site. It also
includes news, other announcements, access to standard forms,
and so on.
Sometimes, intranet sites use a back-office engine for managing
content, like Microsoft SharePoint Server. Departments can use
SharePoint for the documents and
contact information they wish to share, and then publish the
content to the intranet for anyone to access.
If your organization uses a content management tool for
departmental Web sites, you might consider using that for
publishing your documents. Documents must be
readily obtainable at any time, with a copy placed on the
internal network shared drives or the organization intranet.
Some of the best practices for publishing your
documents are to create separate Web pages for each document
and provide a link to the document itself on that Web page. The
page should contain:
• Identifying information
• Overview of the document
• Last revision date and the name or initials of the person who
revised the document
• Next scheduled document review date
• Keywords for the intranet search engine to simplify locating
39. your documents
• Links to related documents
• A link to an Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) version
of the document
NOTE
You might consider a roadshow prior to the publication of major
policy changes. In this context, a roadshow refers to showing up
at a large gathering of employees and
explaining the change. This could be as simple as being a guest
at a normally scheduled department meeting or calling a town-
hall meeting to announce the upcoming changes.
The medium you choose for developing your policy content may
determine the level of difficulty you’ll encounter in the review
cycle. Word processing documents are
appealing because they’re easy to use and convenient. However,
for review purposes, word processing documents aren’t always
efficient. When you’re ready with a
final draft, you can create a set of PDF documents that comprise
the policy and standards library. You then publish the library in
a way that’s best for your
organization.
A new class of software, called Governance, Risk, and
Compliance (GRC), is available to support policy management
and publication. Functions that are commonly
found in a GRC tool include:
40. • Assessing the proper technical and non-technical operation
of controls, and mitigating/remediating areas where controls are
lacking or not operating properly
(governance)
• Assisting in quantification, analysis, and mitigation of risk
within the organization (risk)
• Authoring, distribution, and policy and controls mapping to
the governing regulation, as well as tracking exceptions to those
policies/regulations (compliance)
GRC tools are typically delivered as modules that plug in to a
central GRC engine. Usually, you can license a policy and
standards module. With this module, you can
use the workflow features to develop and share your documents
for reviews and approvals, publish the library as Web pages,
and search for relevant documents.
Some organizations use the tools for:
• Awareness training using quizzes
• E-mails to users that notify them of new content or changes
to existing policies
• E-mails that notify people that new content is ready for them
to review or approve
• Tracking changes to documents to ensure that important
content is not lost or erroneously changed
41. The following GRC tools, as well as several others, are widely
used:
• RSA Archer GRC, http://www.emc.com/security/rsa-
archer.htm
• Symantec Control Compliance Suite,
http://www.symantec.com/business/control-compliance-suite
• Modulo Risk Manager, http://modulo.com
NOTE
As part of a continuous improvement effort, plan to review and
update published policies and other framework documents
periodically. You’ll learn about document review and
maintenance later in this chapter.
Awareness and Training
Implementation requires not only educating personnel on each
of the core elements, but also on changing their role to
emphasize protecting data and systems.
An awareness program can motivate employees and promote the
shared beliefs discussed earlier in this chapter. Motivating
employees is as important as mastering a
technology. A motivated employee can deal with the
unexpected. This is particularly important when dealing with
unexpected security events. Remember, it’s not
getting employees to learn the policy that’s important; it’s
motivating employees to execute the policy. Additionally, this
communication creates a foundation for
42. other discussions, such as performance appraisals and process
improvement. Consequently, a security awareness program is
one of the key factors for the successful
implementation of an organization-wide security policy.
Awareness tools should describe and outline the specific
mandate for all employees to secure organization
assets. It should also explain the core elements of the security
policies and standards. The program is aimed at generating an
increased interest in the information
security field in a way that’s easy to understand.
Gaining management awareness and buy-in should be your first
step. Without management support and commitment, it’s
unlikely that your efforts to educate the
masses later on will succeed. As you’re selling the program to
your executive sponsor(s) and gaining approval for issuing your
documents, use that time to leverage
their authority with managers and direct reports to ensure
compliance. With that level of buy-in secure, the task of gaining
buy-in from the rest of the organization is
made that much easier.
Awareness programs are often divided into two parts: awareness
and training. The purpose of awareness is to provide employees
with a better understanding of
security risks. The importance of security primarily focuses on
the daily operation of the organization. Training should cover
many potential security problems in
43. detail, as well as introduce a set of easy-to-understand rules to
reduce the risk of problems.
