ENG 215 – Appendix A: Peer Review Feedback Form 2 Appendix A: Peer Review Feedback Form 2 Reviewer’s Name: Tiara Evans Date: August 28th 2017 Writer’s Assigned #: Week 8 Peer Review Course:Writing and Research Section:__ Assignment 4: Persuasive Paper Part 2: Solution and Advantages Peer reviews should provide feedback to a peer on the criteria expected in the paper. Follow these instructions: Receive a classmate’s paper from your professor (in class if on-ground; by e-mail if online). Copy the Peer Review Feedback Form from the Appendix. Comment on all criteria, noting strengths and / or areas for improvement on the feedback form. Provide completed Peer Review Feedback Form and classmate’s paper to your professor. Note: On-ground students should submit the feedback form and paper to the professor during the class meeting in which the paper is reviewed; online students should submit the feedback form and paper to the professor via the Assignment Tab in the course shell. Criteria + Strengths Comments < Areas for Improvement Part 1 1. Revise, using feedback from the professor and classmates, your Persuasive Paper Part I - A Problem Exists. Part 2 2. Included a defensible, relevant thesis statement clearly in the first paragraph. 3. Explain a detailed, viable solution that supports your thesis. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs. 4. State, explain, and support the first advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs. 5. State, explain, and support the second advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs. 6. State, explain, and support the third (and fourth if desired) advantage (economic, social, political, environment, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs. 7. Use effective transitional words, phrases, and sentences. 8. Provide a concluding paragraph /transitional paragraph that summarizes the proposed solution and its advantages. 9. Develop a coherently structured paper with an introduction, body, and conclusion. 10. Use one or more rhetorical strategies (ethos, logos, pathos) to explain advantages. 11. Support advantage claims with at least three (3) additional quality relevant references. Use at least six (6) total for Parts 1 & 2. 12. Other Running Head: Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco 1 Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco 10 Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco Kesha Harper Professor Catherine Cousar ENG 215 August 16, 2017 Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco Goods deemed to be harmful to the society ranging from tobacco, alcohol, gambling, cider, wine among others are subject ...

1. ENG 215 – Appendix A: Peer Review Feedback Form 2
Appendix A: Peer Review Feedback Form 2
Reviewer’s Name: Tiara Evans
Date: August 28th 2017
Writer’s Assigned #: Week 8 Peer Review
Course:Writing and Research
Section:__
Assignment 4: Persuasive Paper Part 2:
Solution
and Advantages
Peer reviews should provide feedback to a peer on the criteria
expected in the paper. Follow these instructions:
Receive a classmate’s paper from your professor (in class if on-
ground; by e-mail if online).
Copy the Peer Review Feedback Form from the Appendix.
Comment on all criteria, noting strengths and / or areas for
improvement on the feedback form.
Provide completed Peer Review Feedback Form and classmate’s
paper to your professor.
Note: On-ground students should submit the feedback form and
paper to the professor during the class meeting in which the

2. paper is reviewed; online students should submit the feedback
form and paper to the professor via the Assignment Tab in the
course shell.
Criteria
+ Strengths
Comments < Areas for Improvement
Part 1
1. Revise, using feedback from the professor and classmates,
your Persuasive Paper Part I - A Problem Exists.
Part 2
2. Included a defensible, relevant thesis statement clearly in the
first paragraph.
3. Explain a detailed, viable solution that supports your thesis.
This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
4. State, explain, and support the first advantage (economic,
social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral,
etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2)
paragraphs.

3. 5. State, explain, and support the second advantage (economic,
social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral,
etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2)
paragraphs.
6. State, explain, and support the third (and fourth if desired)
advantage (economic, social, political, environment, social,
equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be
one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
7. Use effective transitional words, phrases, and sentences.
8. Provide a concluding paragraph
/transitional paragraph that summarizes the proposed solution
and its advantages.
9. Develop a coherently structured paper with an introduction,
body, and conclusion.

4. 10. Use one or more rhetorical strategies (ethos, logos, pathos)
to explain advantages.
11. Support advantage claims with at least three (3) additional
quality relevant references. Use at least six (6) total for Parts 1
& 2.
12. Other
Running Head: Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
1
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
10

5. Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
Kesha Harper
Professor Catherine Cousar
ENG 215
August 16, 2017
Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco
Goods deemed to be harmful to the society ranging from
tobacco, alcohol, gambling, cider, wine among others are
subjected to a sin tax. A sin tax is an excise tax that is
specifically imposed on services such as gambling viewed as
defamatory in society. The government sanctions these
commodities for the purposes of alluring duties, an important
part of most states' economies. Revenue taxes from these
commodities are used to generate public revenue. These
proceeds are of essence foresees the government help in funding

