Running head: STATISTICS RESEARCH DESIGN /METHODS 1 STATISTICS RESEARCH DESIGN /METHODS 2 Research/Design Methods STATISTICS RESEARCH DESIGN /METHODS The US healthcare system has had quite a number of flaws that have for a very long time been ignored due to the assumption that the two main methods of catering for healthcare in the US, Medicaid and Medicare, are sufficient and efficient. However, late developments have been made to cub the issues brought about by their inadequacies. These include the famous affordable care act famously referred to as Obamacare (Patient protection and affordable care act) (Pipes, 2013). A closer look at there issues with all over the country shows that the two most common methods of helping individuals cope with healthcare needs mostly ignore children. Medicare is for individuals that are beyond 65 years while Medicaid is not a guarantee not unless there is clear evidence of low income levels which unfortunately, is also not a guarantee. Children Healthcare Program at least is available for people that are considered to have an income too high to qualify for Medicaid. All these however aren’t supported by the data at the North Memorial Hospital of Minnesota. Children continue suffering compared to adults at least in comparison and the benchmark on government help through health funding. There is a great need to look at this close and find out whether these facts are so or it is an assumption and if the rest of the state of Minnesota is still in the same state. Availability of Medicaid reduces chances of children receiving health care from the medical canter. This research design is going to rely on Medicaid as the independent variable. Health care on children received through CHIP (Children Health Insurance Program) is going to be the dependent variable. Therefore, the problem under research here is: Availability of Medicare to (some) families undermine the probability of children to get access to CHIP and thus resulting to less affordability and availability of healthcare to children through the medical center. PURPOSE STATEMENT This research method document aims at establishing the relationships between various Healthcare products and platforms that are provided by the Federal government in association with the state of Minnesota and the way they interact to affect accessibility and affordability of healthcare with the case study of the North Memorial Hospital in Minnesota. It will identify the role of, and the statistics around, Medicare, Medicaid and Children Health Insurance Program and their interplay to understand if they have any effect on the healthcare affordability and availability to children. More to this is the number of children that are not covered by CHIP due to the role played by Medicare in bringing about assumptions that disadvantage the healthcare access o.

1. Running head: STATISTICS RESEARCH DESIGN /METHODS
1
STATISTICS RESEARCH DESIGN /METHODS
2
Research/Design Methods
STATISTICS RESEARCH DESIGN /METHODS
The US healthcare system has had quite a number of flaws that
have for a very long time been ignored due to the assumption
that the two main methods of catering for healthcare in the US,
Medicaid and Medicare, are sufficient and efficient. However,
late developments have been made to cub the issues brought
about by their inadequacies. These include the famous
affordable care act famously referred to as Obamacare (Patient
protection and affordable care act) (Pipes, 2013).
A closer look at there issues with all over the country shows
that the two most common methods of helping individuals cope
with healthcare needs mostly ignore children. Medicare is for

2. individuals that are beyond 65 years while Medicaid is not a
guarantee not unless there is clear evidence of low income
levels which unfortunately, is also not a guarantee. Children
Healthcare Program at least is available for people that are
considered to have an income too high to qualify for Medicaid.
All these however aren’t supported by the data at the North
Memorial Hospital of Minnesota. Children continue suffering
compared to adults at least in comparison and the benchmark on
government help through health funding.
There is a great need to look at this close and find out whether
these facts are so or it is an assumption and if the rest of the
state of Minnesota is still in the same state.
Availability of Medicaid reduces chances of children receiving
health care from the medical canter. This research design is
going to rely on Medicaid as the independent variable. Health
care on children received through CHIP (Children Health
Insurance Program) is going to be the dependent variable.
Therefore, the problem under research here is: Availability of
Medicare to (some) families undermine the probability of
children to get access to CHIP and thus resulting to less
affordability and availability of healthcare to children through
the medical center.
PURPOSE STATEMENT
This research method document aims at establishing the
relationships between various Healthcare products and
platforms that are provided by the Federal government in
association with the state of Minnesota and the way they
interact to affect accessibility and affordability of healthcare
with the case study of the North Memorial Hospital in
Minnesota.
It will identify the role of, and the statistics around, Medicare,
Medicaid and Children Health Insurance Program and their
interplay to understand if they have any effect on the healthcare
affordability and availability to children. More to this is the
number of children that are not covered by CHIP due to the role

3. played by Medicare in bringing about assumptions that
disadvantage the healthcare access of children. The dependent
variable is going to be the number of families with access to
Medicare and the dependent variable is going to be the number
of children that lack Healthcare especially through CHIP and
due to factors related to Medicare. These could be accessibility
to or lack or accessibility to Medicare.
Research Question
R1. What is the number of families that have access to:
· Medicare
· Medicaid
R2. How many children benefit through funds saved due to
accessibility of another member of the family to Medicare.
R3. How many children get treatment at the hospital through the
help of:
· CHIP
· Medicaid
What is the ratio of recipients of health care services through:
· CHIP
· Medicaid
· Medicare
APPROACH TO PROVIDING SERVICE TO THIS
POPULATION
Children need to be served in a way that won’t compromise or
seem to discriminate on the basis of whichever rationale. At
least, the hospital (and any other medical center) should offer
services to all the needy children irrespective of the ability to
pay of the families. Then this service would be paid for through
progressive tax system where those from an upper social class
and income level get to dig deeper to meet their tax obligations
as compared to those from lower income families.
References

4. CMS congressional guide: Medicare, Medicaid, SCHIP. (2011).
Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Our Vision. (n.d.). Retrieved November 17, 2014, from
http://www.maplegrovehospital.org
Pipes, S. (2013). The cure for Obamacare. New York: Encounter
Books.
Organizing and Describing Data
Saturday, November 1st, 2014
Being unorganized really puts a damper on a work environment.
Having no organization in the workplace can create a feeling of
scatter-ness which is stressful and irritating. Becoming and
staying organized in the work place is extremely effective and
helps boost performance, making employees efficient and
effective which creates a happy and healthy atmosphere. Being
organized can include planning, time management, meeting
deadlines, scheduling, coordinating, and general organizing of
office/desk.
Organizational skills help with: time management, stress
reduction, goal setting, and project planning. Employees with
good organizational skills are known to be more productive
which in return helps avoid mistakes such as forgetting
appointments or even being late for appointments (time
management). A well organized person can typically save a few
hours during the work week which decreases their stress level,
making work happier, less tiring, and leaving them feeling
accomplished instead of rushed and beaten down.

5. Planning is a great tool used in the place of work as it is
essential for determining when supplies are needed and how
much is needed, arranging important documents, keeping
important contact information, and especially work projects as
it helps with dividing the project into various tasks by planning
them ahead of time to create goals each day.
Time management is a great tool used in organizing. Time
management allows you to prioritize your work and tasks that
involve around it; it helps with remaining focused which is
great for being more productive and getting more work done. To
remain organized is to have great time management skills.
Having the ability to be organized is an important skill to have
to meet deadlines, prioritize tasks, and be productive.
Describing data
Describing data is important in statistics because it allows you
to put it into easy understandable summaries. The summaries
then are used to compare sets of numbers from various sources
and to evaluate relationships. In statistics, it’s importance to
construct measures to describe the data numerically first, then
graphically examining the data last. Being organized (above
reading explained it’s importance), is a great tool in statistics
because it allows you to take a set of numbers in order to cont
them and see how often each value occurs. An example would
be to look at diagnosed prostate cancers and count how often in
a 2-year period cancer is diagnosed as stage A, B, C, or D. For
example, of 236 diagnosed cancers, 186 might be stage A, 42
stage B, six stage C, and two stage D. Because it is easier to
understand these numbers if they are presented as percentages,
we say 78.8% (186 of 236) are stage A, 17.8% (42 of 236) are
stage B, 2.5% (six of 236) are stage C, and 0.9% (two of 236)
are stage D (Sonnad, S. S., 2002). In that type of calculation,
two definitions are important. By starting with describing and
graphing of study data, better analysis and clear presentation of
data will result; therefore, descriptive and graphic methods will
improve communication of important research findings.

6. There are two main ways of describing data: mathematically and
visually. Mathematical descriptions are typically measures of
central tendency such as mean, median, and mode; and measures
of dispersion such as a range and standard deviation.
Descriptive data can include tables, charts, graphs, and numbers
in order to summarize present raw data, and organize.
Describing data includes:
Mean: arithmetic average for a group of data.
Median: middle item in a group of data when the data are
ranked in order of magnitude.
Mode: most common value in any distribution.
Histogram: Bar graph that represents a frequency distribution.
Frequency distribution: Table that shows the body of data
grouped according to numeric statistics.
Frequency polygon: Graphic method of presenting a frequency
distribution.
Inferential statistics: Use of sample statistics which infer
characteristics about the population.
Nominal data: Data with items that can only be classified into
groups. The groups cannot be ranked.
Normal distribution: A bell-shaped curve that describes the
distribution of many phenomena.
Percentage distribution: A frequency distribution that contains a
column listing the percentage of items in each class.

7. Quartile: Value below which 25% (lower quartile) or 75%
(upper quartile) of data lie.
Sample: A subset of the population that is usually selected
randomly. Measures that summarize a sample are called sample
statistics.
Graphical descriptions have various ways of representing data
such as simple and complex graphs like 3D graphs that can
reveal structure static that other simple graphs cannot.
Frequency distribution
Organization is an essential step in frequency distribution
because it allows you to put it into a meaningful form so a trend
can form (if there is any to form), which would emerge and
become easily seen from the data which has been organized.
Frequency distribution allows researchers to take a look at the
entire data easily and conveniently by showing if the
observations are high, or, or if they are concentrated in a
specific area across an entire scale.
Frequency distribution tables show various categories of
measurement while also showing the different number of
observations in each category. In order to properly make a
frequency table, it’s important to have an idea of the values
(maximum and minimum.
The four important characteristics of frequency distribution are:
measure of central tendency (mean, median, and mode),
measures of dispersion (range, variance, and standard
deviation), flatness or peakednes (kurtosis), and extend of
symmetry/asymmetry (skewness).
Reference:
Dantic, D. (n.d.). Public Health Biostatistics I. Retrieved
November 3, 2014, from

8. http://www.peoi.org/Courses/Coursesen/phbiostat1/contents/fra
me2.html
Manikandan, S. (2011, January). Frequency distribution.
Retrieved November 3, 2014, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3117575/#!po=8
3.3333McQuerrey, L. (n.d.). Importance of Organizational
Skills in the Workplace. Retrieved from
http://woman.thenest.com/importance-organizational-skills-
workplace-14937.html
Sonnad, S. S., PhD. (2002). Describing Data: Statistical and
Graphical Methods. Retrieved November
3, 2014, from
http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/pdf/10.1148/radiol.2253012154