Here are a few techniques that many others have found useful in
“getting the message out”:
• The mantra for any awareness and training must be “Security
is everyone’s responsibility.”
• It’s vital that employees clearly understand that uneducated
and untrained employees can endanger sensitive information,
and render useless any technical
security measure or process in place.
• It’s vital to have a good strategy that draws people and
motivates them to learn how they can improve information
security. Everyone has a particular learning
style. Some people are visual learners. Others learn by
listening. Still others need hands-on exercises that make it
personal to them. Mixing up the modes of learning
by using different media, different messages, and content-
communications tools helps ensure that most people will
understand and retain the information.
• People tend to be interested in stories about computer
security, especially computer crimes. Making use of this may
help people understand that they are going to
be the new “gatekeepers” of critical organization data. Use
stories and examples from within your organization, too. Don’t
focus only on the horror stories of bad
security practices. Show and tell people about the benefits of
44. being good corporate citizens and the potential rewards for
compliance.
• As much as possible, use examples that make security a
personal choice. Develop scenarios where people need to make
a choice as to what they might do in a
particular situation. Relate these situations to actual ones
people might encounter from day to day.
Furthermore, you can help people perceive actual personal
benefits from the security program, such as the new skills they
will gain. For example, mention to them
how this information can help them increase the security of
their personal computers at home and their own information.
Varying the methods of education can increase the success of
your awareness and training program. Ensure you have a fresh,
ever-evolving, and dynamic education
program. The following sections offer suggestions for
broadening awareness and educating staff about security.
Security Newsletter
One interesting and valuable way to reach and educate your
staff is a security newsletter. The main idea is to provide users
with an interesting and engaging way of
understanding the points outlined in the policy and standards
library. You can send it via e-mail or post it on your intranet.
If you develop your newsletter in-house, you may need to ask
for help from others in the information security group. Also
consider getting input from people outside
45. the group who have security-related perspectives to share with
the rest of the organization. An alternative is to subscribe to
third-party security newsletters that you
tailor to your organization.
The following sections describe parts of a typical security
newsletter.
TIP
Rather than a formal newsletter, you could set up an
Information Security Awareness area on your intranet. You
could maintain several pages of information that are linked and
easily updated.
Security Articles
Sometimes people appreciate reading detailed, in-depth
information on a specific topic that helps them understand the
subject more clearly. For example, if in a
security awareness campaign you covered e-mail threats, you
could include an associated article in the next newsletter while
the topic is still fresh in the employees’
minds. The following are possible article topics:
• Password security—Discuss the importance of passwords and
their crucial role in the protection of the data. Other articles
might include how to properly
maintain user IDs and passwords, password creation and
maintenance, and best practices.
http://www.emc.com/security/rsa-archer.htm
46. http://www.symantec.com/business/control-compliance-suite
http://modulo.com/
• Acceptable Internet use—Discuss the possible dangers posed
by Internet connectivity and information that employees should
be aware of while browsing the
Web from work.
• Why are they targeting us?—This could be an interesting
topic to describe the motivation of different attackers and the
purpose behind attacks. This can
provide users a better understanding of the importance of
having proper information security measures implemented
• Your role in the protection of the organization—Think of as
many scenarios as you see fit. The idea for these articles is to
explain the most important
aspects of information security in an informal yet effective way.
You could cover social aspects combined with brief technical
explanations if needed.
technical TIP
Create a social network of evangelists throughout your
organization. These people will act as advocates for information
security and help their specific
departments or groups answer questions related to their
obligations for compliance. You can start with people who show
an above-average level of security
interest or skills. Identify and promote these groups as a social
network that speeds the adoption of security. Start by tracking
the people who stand out during
awareness sessions or other training opportunities.
47. What Is …?
This section of the newsletter educates or informs staff and acts
as an information security glossary. It includes various security
terms explained in non-technical,
easy-to-understand terms. General security topics such as
Trojan horses, worms, and firewalls can be covered
individually, as well as other topics or concepts that
you think are useful, must-know, or that can help with
compliance to standards and policies.
Ask Us
You can include an “Ask Us” section in your newsletter. Over
time, you can create a frequently asked questions (FAQ)
document that summarizes the questions and
answers to give users a richer experience when interacting with
the IS department.
The questions and corresponding answers could be included in
the next issue of the newsletter, so that it will not only be a
collective information source to a large
group of people, but also stimulates the asking of further
questions.