6. special state projects, cracking medical expenses as well as
funding education programs among other projections.
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) collects taxes on alcohol
and tobacco as these assesses are deliberated as income.
Alcohol duties are admitted in the price one pays for beer, perry
or cider, wine, and spirits. Tobacco Duty, on the other hand, is
admitted in the price one pays for cigars, cigarettes and other
various tobacco products (Graves, 2000).
Regarding an analysis on sin taxes on alcohol and tobacco, "The
revenue lost to the illicit trade could fund a modest but much-
needed tax cut for millions of families while preventing
smugglers from profiting because of deeply regressive 'sin
taxes' which hit the poorest hardest. It is high time the
Government offered struggling taxpayers a better deal instead
of kowtowing to the self-appointed lifestyle police who remain
oblivious to the cost of ever-rising duties on ordinary
taxpayers" (Graves, 2000).
In the United States, alcohol and tobacco are items that are used
together. Studies show that people who smoke cigarettes and
various tobacco products are more than likely to drink and
people who drink are much more likely to smoke. Likewise, the
dependence on tobacco and alcohol is correlated. People who
depend on alcohol are three times most likely, in the general
population to be smokers, and people who depend on tobacco
are four times most likely to depend on alcohol. However, the

7. government imposes taxes in this both alcohol and tobacco as an
aid in contribution to the country’s’ revenue.
The government, through the IRS, ensures adequate support to
projects as a vantage to the reward on these proceeds. The US
defense has is a beneficiary of the expenditure on the military
as well as national defense. This outlook consists of adequate
protection of the country as well as ensuring there is civil rest
positively for economic reward. Nevertheless, this expenditure
does not enumerate spending on veteran’s welfares. The
benefits for veterans who have served the military include
medical care and pensions and are seen to have steadily
increased in recent years. According to the Department of
Veterans Affairs, there exist roughly 22 million veterans in the
United States.
The Healthcare system also inhibits as a benefactor to these
taxes that are imposed on sin tax goods, specifically alcohol and
tobacco. The high health care costs within the United States are
regulated through Medicaid, the government’s health insurance
program for the poor. Also, programs such as Consumer health
programs and Children’s Health Insurance Program are funded.
This aids at a social aspect, besides economic and political
environs as well.
Through general taxation, the IRS ensures for Income Security.
This includes the retirement and the disability benefits for job
training programs, federal employees, and other similar

8. programs. The government is also able to provide temporary
assistance to Needy Families program, which provides cash
benefits and other support to the poor.
According to the IRS, Education sums up to 3% of the
governments’ tax beneficiary. Through this government
allocation, the Education system is able to carry out its function
backing up of educational researchers and innovations though
people will feel better about funding education rather than
defense irrespective of the numbers that are depicted from the
defense system.
Consequently, sin taxes contribute to the wider revenue
contribution allocated on the federal budget in enabling the
United States to cater for Foreign aid programs. According to a
survey, “Many people believe the government spends a lot and
the average American guessed 31% of the federal budget on
foreign aid.”
Medicare is also a beneficiary to taxes implications on a sin tax.
Through these taxes, it is noted that Medicare constitutes of
about 15% of the federal budget. Health care-related
expenditures are continuing to billow over the coming years
requires for regeneration and improvement. Medicare is
incredibly important for the huge portion of the American
population and the high medical expenses seems to be a pinch to
the larger American population.
However, the IRS, allows an individual to deduct qualified

9. medical expenses that exceed 10% of your adjusted gross
income for the year. This is an individual’s taxable income
without any alterations to income such as contributions to an
Individual Retirement Account, student loan interest, and
deductions.
Consorting to a report on IRS, “the IRS allows you to deduct
preventative care, treatment, surgeries and dental and vision
care as qualifying medical expenses. You can also deduct visits
to psychologists and psychiatrists. Prescription medications and
appliances such as glasses, contacts, false teeth and hearing aids
are also deductible.”
The IRS also lets an individual deduct the expenses that he/she
pays for travel for medical care such as bus fare, parking fees
and mileage on a car.
Irrespective to the governments’ gain in economic benefits
through taxation, it is necessary to offer a resolution to
gambling. As it is seen, gambling is inevitable and is considered
a vice in society. It is therefore important to understand that the
addiction to gambling is real, and its consequences are as well
as tragic, just as of alcohol and generally drug abuse.
The American Medical Association and the American
Psychiatric Association recognizes general alcohol and tobacco
abuse as a correlating social vice. According to a recent report
by Frank J. Chaloupka, the use of tobacco in the United States
is alarming comprising of an adult smoking prevalence of