Security Resources
A “Security Resources” section might include short news pieces
that cover some aspect of information security in an easy-to-
understand form. The idea is to help
48. users understand the importance of security awareness via
security news, news of the latest security breaches, losses
suffered by companies due to security problems,
and so on.
Contacts
Make sure to include the contact details for the IS department
so that users will know precisely whom to contact in case of a
problem. Publish the intranet uniform
resource locator (URL) to your site everywhere you can to help
remind people that help may be a click away.
Policy Change Control Board
Effective oversight of the policy change ensures that security is
implemented in a thoughtful way. Oversight of the policy
change process usually falls under an
existing committee. The committee members are often senior
leaders who represent both the technology and the business
interests. These individuals as leaders
ensure that the right balance between protecting the
organization and operating needs is maintained.
It’s important that changes not be made unilaterally or cause
unexpected consequences. To avoid these situations, form a
policy change control board or committee.
You can organize this group ad hoc, meeting as needed for
reviews and approvals. It can also be a standing committee or
working group that meets regularly to
49. address changes, additions, and enhancements to policies and
standards. You can develop a standard that creates the board
and establishes membership
requirements. Minimally, you should include people from
information security, compliance, audit, HR, leadership from
other business units, and project managers
(PMs). PMs set the agenda for the meetings, take meeting
minutes, assign action items, and follow up on deliverables.
NOTE
Security personnel need to be aware of policy and standards
change requirements. They also need to understand the impact
of the change on the IT environment. Because
systems, applications, and networks are integrated, a change to
one component can affect other components.
The objectives of the policy change control board are to:
• Assess policies and standards and make recommendations for
change
• Coordinate requests for change (RFCs)
• Ensure that changes to existing policies and standards
support the organization’s mission and goals
• Review requested changes to the policy framework
• Establish a change management process for policies and
standards
A policy does not exist in a vacuum. If implemented well, it’s
part of the day-to-day transactions and activity of a business. In
50. that respect, there must be a process to
track major events, such as what went right and what went
wrong. For example, if there was a breach, a post review would
examine which controls should have
prevented the event or mitigated the impact. Which policies
were not effective in preventing the breach? The policy and
standards change-management process
ensures that policies and standards are refreshed when needed.
It deals with new developments in technology and changes in
the business environment. When
potential changes are identified, change management determines
whether the changes should be made or a new policy or standard
is needed. There must also be a
“lessons learned” process that allows for problems to be
resolved and changes made to the policies and standards being
designed.
NOTE
A “lessons learned” process ensures that mistakes are made
once and not repeated. Lessons learned can come from anyone
and anywhere.
The policy change control board assesses and approves RFCs.
An RFC typically responds to known problems but can also
include improvements. A challenge when
handling an RFC is to determine whether it should be approved
or whether a transitional policy or standard will resolve the
51. issue.
Business Drivers for Policy and Standards Changes
Additionally, there are business drivers for policy and standards
changes, which may include the following:
• Business-as-usual developments—Over time, an organization
might realize that meeting policy or standards requirements is
impossible, too costly, or
unnecessary given changing business conditions.
• Business exceptions—As the business changes, new systems
or processes are introduced. They may vary from what a policy
or standard requires.
• Business innovations—New opportunities for revenue growth
or cost reduction can lead to innovative changes that were
previously not considered. Standards
may need to adapt to these innovations or be adjusted to permit
innovations.
• Business technology innovations—New technology often
comes with unknowable risks until you gain experience using it.
Standards may need revisions to
allow for the use of the new technology or for use in new ways
that were not envisioned when the standards were developed.
• Strategic changes—An organization may change its business
model and come under new regulatory requirements. For
example, an organization might purchase
a bank to reduce the costs of credit card processing. In this
case, changes to an existing standard are far-reaching and may
affect every standard in place.
Some change requests result in a complete redevelopment of the
52. policy and standards library, or at least in one facet of the
policy and standards development cycle.
Maintaining Your Policies and Standards Library
The policies and standards library is like a tree, and over time,
requires pruning and maintenance. The policy change control
board helps determine what changes
should be made to which documents. Other needs for changes
can come about from issues related to specific users or groups,
and documents may need trivial or
isolated changes. One of the tasks of the board is to determine
which requests they will address and which ones are normal
maintenance requests.
TIP
Establish a FAQ (frequently asked questions) site to clarify
minor points in the policy. Over time, as you see the type of
questions and answers that resonate with the end user,
you can move those answers into the actual policy language
itself.
Updates and Revisions
An update many be considered a non-substantive edit. Examples
include updating a position title or a department name,
correcting a typo, and repairing broken Web
site links.
Revisions may be of minor or major significance:
• A minor revision usually has low significance. An example is
53. clarifying the wording within a sentence or paragraph.
• A major revision significantly changes the policy. Examples
include new requirements, new limitations, or expanded
responsibilities. These types of changes
should be sent to the policy change control board for
consideration.
Throughout the chapter, you were provided with some best
practices for developing your documents, numbering them
appropriately, publishing your documents,
and spreading the word about them. If you follow this guidance,
the change process should take minimal effort. If every change
requires a complete revisiting of the
library, you have a much bigger problem on your hands.
Assuming that you follow the same development and review
cycles for your updates and gain the necessary buy-in from
those who are affected by changes, the most
time-consuming activity will be communicating your changes to
the organization. Using the techniques and tools for
communication and media, you should be able
to rely on the same processes you developed for ongoing
awareness and training.
To help you determine what changes or maintenance you’ll need
to perform, use the information provided by:
• Exceptions and waivers—Look for common problems related
to compliance. If the standard cannot be met very often, it’s
because there is a problem with the
54. standard (or policy).
• Requests from users and management—Make it easy to
obtain feedback on people’s actual experience with complying
with the standards. Major requests
should be formally documented and sent to the policy change
control board. However, don’t ignore the feedback about what’s
causing people concern or prompting
questions about the document.
• Changes to the organization—Companies come and go.
Mergers and acquisitions happen constantly. Should you find
yourself in a situation where your
organization has bought or sold a division and you need to
revisit the polices and standards for the combined organization,
use the tools and techniques you’ve
learned in this chapter to help resolve conflicts or fill in gaps
that come about from the change.
Best Practices for Policies and Standards Maintenance
The following list of activities and advice comes from leading
practices in policy and standards development and management
experts. It was culled from years of
experience and is being collected here so you can avoid many of
the pitfalls others have experienced when developing a library:
• Ask yourself the key questions of who, what, where, when,
why, and how as you set out to research and develop policies
and standards.
• Base your decisions on core information security principles
to support business objectives. Because there are no universal
55. recipes for developing policies and
standards, you need to rely on principles to advance the cause.
• Establish a cohesive and coherent document organization
taxonomy that leaves you with room for growth and changes.
• Use common templates for each type of document and stick
with them. Nothing leads to confusion more than different
document styles that are intended to meet
the same purposes.
• Use a collaboration tool for developing documents that
allows others access to drafts early in the development cycle. It
should be easy to solicit reviews and
comments.
• Establish a repeatable review process for your draft
documents. The process should consider a representative sample
of people who will be affected by new policies
and security controls.
• Publish your library in a form that your organization is
already using. Introducing new technology for distributing
policies and standards at the same time you
publish the documents may cause unnecessary confusion.
• Use a broad variety of communications and awareness media
and techniques to reach a wide audience. Keep your message
consistent and easy to understand.
56. • Establish a policy change control board to help identify
major changes to the library and to keep it up to date.
• Create a “lessons learned” process to improve the policy
through feedback and review of major events.
Case Studies and Examples of Designing, Organizing,
Implementing, and Maintaining IT Security Policies
The following three case studies review how to develop or
implement a policy framework. You will look at cases from the
private sector, the public sector, and the
critical infrastructure protection area.
Private Sector Case Study
During an internal review, American Imaging Management
(AIM) decided it needed to improve its due diligence practices.
AIM decided to expand its corporate
security program. The company began by performing a risk
assessment on its current security program.
The assessment used the ISO 27001 gap assessment methods.
When complete, AIM delivered a recommended course of
action. These activities were intended to
address and remediate areas that were either under- or over-
controlled.
Using the Plan-Do-Act-Check cycle from the ISO standards,
AIM’s activities included:
• Defining more detailed roles and responsibilities
57. • Identifying all relevant security requirements (legislative,
regulatory, and contractual)
• Defining all supporting policies, standards, and procedures
• Defining and establishing a security awareness program
• Expanding the organization’s vulnerability management
program
• Collaborating with the business continuity/disaster recovery
(BC/DR) team to integrate security program objectives
• Improving the incident response program
• Implementing an internal security control audit program
By the end of the project, AIM was able to create a road map
for building a security program that could be registered to the
ISO 27001 standard.
Public Sector Case Study
To improve security in California’s IT infrastructure, the Office
of the State Chief Information Officer (OCIO) issued a new
policy that includes employee remote
access security standards for working from home or off-site.
The policy also requires that state agencies complete a
compliance form.
The policy was issued to help state agencies develop secure
remote access for employees and minimize security risks. The
corresponding standard highlights
58. important measures that IT agencies must adopt to certify their
remote access programs. It includes controls related to the use
of up-to-date operating system
software and security software for every remote connection.
The standard also requires that all computing equipment
connected to the state’s IT infrastructure network for remote
access purposes be state-owned and securely
configured. Remote access users can only connect through
secure encrypted channels—virtual private networks—
authorized by agency management. The security
measures also apply to paper files and mobile devices like
personal digital assistants (PDAs).
According to the information policy letter, agency heads must
comply with the following:
• Make sure authorized users permitted to use remote access
are trained for their roles and responsibilities, security risks,
and the requirements in the standard
• Adopt and implement the requirements in the standard and
certifying their agency’s compliance
• Annually complete and submit the Agency Telework and
Remote Access Security Compliance Certification form to the
Office of Information Security
California was among the first governments in the country to
establish enterprise-wide policies for remote access, joining
states such as Virginia and Arizona, and the
federal government.
59. CHAPTER SUMMARY
This chapter addressed techniques for designing, organizing,
implementing, and maintaining an IT security policy and
standards library. The importance of
understanding the organizational culture and creating shared
beliefs was discussed. You learned how understand a businesses
perspective and mindset through an
understanding of its architecture operating model. You learned
characteristics of policies and standards that make them easy to
understand. Core security principles
were covered, which are important to remember when
developing security documents. Training and awareness
programs help you enforce policies and get buy-in
from employees.
You also learned about the review and approval processes that
are part of creating and maintaining library documents. A policy
change control board, for example, is
an efficient way to maintain policies and standards. It also helps
minimize unforeseen impacts on the organization. Additionally,
you learned the importance of
creating a “lessons learned” process to keep the policies
current. Finally, you learned about some leading practices that
others have found useful for developing and
maintaining a policy and standards library.
KEY CONCEPTS AND TERMS
60. Architecture operating model
Coordinated operating model
Defense in depth
Diversified operating model
Evangelists
Lessons learned
Organizational culture
Replicated operating model
Roadshow
Taxonomy
Unified operating model
CHAPTER 7 ASSESSMENT
1. When writing policies and standards, you should address the
six key questions who, what, where, when, why, and how.
A. True
B. False
2. Which of the following are important to consider before a
policy?
61. A. Architecture operating model
B. Intent
C. Policy change control board
D. A and B
E. B and C
F. A, B, and C
3. Guideline documents are often tied to a specific control
standard.
A. True
B. False
4. Which of the following is not an administrative control?
A. Development of policies, standards, procedures, and
guidelines
B. Screening of personnel
C. Change control procedures
D. Logical access control mechanisms
5. Which of the following are common steps taken in the
development of documents such as security policies, standards,
and procedures?
A. Design, development, publication, coding, and testing
62. B. Feasibility, development, approval, implementation, and
integration
C. Initiation, evaluation, development, approval, publication,
implementation, and maintenance
D. Design, coding, evaluation, approval, publication, and
implementation
6. The sole purpose of an architecture operating model is to
define how all the businesses technology will be implemented.
A. True
B. False
7. Exceptions or waivers to security policies are a bad idea and
should never be approved.
A. True
B. False
8. Which type of control is associated with responding to and
fixing a security incident?
A. Deterrent
B. Compensating
C. Corrective
D. Detective
9. List examples of physical security control items. ________
63. 10. A process to refresh policies as needed based on a major
event uses the principle called ________.
11. A(n) ________ is a plan or course of action used by an
organization to convey instructions from its senior-most
management to those who make decisions, take
actions, and perform other duties on behalf of the organization.
12. The principle that states security is improved when it is
implemented as a series of overlapping controls is called
________
13. Security principles are needed in the absence of complete
information to make high-quality security decisions.
A. True
B. False
14. “Access to all Organization information resources
connected to the <Organization> network must be controlled by
using user IDs and appropriate
authentication” is a statement you might find in a procedure
document.
A. True
B. False
15. Which of the following does a policy change control board
do? (Select two.)
A. Assesses policies and standards and makes recommendations
64. for change
B. Determines the policy and standards library numbering
scheme
C. Implements technical controls as business conditions change
D. Reviews requested changes to the policy framework