10. 22.8%, a youth smoking prevalence of 28.5%, having more than
40% of adult smokers trying to quit in the pasts year a
population comprising of more than 70% saying they would
want to quit smoking.
In his report, he also ascertained that smoking in the United
States was slightly declining over the past two decades and also
becoming more concentrated in the lowest income, who are, the
least educated segments of the population. Youth smoking
arising much of the 1990s and fallen in recent years. Also, the
use of tobacco is rising in many developing countries.
On the other hand, the use of alcohol in the United States
incorporates an adult drinking prevalence of 64%, a youth
drinking prevalence of 73%, college student drinking prevalence
of 81%. Close to a half of all alcohol consumed by 10% of those
who drink most frequently and heaviest drinkers. Also, there is
a moderate downward trend in drinking among the adult
population. Notably, drinking among the youth and college
students is not changing much in the recent years.
The consequences of tobacco use are fatal and stand out as the
leading causes of the preventable death across the United
States. Over 440,000 deaths are caused by the use of tobacco
each year and globally’ estimates suggest that nearly 5 million
premature deaths are depicted from tobacco each year. The
exposure to the second-hand tobacco smoke ensues over 3,000
annual lung cancer associated deaths and over 50,000 deaths are

11. noted from cardiovascular diseases.
Also, the consequences of use ascertain as a major cause of
preventable death in the United States with over 100,000 deaths
each year. Nearly 60% of diseases are caused by or related to
the use of alcohol. Over 40% of these deaths are related from
violence, accidents and other outcomes that result from the use
of alcohol. The Consequences of alcohol results to violence
such as rape, homicides and assault, suicides, traffic crashes,
family instability, property crime, poor educational outcomes
among the youth, lost productivity, sexually transmitted
diseases, workplace accidents among others.
Basing on economic impact, tobacco’s estimated economic cost
is $150billion per year having $75.5 billion on medical care
costs, $81.9 billion in lost productivity and $7.18 per a pack of
cigarettes that is sold. Contrastively, alcohol’s estimated
economic cost comprises of $166.5 billion per year having
substantial costs inflicted on non-drinkers ranging from
violence, traffic crashes, and other consequences.
The link between tobacco and alcohol has an authoritative
implication for those in the field of alcohol treatment. Many
alcoholics also smoke and thereby putting them at a high risk
for tobacco-related complications as well including lung
disease, multiple cancers, and heart disease such as
cardiovascular disease. Statistics propose that more alcoholics
die of tobacco-related illness than the deaths from alcohol-

12. related problems. It is therefore needed for an intervention of
these co-occurring addictions. An effective treatment hinges on
a clear and better understanding of how these substances along
with their addictions interact (Nikolaou & Birkbeck College,
1989).
Due to the unwholesomeness and mortality associated with both
alcohol and tobacco abuse, it is very important to address these
addictions. Addiction in these co-relating vices is no doubt
associated with disorders. The treating of co-occurring
disorders remains a challenge, and all the same, evidence
suggests that combining of these treatments might be one of the
most effective ways to address concurrent addictions. Depressed
adolescents and patients, denotes additional challenges, but
research is exploring ample strategies in targeting these groups
(Lesch, 2011).
An essential strategy to this social correlating ill is the
preventive measure. This involves a system of self-control urges
to the societal vice. This can be advocated through sticking with
an individual treatment plan and monitoring cravings. Though it
might seem like a recovered appendage and thereby not take
measure to stay drug-free, the chances of staying drug-free will
be much higher if one continues seeing his/her counselor as
well as going to distinct support group meetings and also taking
prescribed medication. Avoiding high-risk situations is also
advised notably by staying away from old drug crews. These,

13. but a few can ideally act as a controlling measure to this alcohol
and tobacco urges (Limeback, 2012).
In conclusion, alcohol and tobacco duties are ascertained as
essential in government revenue. Concurrently, it is also viewed
as a vice inevitably taking an ill-timed course contributing to
negativism with respect to social ills and bad culture. The
solutions are nevertheless found to take a controlling course in
slowly amending the deceitful culture. Some of this imposition
might seem like strong medicine, but then again, we are
presenting a very severe societal illness that if adequate laws
and measures won’t take effect, the society is going to strive of
doom. But then again, the culture that sees young individual
striving in these negatively related vice is damned and the
country will adequately strive for the better.

14. References
Graves, B. B. (2000). Alcohol use and abuse. Mankato, Minn:
LifeMatters.
Graves, B. B. (2000). Tobacco use. Mankato, Minn:
LifeMatters.
Nikolaou, A., & Birkbeck College. (1989). Harmonisation of
tobacco and alcohol taxes in the EEC and the welfare of Greek
consumers. Birkbeck College, Department of Economics.
Lesch, O.-M. (2011). Alcohol and tobacco: Medical and
sociological aspects of usage, abuse, and addiction. Wien:
Springer.
Limeback, H. (2012). Comprehensive preventive dentistry.
Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell.