This document discusses a program budget and financial analysis for a breast cancer awareness campaign targeting African American women. It includes a $1 million budget with revenue sources like grants, donations, and product sales. Expenditures include materials development, workshops, salaries, and supplies. A break-even analysis finds the point where costs equal $100,000 in revenue. Cost-effectiveness analysis shows the awareness campaign is more effective than alternative screening programs in reaching more women at a lower cost. In conclusion, careful budgeting and financial planning are important for implementing the breast cancer awareness initiative.
1 6Evaluation Plan NameUniversity.docxtarifarmarie
1
6
Evaluation Plan
Name
University
Class
Date
Evaluation Plan
Evaluation Method
Evaluation can be defined as the methods that are utilized to determine the effectiveness of a program or service that is required and likely to be used, whether it is conducted as planned, or whether it helps the purpose, objectives, and goals (Andrews et al., 2014). The main evaluation method that will be used to assess the performance and success of this breast cancer awareness program in the community of African American women in Baltimore County is the formative evaluation. The formative evaluation exercise will be undertaken with the purpose of assessing the strengths and weaknesses of materials, or campaign strategies before implementation. Thus, part of the activities of the valuation will include pretesting. The evaluation will allow for the needed corrections before the full effort goes forward. Its main objective will be to increase the likelihood for program success before the communication activity begins. The procedures and tasks involved in implementing the program will also be examined. This form of evaluation will also explore the administrative and organizational elements of the program (Moore et al., 2014). The formative evaluation exercise will begin with the assessment of the needs of the cancer awareness program. The evaluation process will take place throughout the programming processes.
Formative evaluation will be ongoing and will offer information to the planning and implementation team. The primary purpose of this type of assessment will be to strengthen or improve the program being assessed and to determine the quality of its implementation. This medium will give room for the improvement of the program while the activities are in progress. The health promotion program will utilize the formative evaluation to understand the perspectives in which the interventions will take place and the creation of consensus on goals (Tolma et al., 2014). This medium will make it possible to effectively evaluate the participants' responses towards the program and improve it.
Furthermore, the formative evaluation will provide insights into the specific behaviors of concern and the causes of such behaviors concerning the breast cancer awareness among African American women. In so doing, the program implementers will effectively identify the community attitudes that can inhibit or promote the program goals. Part of the evaluation activities will entail identification of resources that are available to the program. Thus, the formative evaluation will be critical to improving the relevance, sustainability, as well as the efficacy of the community-based breast cancer awareness program.
Evaluation Theory
This cancer awareness program will be guided by the theoretical concepts of the social cognitive theory. According to this theory, people’s perception of their capacity to undertake an activity, and their anticipations that the recommended cour.
Running head PSYCHOLOGY1PSYCHOLOGY7Programmatic pur.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PSYCHOLOGY
1
PSYCHOLOGY
7
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Shekima Jacob
South University
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Select and discuss three programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated. In your discussion, provide the rationale for the purposes and outcomes selected. It will be assumed the purposes and outcomes selected were influenced by the program being evaluated.
The program that I will be discussing is human service programs. In the abiding endeavor to enhance human service programs, service providers, policy makers and funders are more and more recognizing the significance of thorough program evaluations. They want to know what the programs achieve, what they spend, and how they must be operated to attain maximum cost efficiency. They want to recognize which programs function for which groups, and they need endings based on proof, as opposed to impassioned pleas and testimonials. The purposes should state the extensive, extensive range result that maintains the mission of the program, including content information areas, performance prospects, and values anticipated of program graduates. Purposes can be stated in wider and more stirring language than outcomes that have to be measurable and specific. Outcome is the reason nonprofit organizations struggle to build capacity and deliver programs. Measurement of outcomes is the systematic way of assessing the extent to which a program has attained its intended results.
The programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated include:
Programmatic purposes
· To monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department.
Without departments, the purpose or goals of human services would be very hard to fulfill. Human services is a very large sector that entails a wide range of skills, knowledge and disciplines focused on enhancing the well being of human both collectively and individually. Just like there are a lot of sectors in human services, so too there are a huge variety of functions of the human service programs that need to be evaluated so as to accomplish the purpose of the program (Connell, Kubisch, Schorr & Weiss, 1995). One of the programmatic purposes of human service programs is to monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department. Any department or even sector requires frequent checks to make sure that it is functioning well and according to the purpose. This purpose is very crucial in the execution of the human service program goals. It needs to be evaluated to make sure that the functions of the health and human service department are in line with the programmatic purposes of the program.
· Assessing internal control over compliance requirements to provide reasonable assurance.
The compliance requirements are very crucial in every program as they make sure that the program is in line with its goals and makes sure it works towards achieving its stipulated outcomes. This purpose needs to be evaluated to m ...
Budget RESEARCHBudget Template - page 1 of 2GRANT(For Internal Use.docxAASTHA76
Budget RESEARCHBudget Template - page 1 of 2GRANT(For Internal Use Only - see specific sponsoringTitle:Union County of Georgia cancer prevention programagency for the proper forms)Date:12-May-17RFA no.PI:Project Period:2017/2018Budget Period:2017-2018Year 1Field researchResearch assitants( Salaries & benefits)250,000Transport120,000Research tools( questionaires and interviews)50,000420,000Screening actvitiesLocal hospital staff service fees80,000Electricity consumed by equipment20,000Maintenace expenses40,000140,000MarketingNutrionists service fees150,000Local gym service15,000Formation of chamber fo commerce180,000Education workshops ( schools and community centers)50,000395,000
pasterme:
rate as of 7/1/05
subject to change
confirm with the SPH
Business Office
pasterme:
part-time student rate as of 7/1/04 subject to change confirm with the SPH Business Office
pasterme:
rate subject to change Please review all budgets with the SPH
Business Office.
Running head: COMMUNITY COALITION 1
COMMUNITY COALITION 3
Community Coalition
Kimberly Crawford
Kaplan University
January 8, 2018
Community Coalition
1. Choose 5 partnerships to engage and explain why you would invite each of these people//organizations to be a part of the coalition.
The creation of community health promotion and education programs takes into consideration several agencies or parties who help in the achievement of the desired health goals. Each of the partners will address its roles using different approaches depending on their area of expertise. This is an important factor to consider as different institutions address health promotion using different approaches and perspectives. The overall outcome from the contribution of every partner should be able to restore and promote the physical, emotional, spiritual, psychological, and social wellness of the community in relation to the health issue being suffered (Minelli, & Breckon, 2009). Chronic diseases are currently the leading causes of death in the community due to their complexity and the severe effects on human health. The community health promotion and education program will be provided by the ‘Health Concerns Coalition’ which will be made up of the following partners; community religious groups, Cancer Supportive Care Foundation, an association of cancer-survivor patients, nutritional organizations, and the local authority.
1. Cancer Supportive Care Foundation – This is an important part of the coalition as it will offer technical expertise in education and diagnosis of chronic diseases. The foundation team will include medical experts who will diagnose the community members of any chronic illnesses. Examinations for diseases such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, diabetes and blood pressure will be conducted by this partner as they will provide modern machines needed for the diagnosis of chronic illnesses.
2. Community religious groups – Community religious groups ca ...
RECOMMENDING AN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE CHANGEWALDEN U.docxaudeleypearl
RECOMMENDING AN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE CHANGE
WALDEN UNIVERSITY
JULY 28, 2019
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
My Facilityl is focused on providing quality healthcare to all patients regardless of their differences.
The facility is has a culture of embracing change as long as it helps in improving the patients’ health outcomes.
However, since our hospital is a community-based health service facility, there are some of things that need to be changed.
The healthcare facility offers cancer services including screening and management services. Screening is offered to the community occasionally when the facility organizes cancer awareness where they get more cancer professionals from other hospitals to help provide screening services to the people.
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
The problem facing the healthcare facility currently is the lack of cancer screening awareness among the community members and enough oncologists.
Cancer screening services require advanced technology and machines to ensure detection and diagnosis of cancer.
Cancer is one of the top diseases causing high mortality rates around the world presently.
The federal and national government are the key stakeholders who need to provide the hospitals with funds for purchase of cancer screening machines and hiring of enough oncologists.
The risk involved with this change is the cancer screening costs which might not be affordable to all people.
Organization Description and Readiness for Change
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
Increasing cancer screening awareness can be done in the community especially in various institution where many people come together.
Cancer screening awareness can also be increased by passing the information on importance of screening in social media and also for every patient that visits the hospital.
Cancer screening services should also be done freely to attract more people to go for screening services.
The facility can implement these changes by training all the nursing staffs and physicians on cancer screening information so they can pass the information to all the people they interact with and attend.
*
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
One of the measurable outcomes that can be achieved with the implementation of cancer screening awareness is the early detection of different types of cancers like colorectal, breast, cervical, prostate, among others (Alfa Scientific Designs, 2017).
The second outcome is the education on prevention strategies that people could adopt to help prevent cancer by educating the people on some of the cancer risk factors (Alfa Scientific Designs, 2017).
The awareness can also help in acknowledging the existence of screening services in the healthcare facility.
Knowledge of the early signs associated among the public could also be achieved through awareness campaigns.
Overall Quality Improvement in Processes: Continuous quality improvement initiat ...
This presentation examines the ACSM Strategies of USAID’s FALAH in Pakistan using the URC’s Framework. It also presents URC’s Implementation Strategies as seen through WHO's ACSM program. Presenters reflections and Discussion Questions are included and the presenters Proposed 15 Steps Behavior Change Strategies.
Poster presentation titled: Implementing a national program to influence media reporting of suicide: The Australian experience. Poster delivered at the International Association for Suicide Prevention Congress in Tahiti in June 2014. Poster presented by Jaelea Skehan.
Running head JUVENILE DELINQUENCY POLICY .docxwlynn1
Running head: JUVENILE DELINQUENCY POLICY
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY POLICY
Juvenile Delinquency Policy
Student's Name
Institutional Affiliation
Often policies aimed at improving the situation of certain conditions in the society are formulated, passed and made ready for implementation. However, challenges face the implementation phase of the policies. There are a number of challenges that may hinder the implementation of a certain policy. These range from physical, social, economic, environmental and economic factors. this paper will seek to exploit the cost factors that affect the implementation of the juvenile delinquency policy. These fall under the economic factors of the above-named factors. These include a measure of the benefits that are to be realized upon switching to the new policy.
Training Costs.
Implementation of any policy involves capacity building of individuals who are going to disseminate the information to different part of the nation. This includes carrying out training in different places so as to ensure that the public is sensitized on the importance of this particular policy of juvenile delinquency for our case. This may include training in the institutions and also community-based training all of which will require funds for facilitation.
Incorporations Cost
The implementation of this policy will involve the provision of education to children in order to mold them to the desirable state of behavior. There will be a need of taking even the children who do not have access to education to institutions by ensuring that education is free of charge to all. To ensure these, the government of the day is obliged to sponsor these programs hence will need to source funds for the program.
Program Sustenance Cost
Once a program to support this policy is started, it important to ensure that the program is kept going on. There should be a consideration of the ways to sustain the program through the provision of necessities like learning materials among other education materials.
Administrative Costs.
These are the costs that are incurred to run the program in different places. This includes salaries for the officer responsible for overseeing the policy implementation in the different locations. This is also a great factor to put into consideration.
Ensuring The Participation of Different Groups in This Policy.
The involvement of the groups within the society is very important as it boosts this policy implementation. There are a number of ways that can be used to ensure the participation of these individual groups within society. The mass media being one of the groups can be involved through carrying out the campaigns via the media houses. The media houses can air any information that is supposed to pass across to the society. The media houses can also horst in.
1 6Evaluation Plan NameUniversity.docxtarifarmarie
1
6
Evaluation Plan
Name
University
Class
Date
Evaluation Plan
Evaluation Method
Evaluation can be defined as the methods that are utilized to determine the effectiveness of a program or service that is required and likely to be used, whether it is conducted as planned, or whether it helps the purpose, objectives, and goals (Andrews et al., 2014). The main evaluation method that will be used to assess the performance and success of this breast cancer awareness program in the community of African American women in Baltimore County is the formative evaluation. The formative evaluation exercise will be undertaken with the purpose of assessing the strengths and weaknesses of materials, or campaign strategies before implementation. Thus, part of the activities of the valuation will include pretesting. The evaluation will allow for the needed corrections before the full effort goes forward. Its main objective will be to increase the likelihood for program success before the communication activity begins. The procedures and tasks involved in implementing the program will also be examined. This form of evaluation will also explore the administrative and organizational elements of the program (Moore et al., 2014). The formative evaluation exercise will begin with the assessment of the needs of the cancer awareness program. The evaluation process will take place throughout the programming processes.
Formative evaluation will be ongoing and will offer information to the planning and implementation team. The primary purpose of this type of assessment will be to strengthen or improve the program being assessed and to determine the quality of its implementation. This medium will give room for the improvement of the program while the activities are in progress. The health promotion program will utilize the formative evaluation to understand the perspectives in which the interventions will take place and the creation of consensus on goals (Tolma et al., 2014). This medium will make it possible to effectively evaluate the participants' responses towards the program and improve it.
Furthermore, the formative evaluation will provide insights into the specific behaviors of concern and the causes of such behaviors concerning the breast cancer awareness among African American women. In so doing, the program implementers will effectively identify the community attitudes that can inhibit or promote the program goals. Part of the evaluation activities will entail identification of resources that are available to the program. Thus, the formative evaluation will be critical to improving the relevance, sustainability, as well as the efficacy of the community-based breast cancer awareness program.
Evaluation Theory
This cancer awareness program will be guided by the theoretical concepts of the social cognitive theory. According to this theory, people’s perception of their capacity to undertake an activity, and their anticipations that the recommended cour.
Running head PSYCHOLOGY1PSYCHOLOGY7Programmatic pur.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: PSYCHOLOGY
1
PSYCHOLOGY
7
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Shekima Jacob
South University
Programmatic purposes and outcomes
Select and discuss three programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated. In your discussion, provide the rationale for the purposes and outcomes selected. It will be assumed the purposes and outcomes selected were influenced by the program being evaluated.
The program that I will be discussing is human service programs. In the abiding endeavor to enhance human service programs, service providers, policy makers and funders are more and more recognizing the significance of thorough program evaluations. They want to know what the programs achieve, what they spend, and how they must be operated to attain maximum cost efficiency. They want to recognize which programs function for which groups, and they need endings based on proof, as opposed to impassioned pleas and testimonials. The purposes should state the extensive, extensive range result that maintains the mission of the program, including content information areas, performance prospects, and values anticipated of program graduates. Purposes can be stated in wider and more stirring language than outcomes that have to be measurable and specific. Outcome is the reason nonprofit organizations struggle to build capacity and deliver programs. Measurement of outcomes is the systematic way of assessing the extent to which a program has attained its intended results.
The programmatic purposes and outcomes that should be evaluated include:
Programmatic purposes
· To monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department.
Without departments, the purpose or goals of human services would be very hard to fulfill. Human services is a very large sector that entails a wide range of skills, knowledge and disciplines focused on enhancing the well being of human both collectively and individually. Just like there are a lot of sectors in human services, so too there are a huge variety of functions of the human service programs that need to be evaluated so as to accomplish the purpose of the program (Connell, Kubisch, Schorr & Weiss, 1995). One of the programmatic purposes of human service programs is to monitor functions for the Health and Human Services department. Any department or even sector requires frequent checks to make sure that it is functioning well and according to the purpose. This purpose is very crucial in the execution of the human service program goals. It needs to be evaluated to make sure that the functions of the health and human service department are in line with the programmatic purposes of the program.
· Assessing internal control over compliance requirements to provide reasonable assurance.
The compliance requirements are very crucial in every program as they make sure that the program is in line with its goals and makes sure it works towards achieving its stipulated outcomes. This purpose needs to be evaluated to m ...
Budget RESEARCHBudget Template - page 1 of 2GRANT(For Internal Use.docxAASTHA76
Budget RESEARCHBudget Template - page 1 of 2GRANT(For Internal Use Only - see specific sponsoringTitle:Union County of Georgia cancer prevention programagency for the proper forms)Date:12-May-17RFA no.PI:Project Period:2017/2018Budget Period:2017-2018Year 1Field researchResearch assitants( Salaries & benefits)250,000Transport120,000Research tools( questionaires and interviews)50,000420,000Screening actvitiesLocal hospital staff service fees80,000Electricity consumed by equipment20,000Maintenace expenses40,000140,000MarketingNutrionists service fees150,000Local gym service15,000Formation of chamber fo commerce180,000Education workshops ( schools and community centers)50,000395,000
pasterme:
rate as of 7/1/05
subject to change
confirm with the SPH
Business Office
pasterme:
part-time student rate as of 7/1/04 subject to change confirm with the SPH Business Office
pasterme:
rate subject to change Please review all budgets with the SPH
Business Office.
Running head: COMMUNITY COALITION 1
COMMUNITY COALITION 3
Community Coalition
Kimberly Crawford
Kaplan University
January 8, 2018
Community Coalition
1. Choose 5 partnerships to engage and explain why you would invite each of these people//organizations to be a part of the coalition.
The creation of community health promotion and education programs takes into consideration several agencies or parties who help in the achievement of the desired health goals. Each of the partners will address its roles using different approaches depending on their area of expertise. This is an important factor to consider as different institutions address health promotion using different approaches and perspectives. The overall outcome from the contribution of every partner should be able to restore and promote the physical, emotional, spiritual, psychological, and social wellness of the community in relation to the health issue being suffered (Minelli, & Breckon, 2009). Chronic diseases are currently the leading causes of death in the community due to their complexity and the severe effects on human health. The community health promotion and education program will be provided by the ‘Health Concerns Coalition’ which will be made up of the following partners; community religious groups, Cancer Supportive Care Foundation, an association of cancer-survivor patients, nutritional organizations, and the local authority.
1. Cancer Supportive Care Foundation – This is an important part of the coalition as it will offer technical expertise in education and diagnosis of chronic diseases. The foundation team will include medical experts who will diagnose the community members of any chronic illnesses. Examinations for diseases such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, diabetes and blood pressure will be conducted by this partner as they will provide modern machines needed for the diagnosis of chronic illnesses.
2. Community religious groups – Community religious groups ca ...
RECOMMENDING AN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE CHANGEWALDEN U.docxaudeleypearl
RECOMMENDING AN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE CHANGE
WALDEN UNIVERSITY
JULY 28, 2019
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
My Facilityl is focused on providing quality healthcare to all patients regardless of their differences.
The facility is has a culture of embracing change as long as it helps in improving the patients’ health outcomes.
However, since our hospital is a community-based health service facility, there are some of things that need to be changed.
The healthcare facility offers cancer services including screening and management services. Screening is offered to the community occasionally when the facility organizes cancer awareness where they get more cancer professionals from other hospitals to help provide screening services to the people.
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
The problem facing the healthcare facility currently is the lack of cancer screening awareness among the community members and enough oncologists.
Cancer screening services require advanced technology and machines to ensure detection and diagnosis of cancer.
Cancer is one of the top diseases causing high mortality rates around the world presently.
The federal and national government are the key stakeholders who need to provide the hospitals with funds for purchase of cancer screening machines and hiring of enough oncologists.
The risk involved with this change is the cancer screening costs which might not be affordable to all people.
Organization Description and Readiness for Change
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
Increasing cancer screening awareness can be done in the community especially in various institution where many people come together.
Cancer screening awareness can also be increased by passing the information on importance of screening in social media and also for every patient that visits the hospital.
Cancer screening services should also be done freely to attract more people to go for screening services.
The facility can implement these changes by training all the nursing staffs and physicians on cancer screening information so they can pass the information to all the people they interact with and attend.
*
Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
One of the measurable outcomes that can be achieved with the implementation of cancer screening awareness is the early detection of different types of cancers like colorectal, breast, cervical, prostate, among others (Alfa Scientific Designs, 2017).
The second outcome is the education on prevention strategies that people could adopt to help prevent cancer by educating the people on some of the cancer risk factors (Alfa Scientific Designs, 2017).
The awareness can also help in acknowledging the existence of screening services in the healthcare facility.
Knowledge of the early signs associated among the public could also be achieved through awareness campaigns.
Overall Quality Improvement in Processes: Continuous quality improvement initiat ...
This presentation examines the ACSM Strategies of USAID’s FALAH in Pakistan using the URC’s Framework. It also presents URC’s Implementation Strategies as seen through WHO's ACSM program. Presenters reflections and Discussion Questions are included and the presenters Proposed 15 Steps Behavior Change Strategies.
Poster presentation titled: Implementing a national program to influence media reporting of suicide: The Australian experience. Poster delivered at the International Association for Suicide Prevention Congress in Tahiti in June 2014. Poster presented by Jaelea Skehan.
Running head JUVENILE DELINQUENCY POLICY .docxwlynn1
Running head: JUVENILE DELINQUENCY POLICY
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY POLICY
Juvenile Delinquency Policy
Student's Name
Institutional Affiliation
Often policies aimed at improving the situation of certain conditions in the society are formulated, passed and made ready for implementation. However, challenges face the implementation phase of the policies. There are a number of challenges that may hinder the implementation of a certain policy. These range from physical, social, economic, environmental and economic factors. this paper will seek to exploit the cost factors that affect the implementation of the juvenile delinquency policy. These fall under the economic factors of the above-named factors. These include a measure of the benefits that are to be realized upon switching to the new policy.
Training Costs.
Implementation of any policy involves capacity building of individuals who are going to disseminate the information to different part of the nation. This includes carrying out training in different places so as to ensure that the public is sensitized on the importance of this particular policy of juvenile delinquency for our case. This may include training in the institutions and also community-based training all of which will require funds for facilitation.
Incorporations Cost
The implementation of this policy will involve the provision of education to children in order to mold them to the desirable state of behavior. There will be a need of taking even the children who do not have access to education to institutions by ensuring that education is free of charge to all. To ensure these, the government of the day is obliged to sponsor these programs hence will need to source funds for the program.
Program Sustenance Cost
Once a program to support this policy is started, it important to ensure that the program is kept going on. There should be a consideration of the ways to sustain the program through the provision of necessities like learning materials among other education materials.
Administrative Costs.
These are the costs that are incurred to run the program in different places. This includes salaries for the officer responsible for overseeing the policy implementation in the different locations. This is also a great factor to put into consideration.
Ensuring The Participation of Different Groups in This Policy.
The involvement of the groups within the society is very important as it boosts this policy implementation. There are a number of ways that can be used to ensure the participation of these individual groups within society. The mass media being one of the groups can be involved through carrying out the campaigns via the media houses. The media houses can air any information that is supposed to pass across to the society. The media houses can also horst in.
httphpp.sagepub.comHealth Promotion Practice http.docxMARRY7
http://hpp.sagepub.com/
Health Promotion Practice
http://hpp.sagepub.com/content/10/1/24
The online version of this article can be found at:
DOI: 10.1177/1524839906289048
2009 10: 24Health Promot Pract
Katz
Kari A. Hartwig, Richard Louis Dunville, Michael H. Kim, Becca Levy, Margot M. Zaharek, Valentine Y. Njike and David L.
Promoting Healthy People 2010 Through Small Grants
Published by:
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On behalf of:
Society for Public Health Education
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Promoting Healthy People 2010
Through Small Grants
Kari A. Hartwig, DrPH
Richard Louis Dunville, MPH
Michael H. Kim, MPH
Becca Levy, PhD
Margot M. Zaharek, MS
Valentine Y. Njike, MD, MPH
David L. Katz, MD, MPH
objectives (U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services [DHHS], 2000a). Today’s Healthy People 2010
(HP 2010) goals and objectives build on the previous
two decades’ accomplishments and set national targets
for reducing disease and disability and promoting
healthier, longer lives (DHHS, 2000b). Led by the U.S.
DHHS, the overarching goals of the current initiative
are to increase quality and years of life and to eliminate
health disparities (Davis, 2000; DHHS, 2003). DHHS
(2001) encourages working through communities and
local organizations to influence individual behavior
and the promotion and maintenance of environments
conducive to healthier lifestyles.
>>BACKGROUND
Building on the health promotion premise that orga-
nizations and communities are instruments of change
(McLeroy, Bibeau, Steckler, & Glanz, 1988; Stokols,
1992), the DHHS Office of Disease Prevention and
Health Promotion (ODPHP) initiated a pilot study in
October 2001 to develop a national model for engaging
community organizations in health promotion and dis-
ease prevention activities that reflect the national HP
2010 goals and objectives. ODPHP awarded the Healthy
People 2010 Microgrant Project, one of two pilot stud-
ies, to Yale Univer ...
22Program Budgeting and Financial Analysis NameUniversit.docxvickeryr87
2
2
Program Budgeting and Financial Analysis
Name
University
Evidence Based Practice I: Assessment and Design
January 20, 2019
Program Budgeting and Financial Analysis
Every initiative requires financial resources, and that is why it is essential to prepare a budget for a program. A program project, at its core, is developed for a specific activity. It includes the revenue and the expenditure components for that particular project. Many organizations use program budgets for successful implementation of their initiatives. By listing all the sources of revenues and expenditures, it is possible to control all the financial activities in which a project takes part in (U.S. Small Business Administration, n.d.). Another important aspect in healthcare programs is financial analysis. Policymakers must perform financial analysis for effective allocation of resources and determination of economic benefits of a given initiative (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2008). This paper discusses the budgetary requirements and cost-effectiveness of a breast awareness campaign among African American women in Baltimore County Maryland.
Program Budget
A functional budgeting system, which deals with the inputs and outputs of a program or a project is adopted for this breast cancer awareness program among African American women in Baltimore County Maryland. According to Kettner, Moroney, and Martin (2017) functional budgeting systems usually focus on management and are mainly concerned with a program's efficiency and productivity. Because of its principal purpose, functional budgeting system is generally thought of as efficiency budgeting. The primary goal of this breast cancer awareness program is to increase awareness and enhance access to breast cancer screening as well as diagnosis among African American women. Like in any other budget, there are various sources of revenues and expenditure items for this program’s budget (see Table 1).
Table 1: Budget Line Items for Breast Cancer Awareness Program
Revenues
Amount
Total
Membership contribution
$
100,000
Special Events
$150,000
Government contracts and grants
$250,000
Program income
$300,000
Endowment income
$50,000
Other income
$50,000
Third party payments
$100,000
Total Revenue
$1,000,000
Expenditures
Development and distribution of educational materials
$100,000
Breast cancer educational workshops
$230,000
One-on-one breast cancer health education
$70,000
Salaries and wages
$200,000
Rent
$30,000
Utilities
$20,000
Equipment
$50,000
Supplies
$50,000
Transport
$150,000
Telephone
$50,000
Other (miscellaneous)
$50,000
$1,000,000
A budget comprises of two principal sections: the revenue part and the expenditure part (Hodges & Videto, 2011). The total budget required for six months, from the start up to the completion of this campaign, is 1 million United States dollars. The program incom.
Assignment 1 Initial Analysis for Program PlanningNeeds Ass.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Initial Analysis for Program Planning
Needs Assessment
“As a concept, need is not only difficult to define but, once defined, difficult to measure” (Kettner, Moroney, & Martin, 2017, p. 63). Likewise, it can be challenging to define and measure assets—yet it is equally important to do so during this phase of program planning. This week's Learning Resources provide foundational information and guidance for conducting needs assessments, which entails discerning needs that must be addressed in light of the assets that are present.
As you return to Assignment 1, the attention turns to conducting a needs assessment for the problem you have identified. What data collection strategies could be most useful? What issues would likely be encountered? How would you address them?
To prepare for this week's section of Assignment 1:
Continue (from the Discussion) to:
Identify a viable approach for conducting a needs assessment for your problem.
Identify method(s) of data collection.
Assess potential challenges and propose alternatives/solutions.
The full Assignment 1 is due by day 4 (Thursday 12/20/18) of this week. Instructions have been provided in previous weeks to help you prepare.
By Day 4
To complete:
Write a 3- to 5-page paper, in APA format with at least 7 scholarly references in which you address the following level 1 and 2 header:
Also include an introduction and a conclusion as per APA guidelines.
1)
Identification of a Problem and a Population
Identify a problem and a target population.
(Note: Your problem should be clearly developed and related to a health-promotion and disease-prevention issue of national significance. You should select a target population so that your program can be designed to create maximum yet realistic impact at the aggregate level.)
2)
Using a Theory or Model
Analyze a theory or model that is relevant to your selected problem. Explain why this is the most appropriate model for you to use with this problem.
3)
Literature Review
(provide at least 4 scholarly articles less than 5 years old) )
Assess the literature as it relates to your problem. Use evidence from the literature to support your response to the following question:
Why is it important to assist this population to resolve the selected problem?
4)
Needs Assessment
Describe an appropriate approach to conducting a needs assessment for your problem.
Identify method(s) of data collection.
Assess potential challenges and propose alternatives/solutions.
Required Readings
Hodges, B. C., & Videto, D. M. (2011).
Assessment and planning in health programs
(2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Chapter 1, “Assessment for Developing Programs and Interventions: The Big Picture”
Chapter 1
notes the importance of looking not just at needs but also the assets associated with the target population and env.
HCM 3305, Community Health 1 Course Learning Outcom.docxaryan532920
HCM 3305, Community Health 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
3. Recognize effective organization and promotion of health programming for community health on a
global scale.
3.1. Assess the steps for organizing a community health program.
3.2. Identify steps needed to effectively evaluate the community health program.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 15:
Systems Thinking and Leadership in Community and Public Health
Unit Lesson
In this unit, we will discuss systems thinking and community health programming.
Community organizing is a process that involves the engagement of individuals, groups, and organizations.
Program planning is not required in community organizing; however, it is often times used. Program planning
is a process where a health intervention is planned to meet the needs within a population. Antiviolence
campaigns and stress management courses are examples of program planning (McKenzie, Pinger, & Kotecki,
2012).
When deciding which community health interventions to create, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) uses Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide). The Community Guide
is considered credible because it is based off the scientific systematic review process. The guide answers
many questions that are critical to community health on subjects such as
interventions that have worked/did not work,
populations in which the intervention worked/did not work,
cost of the intervention,
benefits/risks of the intervention, and
future research recommendations (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015).
Community health programs are intricate and are a key factor in disease prevention, improving health, and
increasing quality of life. Health status and behaviors are determined by personal, environmental, policy, and
organizational influences. Community health programming is targeted at reaching the goals of Healthy People
2010. Community health programs are generally held within healthcare settings; however, other settings are
becoming more popular. Programs are being held at schools, worksites, religious organizations, and within
communities (Healthy People 2020, 2015). There are instances where healthcare organizations are
collaborating with schools to offer health programs. For instance, nutrition and exercise programs are being
offered at an increased rate. Employers see the value of employee health. Therefore, many employers offer
incentives to employees who take part in employee wellness programs. It is not far fetched to hear about
employers checking cholesterol, blood pressure, quality of life, weight, BMI, and sometimes glucose. The
rationale is that healthy employees are less likely to call in sick with health-related conditions.
Community health professionals must identify their health issue, and then create specific and measurable
goals and objectives. ...
Running Head Colorectal Cancer Prevention Program-Evaluation Des.docxaryan532920
Running Head: Colorectal Cancer Prevention Program-Evaluation Design 9
Colorectal Cancer Prevention Program Evaluation Design
Kaplan University-PU630-Unit 7
September 20, 2016
Deserie Thomas
Dr. Amy Thompson
COLORECTAL CANCER PREVENTION PROGRAM EVALUATION DESIGN
Engaged Stakeholders What Stakeholders Want to Know
Public Health Department
Document the resources that have been leveraged to support colorectal cancer prevention program efforts.
Local Legislators
Identify the number of people receiving services and the extent to which interventions are yielding intended awareness, behavioral and/or health outcomes for participants.
Intervention participants
Determine the extent to which interventions are yielding intended awareness, behavioral and/or health outcomes for participants.
Community Clinic
Review the quality, contributions, and impact of the Colorectal Cancer Coalition.
Review the quality and implementation progress of the statewide Colorectal Cancer Coalition plan.
Determine to what extent interventions outlined in the Colorectal Cancer Coalition action plan are being executed and yielding intended results.
Local American Cancer Society Partner
Determine whether American Cancer Society products are being incorporated effectively into the efforts of the colorectal cancer prevention program.
Engaging Stakeholders
Health Department
Members of the evaluation advisory committee
Presenters/advocates who share findings with state and community partners
All phases of the evaluation process via regular evaluation advisory committee meetings
Legislators
External reviewers of evaluation plans and methods
Evaluation planning phase
Intervention Participants
Members of the evaluation advisory committee
Data sources (i.e., participants in evaluation interviews and surveys)
Two representatives to participate in all phases of the evaluation process via regular evaluation advisory committee
Community Clinic
External reviewers of evaluation plans and methods
Evaluation implementation phase
Evaluation planning phase
Local American Cancer Society Partner
Data analysts Presenters/advocates who share findings with state and community partners
Evaluation implementation phase Dissemination phase
Evaluation Stakeholder Group Composition
The composition of the evaluation stakeholders will fund and authorized the continuation or expansion of the Colorectal Cancer Prevention Program. The stakeholders are responsible for day to day implementation of the activities that are part of the program, and has a strong influence on the development of thoughtful evaluation questions that will generate evaluation findings that are useful, relevant, and credible (assuming the evaluation applies the appropriate design and data collection and analysis methods). Ideally, the evaluation stakeholders gro ...
1
Stakeholder Involvement In Evaluation Planning
Student Name
Institution Name
Course Number
Due Date
Faculty Name
Topic: Stakeholder Involvement In evaluation Planning
Stakeholders are the people that are at stake on the evaluation. They are individuals that have interest in or are impacted by evaluation and its results. I would consider involving stakeholders in health program planning. Stakeholders have the ability to provide ideas and aidin the creation of potential solutions (Ferreira,et al., 2020). In most cases stakeholders are from various backgrounds; they therefore look at issues from various perspectives.this allows opposing viewpoints to be expressed and also discussed. Engaging stakeholders from the planning stage, maximizes the chance of project success through the final execution. They may as well aid in preventing unforeseen problems (Michnej, & Zwolinski, 2018). They have a great influence on the community of animal lovers, thus it is imperative to have an advocate instead of an adversary.
I would consider facilitating stakeholder’s involvement through maintaining open communication. The stakeholders need to be updated on the organization’s core purpose. It is essential to be consistent in the messages, and use them to show employees how they fit in the plan as well as how their contributions have aided in shaping the decisions made (Smith, 2017). Individuals that know what is expected as well as how they contribute tend to be more engaged and committed in comparison to those that do not. It is essential to ensure that the stakeholders know where they fit in. engaging employees in the planning process aids in building ownership in the firm.
References
Ferreira, V., Barreira, A. P., Loures, L., Antunes, D., & Panagopoulos, T. (2020). Stakeholders’ engagement on nature-based solutions: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 12(2), 640.
Michnej, M., & Zwoliński, T. (2018). The role and responsibility of stakeholders in the planning process of the sustainable urban mobility in the city Krakow. Transport Economics and Logistics, 80, 159-167.
Smith, P. A. (2017). Stakeholder engagement framework. Information & Security, 38, 35-45.
TOPIC: Strategies and Ethics
As the director of the local public health department, you are preparing to conduct a town hall presentation. In it you will communicate the direction of the strategic plan. Your audience will include collaborative partners (invested stakeholders) such as academicians, health professionals, state health department staff, representatives from affected communities, and representatives from nongovernmental organizations.
Recall that your Stakeholder Involvement in Evaluation Planning discussion in Unit 5 reviewed the planning and evaluation cycle (Figure 11-1 in your textbook). In addition, in that discussion you explained where in the cycle and how you would seek stakeholder involvement in evaluation planning. The town hall presentation is on ...
National Institute of Health: Theory at a Glance, A Guide for Health Promotio...Zach Lukasiewicz
Introduction viii
Audience and Purpose 1
Contents 1
Part 1: Foundations of Theory in Health Promotion and Health Behavior 3
Why Is Theory Important to Health Promotion and Health Behavior Practice? 4
What Is Theory? 4
How Can Theory Help Plan Effective Programs? 4
Explanatory Theory and Change Theory 5
Fitting Theory to the Field of Practice 5
Using Theory to Address Health Issues in Diverse Populations 7
Part 2: Theories and Applications 9
The Ecological Perspective: A Multilevel, Interactive Approach 10
Theoretical Explanations of Three Levels of Influence 12
Individual or Intrapersonal Level 12
Health Belief Model 13
Stages of Change Model 15
Theory of Planned Behavior 16
Precaution Adoption Process Model 18
Interpersonal Level 19
Social Cognitive Theory 19
Community Level 22
Community Organization and Other Participatory Models 23
Diffusion of Innovations 27
Communication Theory 29
Media Effects 30
Agenda Setting 30
New Communication Technologies 31
Running head LOGIC MODELLOGIC MODEL 2Logic modelStu.docxwlynn1
Running head: LOGIC MODEL
LOGIC MODEL
2
Logic model
Student’s name
University affiliation
Date
References
Blue-Howells, J., McGuire, J., & Nakashima, J. (2008). Co-location of health care services for homeless veterans: a case study of innovation in program implementation. Social work in health care, 47(3), 219-231.
Output
Integrating patient care
Communication and collaboration between workers hence resulting to communities of practicing clinicians
Attracting new patients to GLA
Funding a two-year pilot grant
Effective process for psychiatric screening for homeless patients
Outcomes
Homeless project were integrated
The issues of homeless veterans were addressed due to institutional barriers
There was creation of coalition and linking the project to legitimate VA-wide goals
Good sustained program maintenance, process evaluation and encouraging development of communities.
Activities
Building a coalition of decision makers
Introduction of a new integrated program
Inputs
The decision to implement
Initial implementation
Sustained maintenance
Termination or transformation
Running head: PROGRAM EVALUATION 1
PROGRAM EVALUATION 2
Program Evaluation
Institutional Affiliation
Insert the student’s name
Instructor’s name
Course
Date
Introduction
Evaluation of the program is usually done to in order to determine the quality of the program, how effective the program is and how the program is performing. This can help to know if the program is making a significant difference among the targeted people. It can also assist to know if the program is functioning or not. This paper therefore seeks to evaluate the program which is assisting the homeless people within the community.
The two program evaluation questions are: what is the reach of the program? And what has been the impact of the program on the homeless people? The answers to these questions would elicit both qualitative and quantitative results. Therefore, the program evaluation will require both quantitative and qualitative data collection plan. This is because the use of mixed-method approach is convenient since the results and findings would be reliable (Creswell, 2017). After identifying the evaluation program questions, the next step will be to come up with plan of evaluating a program. The plan should consist of methods of collecting data, evidences, the person responsible and the duration.
Program Evaluation Question
Evidence
Methods and sources of collecting data
Person in charge
Duration
1. What is the reach of the program?
Number of building materials distributed
Records of the program
Robert
One month
2. What has been the impact of the program on the homeless people?
Number of people resettled
Number of people not yet re.
A retrospective review of the Honduras AIN-C program guided by a community he...HFG Project
Factors that influence performance of community health workers (CHWs) delivering health services are not well understood. A recent logic model proposed categories of support from both health sector and communities influence CHW performance and program outcomes. This logic model has been used to review a growth monitoring program delivered by CHWs in Honduras, known as Atención Integral a la Niñez en la Comunidad (AIN-C). A retrospective review of AIN-C was conducted through a document desk review and supplemented with in-depth interviews. Documents were systematically coded using the categories from the logic model, and gaps were addressed through interviews. Authors reviewed coded data for each category to analyze program details and outcomes as well as identify potential issues and gaps in the logic model.
Running head DIVERSITY AND MULTICULTURALISM IN HEALTH CARE .docxsusanschei
Running head: DIVERSITY AND MULTICULTURALISM IN HEALTH CARE 1
DIVERSITY AND MULTICULTURALISM IN HEALTH CARE
1
Diversity and Multiculturalism in Health Care
Kimberly Crawford
Kaplan University
November 28, 2016
Diversity and multicultural perspectives are vital in the health education and public health fields in that it allows people to recognize interdependence and focus their ideas with a group other than their own. Additionally, it utilizes the patient's culture and language as tools to advance the results for that individual. According to the American Academy of Family Physician (2014), diversity and multiculturalism create a health care setting that appreciates diversity people feel welcome, appreciated, and allow medical professionals and organization to instil multiracial viewpoints into their strategy, plan and execute quality focused health initiative to all members of the community.
In general, embracing cultural diversity and multiple perspectives before starting an intervention program is vital to the provision and improvement of the overall quality of care delivery. It is, therefore, important to consider multiple perspectives before starting an intervention because diversity in the target audience and the program participants has ramifications regarding the things measured, the data collected as well as how the data is collected. For instance, before the program, one needs to consider factors such as nationality, race, and culture because, in some situations, race has been associated with some specific genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia, and some lactose intolerance, which can influence the intervention outcomes (Issel, 2004). According to Issel, factors like physical characteristics of the population and community may affect the decisions during the planning and later during program evaluation. Furthermore, it is important to consider multiple perspectives before the program because program participants may bring their culture to the program in ways that may influence the intervention and its effectiveness.
Goal 1 could be applied to a diverse population; however, the goals need to be modified to be culturally inclusive. Different cultures have different foods and therefore to ensure that the participating population adheres to the program, the plan should state precisely the foods to be taken during the intervention to ensure successful outcomes. The second goal involves preventing obesity among children through childcare and schools. This goal can be implemented within a multicultural population however in needs some modification to get the best results. Different families have various methods of nurturing their children, and different meals could have an effect on the health of the child. As a result, the program needs to begin by educating families on some of the best ways to nurture their children especially the foods they feed their babies at an early stage. The ...
Running head Multi-actor modelling system 1Multi-actor mod.docxglendar3
Running head: Multi-actor modelling system 1
Multi-actor modelling system3
Multi-actor modelling system
Yogesh Dagwale
University of the Cumberland’s
Ligtenberg, A., Wachowicz, M., Bregt, A. K., Beulens, A., & Kettenis, D. L. (2004). A design and application of a multi-agent system for simulation of multi-actor spatial planning. Journal of environmental management, 72(1-2), 43-55.
They talk about the potential and restrictions of the MAS to manufacture models that empower spatial organizers to incorporate the 'actor factor' in their examination. Their structure system contemplates actors who assume a functioning job in the spatial planning. They included actors who can watch and see a spatial domain. Using these perceptions and discernment they produce an inclination for a preferred spatial situation. Actors at that point present and discuss their inclinations amid their exchanges with different actors.
The inclinations of the actor fill in as inputs for an official choice making. Finally, ultimate conclusions are actualized in the spatial framework. They found that MAS can produce space utilization designs in light of a portrayal of a multi-actor planning process. It additionally can clear up the impacts of actors under the administration of various planning styles on the space utilization and prove how the relations between actors change amid a planning process and under different orders of coming up with decisions. Unlike the work by Parker, Manson, Janssen, Hoffman & Deadman,2003, cited below, this paper did not include the various challenges associated with the use of MAS.
Parker, D. C., Manson, S. M., Janssen, M. A., Hoffmann, M. J., & Deadman, P. (2003). Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change: a review. Annals of the association of American Geographers, 93(2), 314-337.
In this paper, they studied different models. These models, however, were not thorough enough and therefore they took into account the multi-actor system, dynamic spatial Simulation, which has two components, that is, a cellular model that speaks to biogeophysical and biological parts of a demonstrated framework and an actor-based model to speak to human conclusion making. Because of its nature and ability to model complex situations, they highlighted some of the areas that MAS can be applied where other models cannot be able to deliver. Such areas are modeling of emergent phenomena whereby MAS can model landscape plans, due to its flexibility, MAS can represent complex land use/ cover systems, and they can be used to model dynamic paths. They also outlined the various challenges to Multi-actor systems. Such challenges include an understanding of complexity, individual decision making, empirical parameterization and model validation, and communication.
Faber, N. R., & Jorna, R. J. (2011, June). The use of multi-actor systems for studying social sustainability: Theoretical backgrounds and pseudo-specifications. In Com.
Running head: MY MOTHER MY HERO 1
MY MOTHER MY HERO 4
My Mother My hero
Institution Affiliation
Students’ Name
Date of Submission
My Mother My hero
Once I think of a hero, there are specific qualities that surround my imagination, being courageous, hardworking, truthful, strong, resilient, and generous have been the qualities I taught about. I also think a hero is someone protective, caring, and so concerned to change the life of the others and make them happy in their life. My Mother has all these qualities and recognizes her as my hero. Otherwise, she grew up on the support of two great parents who had a good life where she grew up and become a teacher in her life. Almost every individual has had some achievements in their life, and there must be a factor behind those achievements, especially someone who had a significant impact on their life. My mother appears to be my hero, who had a substantial impact on my life.
She is currently 54 years old. She was a teacher by profession, and she did her best as a teacher, where she influenced the lives of many students positively; up to now, some still call her and pass their appreciation to her. She was blessed and gave birth to seven kids; the first three are daughters, then a boy and a girl, and then the last two are boys. All of them have been significantly raised, everyone has something to do for a living, my big brother is a doctor, and three of my sisters are teachers, (like Mother like daughters). Our last born is an engineer interior designer and all of us are married with happy family. All these were not for granted but because of the love of God and the efforts, commitment, and great concern of our beloved parents, especially our Mother.
Even though she did not make a complete journey in her teaching profession, but up to where she stopped, she did a lot. They have been in a relationship with my father for thirty-six years of marriage, and when they had their third kid, my dad suggested that she stop teaching and remain at home to take care of the children. Throughout my entire life, my Mother had been supportive of me, a center of inspiration, and she has always been telling me to have self-confidence and believe in myself that I can make it. In case I face a problem, and I have to make a concrete decision towards it, my Mother always had behind me because I seek for her consultation before I move on to the next step.
It feels so great knowing that there is someone who will support you despite the intensity of the problem you face. It relieves much of the stress that comes along with making decisions. My Mother is beautiful inside and out, but most importantly, she has the biggest heart. She's a hard-working person and can play both parent roles. Everyon.
httphpp.sagepub.comHealth Promotion Practice http.docxMARRY7
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Health Promotion Practice
http://hpp.sagepub.com/content/10/1/24
The online version of this article can be found at:
DOI: 10.1177/1524839906289048
2009 10: 24Health Promot Pract
Katz
Kari A. Hartwig, Richard Louis Dunville, Michael H. Kim, Becca Levy, Margot M. Zaharek, Valentine Y. Njike and David L.
Promoting Healthy People 2010 Through Small Grants
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Promoting Healthy People 2010
Through Small Grants
Kari A. Hartwig, DrPH
Richard Louis Dunville, MPH
Michael H. Kim, MPH
Becca Levy, PhD
Margot M. Zaharek, MS
Valentine Y. Njike, MD, MPH
David L. Katz, MD, MPH
objectives (U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services [DHHS], 2000a). Today’s Healthy People 2010
(HP 2010) goals and objectives build on the previous
two decades’ accomplishments and set national targets
for reducing disease and disability and promoting
healthier, longer lives (DHHS, 2000b). Led by the U.S.
DHHS, the overarching goals of the current initiative
are to increase quality and years of life and to eliminate
health disparities (Davis, 2000; DHHS, 2003). DHHS
(2001) encourages working through communities and
local organizations to influence individual behavior
and the promotion and maintenance of environments
conducive to healthier lifestyles.
>>BACKGROUND
Building on the health promotion premise that orga-
nizations and communities are instruments of change
(McLeroy, Bibeau, Steckler, & Glanz, 1988; Stokols,
1992), the DHHS Office of Disease Prevention and
Health Promotion (ODPHP) initiated a pilot study in
October 2001 to develop a national model for engaging
community organizations in health promotion and dis-
ease prevention activities that reflect the national HP
2010 goals and objectives. ODPHP awarded the Healthy
People 2010 Microgrant Project, one of two pilot stud-
ies, to Yale Univer ...
22Program Budgeting and Financial Analysis NameUniversit.docxvickeryr87
2
2
Program Budgeting and Financial Analysis
Name
University
Evidence Based Practice I: Assessment and Design
January 20, 2019
Program Budgeting and Financial Analysis
Every initiative requires financial resources, and that is why it is essential to prepare a budget for a program. A program project, at its core, is developed for a specific activity. It includes the revenue and the expenditure components for that particular project. Many organizations use program budgets for successful implementation of their initiatives. By listing all the sources of revenues and expenditures, it is possible to control all the financial activities in which a project takes part in (U.S. Small Business Administration, n.d.). Another important aspect in healthcare programs is financial analysis. Policymakers must perform financial analysis for effective allocation of resources and determination of economic benefits of a given initiative (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2008). This paper discusses the budgetary requirements and cost-effectiveness of a breast awareness campaign among African American women in Baltimore County Maryland.
Program Budget
A functional budgeting system, which deals with the inputs and outputs of a program or a project is adopted for this breast cancer awareness program among African American women in Baltimore County Maryland. According to Kettner, Moroney, and Martin (2017) functional budgeting systems usually focus on management and are mainly concerned with a program's efficiency and productivity. Because of its principal purpose, functional budgeting system is generally thought of as efficiency budgeting. The primary goal of this breast cancer awareness program is to increase awareness and enhance access to breast cancer screening as well as diagnosis among African American women. Like in any other budget, there are various sources of revenues and expenditure items for this program’s budget (see Table 1).
Table 1: Budget Line Items for Breast Cancer Awareness Program
Revenues
Amount
Total
Membership contribution
$
100,000
Special Events
$150,000
Government contracts and grants
$250,000
Program income
$300,000
Endowment income
$50,000
Other income
$50,000
Third party payments
$100,000
Total Revenue
$1,000,000
Expenditures
Development and distribution of educational materials
$100,000
Breast cancer educational workshops
$230,000
One-on-one breast cancer health education
$70,000
Salaries and wages
$200,000
Rent
$30,000
Utilities
$20,000
Equipment
$50,000
Supplies
$50,000
Transport
$150,000
Telephone
$50,000
Other (miscellaneous)
$50,000
$1,000,000
A budget comprises of two principal sections: the revenue part and the expenditure part (Hodges & Videto, 2011). The total budget required for six months, from the start up to the completion of this campaign, is 1 million United States dollars. The program incom.
Assignment 1 Initial Analysis for Program PlanningNeeds Ass.docxfelicitytaft14745
Assignment 1: Initial Analysis for Program Planning
Needs Assessment
“As a concept, need is not only difficult to define but, once defined, difficult to measure” (Kettner, Moroney, & Martin, 2017, p. 63). Likewise, it can be challenging to define and measure assets—yet it is equally important to do so during this phase of program planning. This week's Learning Resources provide foundational information and guidance for conducting needs assessments, which entails discerning needs that must be addressed in light of the assets that are present.
As you return to Assignment 1, the attention turns to conducting a needs assessment for the problem you have identified. What data collection strategies could be most useful? What issues would likely be encountered? How would you address them?
To prepare for this week's section of Assignment 1:
Continue (from the Discussion) to:
Identify a viable approach for conducting a needs assessment for your problem.
Identify method(s) of data collection.
Assess potential challenges and propose alternatives/solutions.
The full Assignment 1 is due by day 4 (Thursday 12/20/18) of this week. Instructions have been provided in previous weeks to help you prepare.
By Day 4
To complete:
Write a 3- to 5-page paper, in APA format with at least 7 scholarly references in which you address the following level 1 and 2 header:
Also include an introduction and a conclusion as per APA guidelines.
1)
Identification of a Problem and a Population
Identify a problem and a target population.
(Note: Your problem should be clearly developed and related to a health-promotion and disease-prevention issue of national significance. You should select a target population so that your program can be designed to create maximum yet realistic impact at the aggregate level.)
2)
Using a Theory or Model
Analyze a theory or model that is relevant to your selected problem. Explain why this is the most appropriate model for you to use with this problem.
3)
Literature Review
(provide at least 4 scholarly articles less than 5 years old) )
Assess the literature as it relates to your problem. Use evidence from the literature to support your response to the following question:
Why is it important to assist this population to resolve the selected problem?
4)
Needs Assessment
Describe an appropriate approach to conducting a needs assessment for your problem.
Identify method(s) of data collection.
Assess potential challenges and propose alternatives/solutions.
Required Readings
Hodges, B. C., & Videto, D. M. (2011).
Assessment and planning in health programs
(2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Chapter 1, “Assessment for Developing Programs and Interventions: The Big Picture”
Chapter 1
notes the importance of looking not just at needs but also the assets associated with the target population and env.
HCM 3305, Community Health 1 Course Learning Outcom.docxaryan532920
HCM 3305, Community Health 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
3. Recognize effective organization and promotion of health programming for community health on a
global scale.
3.1. Assess the steps for organizing a community health program.
3.2. Identify steps needed to effectively evaluate the community health program.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 15:
Systems Thinking and Leadership in Community and Public Health
Unit Lesson
In this unit, we will discuss systems thinking and community health programming.
Community organizing is a process that involves the engagement of individuals, groups, and organizations.
Program planning is not required in community organizing; however, it is often times used. Program planning
is a process where a health intervention is planned to meet the needs within a population. Antiviolence
campaigns and stress management courses are examples of program planning (McKenzie, Pinger, & Kotecki,
2012).
When deciding which community health interventions to create, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) uses Guide to Community Preventive Services (Community Guide). The Community Guide
is considered credible because it is based off the scientific systematic review process. The guide answers
many questions that are critical to community health on subjects such as
interventions that have worked/did not work,
populations in which the intervention worked/did not work,
cost of the intervention,
benefits/risks of the intervention, and
future research recommendations (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015).
Community health programs are intricate and are a key factor in disease prevention, improving health, and
increasing quality of life. Health status and behaviors are determined by personal, environmental, policy, and
organizational influences. Community health programming is targeted at reaching the goals of Healthy People
2010. Community health programs are generally held within healthcare settings; however, other settings are
becoming more popular. Programs are being held at schools, worksites, religious organizations, and within
communities (Healthy People 2020, 2015). There are instances where healthcare organizations are
collaborating with schools to offer health programs. For instance, nutrition and exercise programs are being
offered at an increased rate. Employers see the value of employee health. Therefore, many employers offer
incentives to employees who take part in employee wellness programs. It is not far fetched to hear about
employers checking cholesterol, blood pressure, quality of life, weight, BMI, and sometimes glucose. The
rationale is that healthy employees are less likely to call in sick with health-related conditions.
Community health professionals must identify their health issue, and then create specific and measurable
goals and objectives. ...
Running Head Colorectal Cancer Prevention Program-Evaluation Des.docxaryan532920
Running Head: Colorectal Cancer Prevention Program-Evaluation Design 9
Colorectal Cancer Prevention Program Evaluation Design
Kaplan University-PU630-Unit 7
September 20, 2016
Deserie Thomas
Dr. Amy Thompson
COLORECTAL CANCER PREVENTION PROGRAM EVALUATION DESIGN
Engaged Stakeholders What Stakeholders Want to Know
Public Health Department
Document the resources that have been leveraged to support colorectal cancer prevention program efforts.
Local Legislators
Identify the number of people receiving services and the extent to which interventions are yielding intended awareness, behavioral and/or health outcomes for participants.
Intervention participants
Determine the extent to which interventions are yielding intended awareness, behavioral and/or health outcomes for participants.
Community Clinic
Review the quality, contributions, and impact of the Colorectal Cancer Coalition.
Review the quality and implementation progress of the statewide Colorectal Cancer Coalition plan.
Determine to what extent interventions outlined in the Colorectal Cancer Coalition action plan are being executed and yielding intended results.
Local American Cancer Society Partner
Determine whether American Cancer Society products are being incorporated effectively into the efforts of the colorectal cancer prevention program.
Engaging Stakeholders
Health Department
Members of the evaluation advisory committee
Presenters/advocates who share findings with state and community partners
All phases of the evaluation process via regular evaluation advisory committee meetings
Legislators
External reviewers of evaluation plans and methods
Evaluation planning phase
Intervention Participants
Members of the evaluation advisory committee
Data sources (i.e., participants in evaluation interviews and surveys)
Two representatives to participate in all phases of the evaluation process via regular evaluation advisory committee
Community Clinic
External reviewers of evaluation plans and methods
Evaluation implementation phase
Evaluation planning phase
Local American Cancer Society Partner
Data analysts Presenters/advocates who share findings with state and community partners
Evaluation implementation phase Dissemination phase
Evaluation Stakeholder Group Composition
The composition of the evaluation stakeholders will fund and authorized the continuation or expansion of the Colorectal Cancer Prevention Program. The stakeholders are responsible for day to day implementation of the activities that are part of the program, and has a strong influence on the development of thoughtful evaluation questions that will generate evaluation findings that are useful, relevant, and credible (assuming the evaluation applies the appropriate design and data collection and analysis methods). Ideally, the evaluation stakeholders gro ...
1
Stakeholder Involvement In Evaluation Planning
Student Name
Institution Name
Course Number
Due Date
Faculty Name
Topic: Stakeholder Involvement In evaluation Planning
Stakeholders are the people that are at stake on the evaluation. They are individuals that have interest in or are impacted by evaluation and its results. I would consider involving stakeholders in health program planning. Stakeholders have the ability to provide ideas and aidin the creation of potential solutions (Ferreira,et al., 2020). In most cases stakeholders are from various backgrounds; they therefore look at issues from various perspectives.this allows opposing viewpoints to be expressed and also discussed. Engaging stakeholders from the planning stage, maximizes the chance of project success through the final execution. They may as well aid in preventing unforeseen problems (Michnej, & Zwolinski, 2018). They have a great influence on the community of animal lovers, thus it is imperative to have an advocate instead of an adversary.
I would consider facilitating stakeholder’s involvement through maintaining open communication. The stakeholders need to be updated on the organization’s core purpose. It is essential to be consistent in the messages, and use them to show employees how they fit in the plan as well as how their contributions have aided in shaping the decisions made (Smith, 2017). Individuals that know what is expected as well as how they contribute tend to be more engaged and committed in comparison to those that do not. It is essential to ensure that the stakeholders know where they fit in. engaging employees in the planning process aids in building ownership in the firm.
References
Ferreira, V., Barreira, A. P., Loures, L., Antunes, D., & Panagopoulos, T. (2020). Stakeholders’ engagement on nature-based solutions: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 12(2), 640.
Michnej, M., & Zwoliński, T. (2018). The role and responsibility of stakeholders in the planning process of the sustainable urban mobility in the city Krakow. Transport Economics and Logistics, 80, 159-167.
Smith, P. A. (2017). Stakeholder engagement framework. Information & Security, 38, 35-45.
TOPIC: Strategies and Ethics
As the director of the local public health department, you are preparing to conduct a town hall presentation. In it you will communicate the direction of the strategic plan. Your audience will include collaborative partners (invested stakeholders) such as academicians, health professionals, state health department staff, representatives from affected communities, and representatives from nongovernmental organizations.
Recall that your Stakeholder Involvement in Evaluation Planning discussion in Unit 5 reviewed the planning and evaluation cycle (Figure 11-1 in your textbook). In addition, in that discussion you explained where in the cycle and how you would seek stakeholder involvement in evaluation planning. The town hall presentation is on ...
National Institute of Health: Theory at a Glance, A Guide for Health Promotio...Zach Lukasiewicz
Introduction viii
Audience and Purpose 1
Contents 1
Part 1: Foundations of Theory in Health Promotion and Health Behavior 3
Why Is Theory Important to Health Promotion and Health Behavior Practice? 4
What Is Theory? 4
How Can Theory Help Plan Effective Programs? 4
Explanatory Theory and Change Theory 5
Fitting Theory to the Field of Practice 5
Using Theory to Address Health Issues in Diverse Populations 7
Part 2: Theories and Applications 9
The Ecological Perspective: A Multilevel, Interactive Approach 10
Theoretical Explanations of Three Levels of Influence 12
Individual or Intrapersonal Level 12
Health Belief Model 13
Stages of Change Model 15
Theory of Planned Behavior 16
Precaution Adoption Process Model 18
Interpersonal Level 19
Social Cognitive Theory 19
Community Level 22
Community Organization and Other Participatory Models 23
Diffusion of Innovations 27
Communication Theory 29
Media Effects 30
Agenda Setting 30
New Communication Technologies 31
Running head LOGIC MODELLOGIC MODEL 2Logic modelStu.docxwlynn1
Running head: LOGIC MODEL
LOGIC MODEL
2
Logic model
Student’s name
University affiliation
Date
References
Blue-Howells, J., McGuire, J., & Nakashima, J. (2008). Co-location of health care services for homeless veterans: a case study of innovation in program implementation. Social work in health care, 47(3), 219-231.
Output
Integrating patient care
Communication and collaboration between workers hence resulting to communities of practicing clinicians
Attracting new patients to GLA
Funding a two-year pilot grant
Effective process for psychiatric screening for homeless patients
Outcomes
Homeless project were integrated
The issues of homeless veterans were addressed due to institutional barriers
There was creation of coalition and linking the project to legitimate VA-wide goals
Good sustained program maintenance, process evaluation and encouraging development of communities.
Activities
Building a coalition of decision makers
Introduction of a new integrated program
Inputs
The decision to implement
Initial implementation
Sustained maintenance
Termination or transformation
Running head: PROGRAM EVALUATION 1
PROGRAM EVALUATION 2
Program Evaluation
Institutional Affiliation
Insert the student’s name
Instructor’s name
Course
Date
Introduction
Evaluation of the program is usually done to in order to determine the quality of the program, how effective the program is and how the program is performing. This can help to know if the program is making a significant difference among the targeted people. It can also assist to know if the program is functioning or not. This paper therefore seeks to evaluate the program which is assisting the homeless people within the community.
The two program evaluation questions are: what is the reach of the program? And what has been the impact of the program on the homeless people? The answers to these questions would elicit both qualitative and quantitative results. Therefore, the program evaluation will require both quantitative and qualitative data collection plan. This is because the use of mixed-method approach is convenient since the results and findings would be reliable (Creswell, 2017). After identifying the evaluation program questions, the next step will be to come up with plan of evaluating a program. The plan should consist of methods of collecting data, evidences, the person responsible and the duration.
Program Evaluation Question
Evidence
Methods and sources of collecting data
Person in charge
Duration
1. What is the reach of the program?
Number of building materials distributed
Records of the program
Robert
One month
2. What has been the impact of the program on the homeless people?
Number of people resettled
Number of people not yet re.
A retrospective review of the Honduras AIN-C program guided by a community he...HFG Project
Factors that influence performance of community health workers (CHWs) delivering health services are not well understood. A recent logic model proposed categories of support from both health sector and communities influence CHW performance and program outcomes. This logic model has been used to review a growth monitoring program delivered by CHWs in Honduras, known as Atención Integral a la Niñez en la Comunidad (AIN-C). A retrospective review of AIN-C was conducted through a document desk review and supplemented with in-depth interviews. Documents were systematically coded using the categories from the logic model, and gaps were addressed through interviews. Authors reviewed coded data for each category to analyze program details and outcomes as well as identify potential issues and gaps in the logic model.
Running head DIVERSITY AND MULTICULTURALISM IN HEALTH CARE .docxsusanschei
Running head: DIVERSITY AND MULTICULTURALISM IN HEALTH CARE 1
DIVERSITY AND MULTICULTURALISM IN HEALTH CARE
1
Diversity and Multiculturalism in Health Care
Kimberly Crawford
Kaplan University
November 28, 2016
Diversity and multicultural perspectives are vital in the health education and public health fields in that it allows people to recognize interdependence and focus their ideas with a group other than their own. Additionally, it utilizes the patient's culture and language as tools to advance the results for that individual. According to the American Academy of Family Physician (2014), diversity and multiculturalism create a health care setting that appreciates diversity people feel welcome, appreciated, and allow medical professionals and organization to instil multiracial viewpoints into their strategy, plan and execute quality focused health initiative to all members of the community.
In general, embracing cultural diversity and multiple perspectives before starting an intervention program is vital to the provision and improvement of the overall quality of care delivery. It is, therefore, important to consider multiple perspectives before starting an intervention because diversity in the target audience and the program participants has ramifications regarding the things measured, the data collected as well as how the data is collected. For instance, before the program, one needs to consider factors such as nationality, race, and culture because, in some situations, race has been associated with some specific genetic diseases such as sickle cell anemia, and some lactose intolerance, which can influence the intervention outcomes (Issel, 2004). According to Issel, factors like physical characteristics of the population and community may affect the decisions during the planning and later during program evaluation. Furthermore, it is important to consider multiple perspectives before the program because program participants may bring their culture to the program in ways that may influence the intervention and its effectiveness.
Goal 1 could be applied to a diverse population; however, the goals need to be modified to be culturally inclusive. Different cultures have different foods and therefore to ensure that the participating population adheres to the program, the plan should state precisely the foods to be taken during the intervention to ensure successful outcomes. The second goal involves preventing obesity among children through childcare and schools. This goal can be implemented within a multicultural population however in needs some modification to get the best results. Different families have various methods of nurturing their children, and different meals could have an effect on the health of the child. As a result, the program needs to begin by educating families on some of the best ways to nurture their children especially the foods they feed their babies at an early stage. The ...
Similar to Running head PROGRAM EVALUATION .docx (20)
Running head Multi-actor modelling system 1Multi-actor mod.docxglendar3
Running head: Multi-actor modelling system 1
Multi-actor modelling system3
Multi-actor modelling system
Yogesh Dagwale
University of the Cumberland’s
Ligtenberg, A., Wachowicz, M., Bregt, A. K., Beulens, A., & Kettenis, D. L. (2004). A design and application of a multi-agent system for simulation of multi-actor spatial planning. Journal of environmental management, 72(1-2), 43-55.
They talk about the potential and restrictions of the MAS to manufacture models that empower spatial organizers to incorporate the 'actor factor' in their examination. Their structure system contemplates actors who assume a functioning job in the spatial planning. They included actors who can watch and see a spatial domain. Using these perceptions and discernment they produce an inclination for a preferred spatial situation. Actors at that point present and discuss their inclinations amid their exchanges with different actors.
The inclinations of the actor fill in as inputs for an official choice making. Finally, ultimate conclusions are actualized in the spatial framework. They found that MAS can produce space utilization designs in light of a portrayal of a multi-actor planning process. It additionally can clear up the impacts of actors under the administration of various planning styles on the space utilization and prove how the relations between actors change amid a planning process and under different orders of coming up with decisions. Unlike the work by Parker, Manson, Janssen, Hoffman & Deadman,2003, cited below, this paper did not include the various challenges associated with the use of MAS.
Parker, D. C., Manson, S. M., Janssen, M. A., Hoffmann, M. J., & Deadman, P. (2003). Multi-agent systems for the simulation of land-use and land-cover change: a review. Annals of the association of American Geographers, 93(2), 314-337.
In this paper, they studied different models. These models, however, were not thorough enough and therefore they took into account the multi-actor system, dynamic spatial Simulation, which has two components, that is, a cellular model that speaks to biogeophysical and biological parts of a demonstrated framework and an actor-based model to speak to human conclusion making. Because of its nature and ability to model complex situations, they highlighted some of the areas that MAS can be applied where other models cannot be able to deliver. Such areas are modeling of emergent phenomena whereby MAS can model landscape plans, due to its flexibility, MAS can represent complex land use/ cover systems, and they can be used to model dynamic paths. They also outlined the various challenges to Multi-actor systems. Such challenges include an understanding of complexity, individual decision making, empirical parameterization and model validation, and communication.
Faber, N. R., & Jorna, R. J. (2011, June). The use of multi-actor systems for studying social sustainability: Theoretical backgrounds and pseudo-specifications. In Com.
Running head: MY MOTHER MY HERO 1
MY MOTHER MY HERO 4
My Mother My hero
Institution Affiliation
Students’ Name
Date of Submission
My Mother My hero
Once I think of a hero, there are specific qualities that surround my imagination, being courageous, hardworking, truthful, strong, resilient, and generous have been the qualities I taught about. I also think a hero is someone protective, caring, and so concerned to change the life of the others and make them happy in their life. My Mother has all these qualities and recognizes her as my hero. Otherwise, she grew up on the support of two great parents who had a good life where she grew up and become a teacher in her life. Almost every individual has had some achievements in their life, and there must be a factor behind those achievements, especially someone who had a significant impact on their life. My mother appears to be my hero, who had a substantial impact on my life.
She is currently 54 years old. She was a teacher by profession, and she did her best as a teacher, where she influenced the lives of many students positively; up to now, some still call her and pass their appreciation to her. She was blessed and gave birth to seven kids; the first three are daughters, then a boy and a girl, and then the last two are boys. All of them have been significantly raised, everyone has something to do for a living, my big brother is a doctor, and three of my sisters are teachers, (like Mother like daughters). Our last born is an engineer interior designer and all of us are married with happy family. All these were not for granted but because of the love of God and the efforts, commitment, and great concern of our beloved parents, especially our Mother.
Even though she did not make a complete journey in her teaching profession, but up to where she stopped, she did a lot. They have been in a relationship with my father for thirty-six years of marriage, and when they had their third kid, my dad suggested that she stop teaching and remain at home to take care of the children. Throughout my entire life, my Mother had been supportive of me, a center of inspiration, and she has always been telling me to have self-confidence and believe in myself that I can make it. In case I face a problem, and I have to make a concrete decision towards it, my Mother always had behind me because I seek for her consultation before I move on to the next step.
It feels so great knowing that there is someone who will support you despite the intensity of the problem you face. It relieves much of the stress that comes along with making decisions. My Mother is beautiful inside and out, but most importantly, she has the biggest heart. She's a hard-working person and can play both parent roles. Everyon.
Running head PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN1PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN.docxglendar3
Running head: PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN 1
PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN 10
Program Evaluation Plan
Name:
Tanisha Hannah
Institution:
Strayer University
Professor:
Dr. Jacob
Course:
Edu 571
Date:
March 2, 2020
Program Evaluation Plan (Part 3)
Goals of Evaluation
Evaluation refers to the act of checking various things thoroughly in order to characterize their worth or value, with reference to a certain context. In the field of education, the amount of success in a person’s aims can only be determined through evaluation. Therefore, there is a very close relationship between various aims and evaluation. The main goals of evaluation in schools are as discussed below. The first goal of evaluation in the field of education is to create an educational program ("Evaluation in Teaching and Learning Process | Education", 2020). Through evaluation, evaluators and the school management can build a given program of learning among the students. This is after gathering and checking various factors in order to find what program will fit and make a positive impact in the school. This involves consulting all the stakeholders of the program and developing strategies that will ensure the development of a good program.
The second goal of evaluation is assessing the effectiveness of the program. Evaluation ensures that the developed program is up to standards and serves the purpose that it was intended to. It helps the evaluators to check if the teaching strategies and techniques are being applied properly. The third goal of evaluation is to ensure improvement of the program. Through evaluation, evaluators can gauge the impact of the program on the school and learners. They can also identify various things that can make the program more effective. It acts as an in-built monitor in the program in order to review the progress of the program from time to time. It also gives feedback regarding the design and the implementation of a given program. Through such assessments, the school management can know where to work on, and what they need in order to enhance effective programs in teaching and learning.
For instance, in our case, evaluators can comfortably tell whether or not the program is helping girls become more superior in math. If not they can suggest better or other strategies that will make positive impact.
Cultural Issues Affecting the Program
Culture can influence how different people view things. An individual’s culture and upbringing can affect their way of processing information. Among the cultural issues that might be faced in the evaluation plan include cultural stereotypes. Some students believe that they cannot perform as expected in school or in a particular subject due to lack of preparation from their home environment. This makes them believe they do not have enough potential to do well in a given subject when they get to school. For instance, some students may not have calculat.
Running head Project 21Project 22Projec.docxglendar3
Running head: Project 2 1
Project 2 2
Project 2: Historical Context and Introduction
Your Name
Southern New Hampshire University
Research Plan
Research Question: [Revised research question from Topic Exploration Worksheet.]
Introduction
[Three- to five-sentence discussion of background information about your historical event to capture the interest of your audience.] [Two- to three-sentence thesis statement based on your research question that addresses your historical event and explains how your event has been influenced by historical context.] [Two- to three-sentence explanation of how you will use the primary and secondary sources you listed in the Research Plan in your hypothetical research paper.]
Historical Context: [Three- to five-sentence explanation of your event’s historical context, citing sources one and two.]
Impact of Historical Context: [Three- to five-sentence discussion of how historical context impacted your event, citing sources one and two.]
Resources
HIS 100 Project 2: Historical Context and Introduction Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
“If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.”
—Pearl Buck
Your second project in this course is to complete a historical context and introduction project. The work you did on the Topic Exploration Worksheet in Theme 1
will directly support your work on this project as well as your third longer term project—the multimedia presentation—due in Theme 4.
One of the prime benefits of studying history is that it allows us to learn about who we are and where we came from. The people and events of the past can
often shed light on the conditions and social norms of the present. Having historical awareness can inform various aspects of your life as well as future
aspirations. Learning from past failures and successes can shape ideals and values for years to come.
This is your second longer-term project designed to help you understand the fundamental processes and value of studying history. In the first project, you
completed the Topic Exploration Worksheet on one of the topics or themes from the library guide. You investigated the types of research you might need to do
to learn more about the topic and developed research questions. In Project 2, you will use your completed Topic Exploration Worksheet to explore the
historical context and develop an introduction. You will choose one of your research questions and do some secondary source research, speculate on primary
source needs, and use the information to write the introduction and thesis statement for a possible research paper. (You will not write the entire paper—
only the introduction.) In the third project, you will create a multimedia presentation that explores both major developments in historical inquiry and the value
of examining history.
This research plan and introduction assignment will assess the following course outcome, which you focused on throughou.
Running head: MILESTONE ONE 2
2
Milestone One Final Project
John Doe
Southern New Hampshire University
I. Executive Summary
In this section, you should accurately highlight the essential elements of the intelligence report for quick reference by the agency receiving the report. You should include the name of referring agent (your name), the name of the agency that you are imagining you work for, the current date, dates of the activities being covered in the intelligence report, and a brief summary (two to three sentences) on the adversary, scope, and nature of the potential threat. Although this is the opening section of the report, you may wish to complete it last in order to accurately capture the analysis of the body of your report. (This section is the summary so be sure this section is brief. Additional relevant details should be written in their respective sections of the report.)
II. Adversary, Motivation, and Jurisdiction
Summary
Accurately summarize the intelligence collected from the SARs to date, focusing on the “who, what, when, where, why, and how” of the threat situation. Information should be annotated with dates and times from relevant SARs, and information from each date should be provided in a separate paragraph, from inception to most recent. Your summary should focus on connecting the dots, with as much detail as needed to present all the relevant intelligence. It should highlight information that would be of particular relevance for the law enforcement agency doing follow-up in understanding the potential threat. (If it makes it easier, you can format your first section as follows:
A. Who
B. What
C. When
D. Where
E. Why
F. How
Adversary
Determine who the adversary is for this potential threat. It may be an individual or a group. You should identify the names of suspects (if known) and also the type of adversary. For example, is the adversary an international terrorist group, a domestic terrorist group, an organized crime, a local or international gang, drug traffickers, an extremist or militia group, a hacker, or a white-collar criminal? Support your answer using relevant information from the SARs.
Range
Analyze the range of the adversary’s operations. Are their activities focused within one city or state or across multiple states? Support your answer with relevant information from the SARs.
Motivation
Analyze what is known about the adversary’s motivation and how that might affect their choice of target (individual or location). Might it affect whether they choose one target or many, the type of target they select, or the location of the attack? Support your answer with relevant information from the SARs.
Jurisdiction
Based on your analyses in Parts A–C above, determine which agency has jurisdiction in following up on the potential threat. For example, should local or state law enforcement follow up? Should federa.
Running Head PROJECT 31DISCUSSION5Project 3.docxglendar3
Running Head: PROJECT 3 1
DISCUSSION 5
Project 3
Problem statement:
The specific problem to be addressed is how McDonald's is going to deal with a decrease in demand in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic. The general problem to be addressed is how fast-food chains and food outlets are changing their operations during the pandemic of Corona Virus in the world, especially in the United States (Daniel, 2016).
You must always list your general problem statement first. Provide context for that statement. Then present your specific problem statement and provide context for that statement. Per the assignment instructions you should list your research questions following your problem statements.
The method selected for research:
To conduct research on the above-stated problem stated, the right methodThe research method that will be adopted in conducting the proposed research will be the mixed method approach a combination approach withwhich includes both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. A quantitative approach will help understand the insights into what is triggering a certain behavior in participants. While on the other hand, quantitative study is important to figure out the proportion of customers who is are not availing their previous interest in fast food and epically McDonald's (Apuke, 2017). But dueDue to the lockdown and social distancing, going in the market and conducting research is out of option. The suitable technique is to develop a flexible approach where both primary and secondary sources are sued. For secondary resources, the reports by McDonald's' Company and other institutions regarding the change in the food industry will be a suitable option. For primary data collection, developing an online survey is the safest option. For the qualitative study, online interviews can be scheduled. Both structured and unstructured interviews can be planned. Similarly, panel discussion over video calls is also a safe option. Through a mixed approach data for both quantitative and qualitative questions can be gathered (Yoshikawa & Kalil, 2008). Comment by Terrance Woods: What does this mean? Poor word choice. Consider rephrasing Comment by Terrance Woods: Word choice
Per the assignment instructions you were required to “include the justification as to why other methods would not be appropriate”. You failed to do that here.
Research question
Qualitative Research Question:
1. How the fast-food business of McDonald's in the United States is getting affected by the pandemic of COVID-19? Comment by Terrance Woods: I provided you with feedback in your Project 2 submission regarding this research question. My exact feedback was - This questions is not well-articulated. Reword for clarity. You failed to address the feedback received and merely presented the same question in this submission.
Quantitative research question:
2. How many Americans have stopped buying McDonald's because of coronavirus threat in the United States? Comment by.
Running head: PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT 3
Problem statement
Name:
Institution:
Date:
There is a critical need for a good instructional design because it is a multipurpose learning tools that not only serves instructional designers but also learners of all ages. According to Clark (2016), e-learning courses need to be integrated with instructional methods which align with high-quality research.” The implication is that the process of designing instructional designs should involve careful planning, preparing and researching in order to achieve high quality learning outcomes. In this regard, those responsible for designing must identify their strategic purpose as it predetermines the goals, objectives, expected outcomes, and resource allocation of the entire instruction model.
The main approach involves studying the critical elements in the design phases of an instructional model which enhances the learning experience of learners based on evidence-based literature. This is because humans apply appropriate cognitive processes to learn and thus instruction must adopt similar cognitive processing (Clark, 2016).The main purpose is therefore to emphasize the importance of good instructional design in enhancing the quality of education among instructors and learners. The objective involves highlighting the goals of an instructional program, the instructional objectives, relevant instructional materials and design assessment which rationalize the need for a good instructional design with the goal of engaging both learners and instructors. After all, learning is a process that requires the active participation of the learners (Reigeluth, 1987). This research study seeks to identify answers to two questions: a) What are the critical elements that build up a strong foundation for a good instructional design and b) what value do these elements offer to the learners and instructor who are the main consumers of learning instructional designs.
References
Clark, R.C. (2016). E-learning and the science of instruction: proven guideline for consumers and designers of multimedia. Walden University Library.
Regeiluth, C.M. (1987). Instructional Theories in Action: Lessons Illustrating Selected Theories and Models. Walden University Library.
Running head: PROBLEM STATEMENT 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT 6
Need working title
Problem statement
Tangela Jones
Walden University
11/10/18
Need section heading
There is a critical need for a good instructional design because it is a multipurpose learning tools that not only serves instructional designers but also learners of.
Running head MUSIC AND GENDER WOMEN PORTRAYAL IN RAP 1.docxglendar3
Running head: MUSIC AND GENDER: WOMEN PORTRAYAL IN RAP 1
MUSIC AND GENDER: WOMEN PORTRAYAL IN RAP 15
Music and Gender: Women Portrayal in Rap Music
Student’s Name:
Course:
Music and Gender: Women Portrayal in Rap Music
The introduction of rap music in the 1980s was welcomed with a lot positivity. However, this genre of music has on many occasions been considered as being controversial. Rap music has been accused of advancing messages and themes that deal with sexism, violence, gender stereotyping and materialism. Previous studies on rap music have indicated the content found in rap music promotes negative behavior. Moreover, research has shown that rap music videos generally differ in their portrayals of men and women in music videos. Males are often cast in positive light compared to females who are depicted in positions that portray them as a submissive gender to males.
The scope of this research narrows down on rap music produced from the years 2016 to 2018.The songs selected for this research are songs with lyrics that have misogynistic themes on women. Rap songs are observed in normalizing, objectifying, glorifying, victimizing and even exploiting women. Moreover, the rap songs are observed in defaming women through using innuendos and stereotypical language which portray misogynistic and sexist perspectives. The main area of focus for this paper is on the kind of nouns that are used in rap music to refer to the concept of woman and ways in which these nouns depict women. It is critical for this project to investigate the lyrics and its representations, as rap music has in the past years been under criticism for increasingly presenting a negative and controversial image of women in the society. A theological perspective on these issues is undertaken at understanding and criticizing the misogynistic and sexist culture of rap music generally.
Men in rap music have a higher probability of perpetuating violence on women. A review done on the common rap images found out that women were more likely to be dressed in images which portrayed them in provocative ways, especially in videos that had sexual content. Research has suggested that the perpetuation of gender in the media is a theme which has been occurring for eons of time[footnoteRef:1]. Specifically, music and gender and the portrayal of women in rap music has not been extensively studied previously. It is essential to consider the differences of gender in rap music and the portrayal of women in this genre of music. [1: Ronald Weitzer and Charis E Kubrin, “Articles Misogyny in Rap Music A Content Analysis of Prevalence and Meanings,” accessed October 23, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X08327696.]
Although scholars have attempted examining the interactions between rap music and religion, there has been a gap in regard to how artists frame religious messages within their lyrics. However, this lack of sufficient research does not reflect on the continued .
Running head Museum Focus1Museum Focus.docxglendar3
Running head: Museum Focus
1
Museum Focus
4
Museum Focus
Linda Dotson
Walden University
Interdisciplinary Experience: Sustaining Quality of Life in the City
Professor Paige Parker
September 15, 2018
Question 1
Brief introduction of Ohio City
Ohio is a great city named after the Ohio River in the 18th century. The area was disputed by the France and Great Britain. After the dispute, it established its own territories. This territory included the land where west of Pennsylvania in United States and the northwest of the Ohio River. The area covered more than 260,000 square miles (Turner, & Bogue 2010).
The History of Ohio City that has led to construction of Museums.
The area remained as a hunting ground by the Iroquois after the dispute. Later, some American groups began to migrate to the area. Later there was a seven years war between the Europeans, British and France. They all wanted to colonize the area. Unfortunately, the British worn and after the win, they ordered French settlers to leave the area. It is evident that the war brought about the breakdown of ethnicities.
How museum focus has been of great importance to the citizens of the city
The area is known for its landscape, mountains, rivers and minerals. This makes Ohio City to be a great city suitable for great museums. It is evident that, Ohio City creates the best environment for a museum with the theme of History and Natural History to be built. For instance, Miami River is known to be a great river. Many people admire visiting the area just to see the river. This creates the best conditions to build a museum. People within the city can also visit the museum and get to enjoy the benefits of the museums.
How people from outside the city benefit from the construction of the museums.
People outside Ohio City can also visit the museums. These museums will offer the history of the river to its visitors. They will also address an increasing array of issues in the dynamic environment (Edson, 2017).
Question 2
Permanent Exhibition.
Modern museum are designed to have a permanent exhibit, in this case the museum must have enough collections and classification of a field of knowledge for research and for display purposes. This will enlighten the visits about the history of Ohio City. The history stored in this museum will also be of great use to students as they will learn a lot in these museums,
References
Edson, G. (2017). Museum management. In Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences(pp. 3185-3198). CRC Press.
Turner, F. J., & Bogue, A. G. (2010). The frontier in American history. Courier Corporation.
If you can do it send confirmation at [email protected]
If you can do it send confirmation at [email protected]
Assessment Details and Submission Guidelines
Trimester
T2 2018
Unit Code
MN603
Unit Title
Wireless Networks and Security
Assessment
Individual
Type
Assessment
Design and implementation of secure enterprise wireless network
Tit.
Running head: MODULE 3 - SLP 1
MODULE 3 – SLP 2
Module 3 – SLP
Elizabeth Davis
Trident International University
Dr. Sharlene Gozalians
13 May 2019
Module 3 – SLP
In a bid to control the prevalence of diabetes among the African Americans, it is important to examine a number of attributes of culture that can empower a person towards changing a behavior. The factors may be positive, existential, and negative. Existential factors may be not harmful but need to be acknowledged. The importance of a family cannot be ignored especially because of the support they provide to diabetic patients. Family is therefore a positive cultural value which will assist in managing diabetes disease. This paper therefore seeks to address how each of the PEN-3 model’s three factors within the dimension of cultural empowerment applies to the African American group.
It is important to explore by identifying several cultural beliefs and practices that are positive, existential and negative. Positive factors are likely to lead to an improvement by reducing the prevalence of diabetes among the African Americans. Existential factors are existing cultural values and beliefs that may have no harmful health consequences. Cultural practices that may act as barriers in controlling the prevalence of diabetes among the African Americans are the negative factors. Example of these negative practices includes poor nutrition leading to obesity.
Positive Factors
The positive factors which will influence management and control of diabetes among the African Americans include spirituality and family. For example, talking about a family affair with diabetes will make a great impact in controlling diabetes among the African Americans. This is because it will create awareness of how to handle and deal with diabetes. Spirituality will have a positive impact in controlling the prevalence of diabetes among the African Americans. African Americans who have spiritual faith are likely to engage in activities which will reduce the prevalence of the disease.
Existential Factors
Existential factors include faith healing. A belief in faith healing is a factor which is likely to reduction in prevalence of diabetes among the African Americans. Individuals who are religious are likely to visit religious leaders to seek healing and intervention. Many individuals confess that they got healed after being prayed for by the Pastors and other religious leaders. This is attributed to believing in faith healing.
Negative Factors
Consumption of “comfort foods” is common in the diet of the African Americans. These foods contain high fat, sugar, and calorie contents. Example of negative cultural factors includes unhealthy traditional foods. Poor nutrition among the African Americans is more l.
Running Head PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN1PROGRAM EVALUATION.docxglendar3
Running Head: PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN 1
PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN 2
PROGRAM EVALUATION PLAN
Name:
Tanisha Hannah
Institution:
Strayer University
Class:
EDU 571 Evaluating School Programs
Professor:
Antony Jacob
Date of Submission:
February 19, 2020
Program evaluation plan (part 2)
In order to ensure that the “gender equity for girls in math” education program which applies to master’s level students is efficient in fulfilling the outlaid goals, the goal based approach of evaluation should be applied in evaluating the effectiveness of the program. The major objective of this education program is to empower the girl child and to ensure that there are increase female students taking courses in mathematics at higher education levels (Markovits & Forgasz, 2017). In this case therefore, the evaluators has to establish if the establishment of this program will promote the positivity and capability of girls to take courses in Mathematics and to increasingly love the subject even in the lower classes so as to portray an increased number in the number of girls pursing this course in the masters level.
The goal based approach of evaluation will help the school evaluator to be able to determine how they can ensure that all the institutions are able to empower the girl child and encourage them to increasingly perfect their skills in mathematics in order to see a reflection of changes in the higher education levels (Sarouphim & Chartouny, 2017). This evaluation technique will help the education program creators to determine if the program is efficient in attaining the set objects through checking the outcomes of the implementation of the program over certain period of time.
The gender equality for girls in Math is a program that is anticipated to help the girl children be able to resolve their issues that result from fear and insecurities which cause them to undermine their power and be left behind by the boy child in regard to prosperity in Mathematics (Ganley.et.al, 2018). Therefore, the evaluators will have a role of determining the broader impacts of this approach as well as investigate what greater good is served as a result of this program. This will include identify the consequences that the program will have on other courses which most female students major in and how the male students will be affected by the program. The goals based evaluation method will help establish the objectives which can be added in the program to make it have optimal results to both girls and boys as well as ensure that other courses that are male dominated portray gender equality (Stoehr.et.al, 2017).
The major areas where the evaluators will assess include; the goals of the program, the outcomes of the program as well as the consequences. The main questions concerning these areas will be; what are the objectives of the program? How will the program be able to meet these goals? How do the goals of the program align with the activities involved.
Running Head MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROMEMunchausen SyndromeKr.docxglendar3
Running Head: MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME
Munchausen Syndrome
Krystina Joseph
Columbia College
Munchausen Syndrome Article Review
Introduction
The Munchausen Syndrome Article explains about the Munchausen Syndrome, which is a rare fictitious disorder which involves the frequent hospitalization together with an intentional display of signs of sickness and pathological lying. In this regards, the management needs the security history taking with collaboration with the sound clinical processes which entails organicity exclusion in addressing the psychological problems. It is worth noting that a case which is presented having unusual symptoms of same dimensions are as well discussed. The case in this regards brings the finer nuances in the assessment of the entity (Prakash., et al 2014).
Research Question
Based on the abstract of the article, it can be denoted that the research question of the article is the need to understand more on the Munchausen Syndrome as well as the symptoms and therefore the need to ensure that such issues are solved by having a sound clinical process to handle the problem. The problem for the case as well was to find out what caused the 19-year-old housewife to vomit pink substance.
Findings
The findings depict that the 19-year-old housewife was suffering from a factitious disorder, also termed as the Munchausen syndrome. The psychometry performed also showed that there is an elevation of scales of anxiety together with hysteria. Consequently, being managed in an empathetic as well as non-confrontational manner, the psychotherapy was intended to improve the positive coping abilities while at the same time improving the interpersonal relationships which had been imparted (Prakash., et al 2014).
Research Methods Used
The methods used involved observations and clinical assessments. Observations were done by checking regularly the presence of the bloodstained vomits as well as the asthenia and any forms of skin allergy. This was carried out to ensure that the patient had no issues. The observations, as well as little conversation, showed that there were no cases of psychiatric illnesses for the patient in the past. Further, the assessment entails involves the systematic examinations which were performed within the normal limit. The psychiatric evaluation was performed together with ward observations which were intended at revealing the comfortability of the patient while in the hospital (Prakash., et al 2014).
The credibility of the Source of Information
To know the credibility of sources, the authors are scrutinized where their qualifications and their areas of experience assessed to understand whether the information provided is related to the topic at hand. For this article, it can be denoted that all the information provided is credible. This is because all the four authors who contributed to the article have sufficient skills and knowledge pertaining to health-related disorders, and thus, their pieces of information.
Running head PROGRAM EVALUATION 6PROGRAM EVALUATIONPr.docxglendar3
Running head: PROGRAM EVALUATION
6
PROGRAM EVALUATION
Program Evaluation
Insert Your First & Last Name
Capella University
COUN 5280 – Introduction to School Counseling
Professor: Dr. Erin Berry
Month, Year
Setting up the format for an APA style paper
· Begin by setting your cursor at the first, beginning space of the first page of your paper and creating all of your margins at 1”. You do this by going to File>Page Set Up>Margin Tab and set at 1 inch for all 4 sides, Top, Bottom, Right, and Left.
· To set spacing to true Double: First, highlight the entire document text, or choose Select All. Then go to Format>Paragraph>Indents and Spacing Tab and in the box that says Line Spacing: select Double from the pull down menu. Make sure the ‘before’ and ‘after’ boxes are set at 0 pt, and not at Auto. Double Spacethroughout the document and see rules in APA Publication Manual, 6th Edition. APA is about saving space… no gaps or quadruple spacing, so the document is consistent and easy to read.
· The font is Times New Roman, 12 pt. Use the same size and typeface throughout, including the paging and Running heads.
(REMOVE THIS INSTRUCTION PAGE WHEN SUBMITTING PAPER)
Start your introduction here. APA 6th edition does not use a heading title for the introduction because its position in the paper identifies it as the introduction. Open your paper with a nice foreword to introduce your response to the unit 7 discussion. You also want to set the reader up about the four general topic areas you will present . At this point, you may respond to the assignment in an outline fashion or take a narrative approach. An example of an outline form is provided. Please review the rubric carefully! There is still an expectation to support your ideas with the literature.
I. School specific needs
In this section you will examine your understanding of identified gaps or specific needs for Model Middle School.
· Included in this section should be an analysis that addresses academic career, personal-social and developmental needs. A strong analysis is demonstrated when the ideas presented in this section are supported by specific examples and scholarly literature.
· A strong program analysis takes into consideration the ways in which student development is fostered through stakeholder collaboration (e.g., school, family and community). Additionally, the measures used to demonstrate accountability are reviewed. Be sure these two ideas clearly addressed in your outline.
II. Program outline
Strong action plans demonstrate critical thinking through the discussion of reasonable assumptions, drawing inferences or making predictions while exploring the potential risks and benefits of the plan. Make sure specific examples are provided! For example, the plan may include group counseling for an academic issues because intervention is supported in the literature.
· In this section, you will describe the specific program of services you plan to provide to .
Running head PROGRAM DESIGN 1PROGRAM DESIGN 2.docxglendar3
Running head: PROGRAM DESIGN 1
PROGRAM DESIGN 2
Program Design to Promote Social Goals in American K12 Schools
January 15th,2018
Program Design to Promote Social Goals in American K12 Schools
Explanation of Each Initiative
The three main initiatives of promoting social goals in school will include: promoting moral and character education, improving children’s health and nutrition, and creating school communities through extracurricular activities, after school programs, and school spirits (Rissanen et al. 2018). Comment by Evelyn Young: The 3 initiatives are clearly stated. Although did Rissanen et al. propose these 3 initiatives to promote social goals in schools? If these are your arguments, take credit for them. No need to give credit to Rissanen et al. for formulating the thesis for your paper.
I think that your paper could have used an introduction followed by the thesis statement.
Explanation of Each Initiative
Moral education is meant to promote good conduct among school-going children, not just within their immediate social relationships, but also in their dealings with their fellow citizens. This initiative is premised on the need for students to possess clear ideals and judgments on what action are right and what are wrong, including the determination of students’ conduct through a constant reference to those ideals. Moral education will be offered as a social goal to enlighten students on a system of rules and norms that regulate the social interactions of people on concepts of welfare, such as harm, trust, justice, and rights. For some students, issues related to values, personal feelings, and societal norms are constructs for discussions and are as such viewed as being influenced by the manner in which morality taught or experienced in schools, churches, and social institution settings. Moral education will be meant to reduce criminal and deviant behaviors among students. Moral character is required in schools because many parents do not teach their children morality issues.
The health and nutrition initiative is meant to improve the physical and mental well being of students. This initiative has the potential to improve the quality of students’ urban life, strengthen the ability of poor children to excel in their studies, and to compensate them for the substandard home and school environments spawned by competitive, inequitable social order. Health and nutritional initiatives will be strengthened through planning and introducing curriculum on nutrition with educational activities. These will include physical activities, which are combined with the farm to school programs that motivate students to consume healthy diets. Indeed, the hybrid school-based nutritional programs have major influence on attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors associated with fruits and vegetable consumption diffused throughout a bigger urban community (Dudley Cotton & Peralta, 2015). This hybrid intervention includes combining district stra.
Running head PROFICIENCY LEVEL ANALYSIS1PROFICIENCY LEVEL AN.docxglendar3
Running head: PROFICIENCY LEVEL ANALYSIS 1
PROFICIENCY LEVEL ANALYSIS 4
Proficiency Level Analysis
ESL-433
6/16/19
Proficiency Level Analysis
Grouping Strategy for Ms. Jensen
The arrangement of the student in the class should be based on their proficiency level while factoring the different capabilities of each student. The teacher should ensure that the both fast learners and slow learners are catered in terms of understanding how to handle their comprehension capabilities. The class has three categories of student, basic, intermediate and proficient.
Cooperative Learning
Cooperative grouping is based on the differences among the children in terms of their learning abilities. Li & Lam (2013) states that cooperative grouping is best suited for situations where students have learning abilities which are differing. The grouping technique is implemented following the analysis of the heterogeneous factors such that students should be grouped depending gender, economic background, culture, race and ethnicities. The ranking of students should follow the descending order starting with the highest to the lowest. To make a ranking legend, the teacher should use L for low achiever, M for medium achievers and H for highest achievers. The grouping should include at least one student from each category for the purposes of achieving diversity. The grouping system should however be done without involving the students as such could encourage discrimination. The issues of gender should be defined effectively to avoid the majority of gender in any of the group.
Rationale for Placement
The strategy is important and useful for the given case because students have different abilities and proficiency. The grouping strategy also promotes involvement of all students since the group is designed in manner which facilitates individual contribution. Tsay & Brady (2012) states that the cooperative grouping is important since it allows for the development of critical thinking skills and communication skills.
Conclusion
Ms. Jensen’s class has students with different abilities and varying English proficiency. Cooperative grouping is effective for 7th grade children since it allow them to exchange information amongst themselves while encouraging collaborative learning. Students are more likely to improve their self-esteem and moralization to study English tasks since group composition allows individual contribution and peer discussions.
References
Li, M. P., & Lam, B. H. (2013). Cooperative learning. 2015-01-20]. http://www. ied. edu. hk/aclass/l'heories/cooperative learning course writing_LBH% 2024June, pdf.
Tsay, M., & Brady, M. (2012). A case study of cooperative learning and communication pedagogy: Does working in teams make a difference?. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 10(2), 78-89.
Ms. Jensen's 7th Grade Class AZELLA Scores
Student Name
Reading Label
Writing Label
Listening Label
Speaking Label
Aryanna
P.
Running head PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM1PROFESSIONA.docxglendar3
Running head: PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM 1
PROFESSIONAL CAPSTONE AND PRACTICUM 5
Falls and Related Injuries
Nanah Kamara Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Please see my comments in your previous assignment about how to format your title page.
GCU
Falls and Related Injuries
Nurses, being the initial contacts for patients in any most health facilities and the fact they interact or engage with patients more when compared to other providers of care constitute a critical component of the healthcare system. Consequently, nurses play a much huge role in making sure that the healthcare system provides not only safe care but also and care of high standard or quality (Sato, Hase, Osaka, Sairyo & Katoh, 2018). However one of the major healthcare or nursing issue over the years is the fall and associated injuries which have proved not only difficult for healthcare providers and facility to manage. The purpose of this essay is to… Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed
For instance, and according to DuPree, Fritz-Campiz & Musheno, (2014), Unintentional falls constitute the highest cause of non-fatal injuries among people over 65 years in the US. Moreover, one in every three individuals above 65 years falls at least one time in a given year. In addition, injuries from falls cause the highest number of accidental deaths among people 65-year-old and above (Tricco, Thomas, Veroniki, Hamid, Cogo, Strifler & Riva, 2017). Such statistics coupled with the extent of the costs associated with fall call for proper intervention to reduce falls and their associated injuries. For instance, the government spends billions of dollars on fall and their associated injuries on treating falls. The prevention of fall would provide increased funds for investment in other social programs aimed at improving both healthcare and addressing social or communal problems (Zakrajsek, Schuster, Wells, Williams & Silverchanz, 2018).
In addition, falls and their related injuries are responsible for almost 15% of the recorded hospitalization. This increases the burden of healthcare providers especially given the numerous stressors like staff shortage, huge workloads, leadership problems and personal factors among others. An increase in falls and associated injury, therefore, is detrimental to the provision of quality care as captured under the healthy 2020 program goal of reducing deaths that result from falls. Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed Comment by Nelson, Emily Jeanette: Reference needed
Despite this, falls are very complex and difficult to manage or prevent. Given the implications that falls bear on the patients, the healthcare providers and the healthcare system as a whole (Joseph, Henriksen & Malone, 2018), there has been increased There has been an increased research focus towards fall prevention and reduction strategies. As a result, there exist a significant amount of literature regarding the reduction and prevention of falls..
Running head PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL PROGRAM .docxglendar3
Running head: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL PROGRAM 1
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL PROGRAM 3
Professional Development Proposal Program
BUS520
Strayer University
November 9, 2018
Executive Summary
Professional Development Proposal Program
The need for organizational efficiency is driving the need for understanding the competency of individuals that generate effectiveness. The emotional intelligence capabilities help explain considerable as well as significant variances in accepting and predicting performance in capability studies. Emotional intelligence is the ability to monitor personal feelings and emotions visa vie other people’s feelings and emotions and use the information to guide personal thinking and actions. Management can rely on employees’ emotional building blocks to not only enhance their performance, but also their job satisfaction levels. The most important emotional intelligence building blocks that enhance employee performance and job satisfaction are social skills, self-awareness, self regulation, self motivation and empathy. Managers will use emotional intelligence to identify the positive and negative reinforcement of motivation to enhance employee morale within the organization. Positive reinforcement motivation tools are the rewards given to employees for exemplary performance while negative reinforcement is the penalty or punishment for poor performance.
Leaders can use the concept of emotional intelligence to enhance their social skills and decision-making skills in management. Emotional intelligence plays a critical role in helping persons requiring social skills to help them deal with social situations. Given that building strong relationship is one aspect of effective leadership, there is need for organizational leaders to build capacity in social skills for better organizational performance. Leaders can also utilize the concept of emotional intelligence to enhance their decision-making skills. Emotionally intelligent decision makers rely on self-awareness and self-management to determine their appropriate duties in decision making process. Decision makers use these skills to determine whether they have the necessary orientation to a problem.
Emotionally intelligent leaders strive for the establishment of effective teams to help realize organizational and team goals. Effective teams have clear purpose and goals, engage in consensus decision making, shared leadership and embrace open communication. To develop effective teams, departmental managers must define the team’s purpose and goals, define the roles for each group member and quickly identify and resolve conflicts. Finally, there is need to develop both extrinsic and intrinsic reward systems for employee motivation and improved performance.
Professional Development Proposal Program
Introduction
The need for organizatio.
Running Head Process Recording TemplateProcess Recording Temp.docxglendar3
Running Head: Process Recording Template
Process Recording Template
Process Recording Template
Student Name: Shaneka Ratchford Date of Contact: 6th Dec 2018
Session number or Contact number: Location of the client interview: Mrs. Michelle Rowell’s house
Verbatim dialogue
Assessment of client
Student impression/ feeling / thoughts/ reactions
Identify skills /theory/ conceptual framework
Social work intern:
Hello Madam, I am pleased to meet you
I am a little bit nervous since I have not gained so much confidence in the field study, but I want to deliver good results I start with the greetings to start the conversation in and make my client feel at ease.
Invites her in the conversation
Client:
Hello, am also pleased to meet you. Call me Mrs. Rowell.
She greeted me in a friendly way and seemed to be at ease
Social work intern:
As we had agreed, I have come in your house for a pre-assessment and see your readiness. Are you ready for this?
I look at the client, she is not looking at me, I take a deep breath to ease my nervousness
I used closed-ended method requiring a yes or no answer to start the dialogue
Client:
Yes, I am ready
She is confident and seems very ready and nodded in acceptance
Social work intern:
It must be very difficult accepting that you cannot bear children biologically? You must have thought about adopting a child for a long time?
I feel confident now that my client looks like I could now see she has full confidence with me
I deploy open-ended tactic to kick-start the conversation
Client:
It has been a tough time for me, this is one of the reasons I ended up being divorced by my husband of many years
Her face changes and she looks very thoughtful
Social work intern:
I am sorry for this ma’am, everything will be fine
I feel sorry for her
I deploy empathy to make her feel more
Client:
Thank you for your concern
Her face brightens again
Social work intern:
You believe that you can be able to take care of the child alone bearing in mind you seem to ambivalent about a child below the age of ten? Please tell me more about that?
I try Showing some concern
I try engaging her to get clarifications of what she exactly wants
Client:
As I earlier told you I am working, I would like a child who is a little bit grown up since I will not be at home at all times due to work commitment
The client looks uncomfortable at this point since she starts fidgeting
Social work intern:
How will you handle this alone
She Seems confident
I try digging more from her
Client:
It is a difficult task as I have said, but since I have been working as a teacher for many years, I have a lot of experience in parenting
She smiles as she explains her passion with children.
Social work intern:
Now that your mind is set in the adoption of a school going child, how will you handle the discipline of the child?
I feel she is fit for the task
I want to understa.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
1. Running head: PROGRAM EVALUATION
1
PROGRAM EVALUATION
5
Program Evaluation
Student’s Name
Institution
Program Evaluation
Application of Social Cognitive Theory in Information Science
and Education
Social cognitive theory first started as a social learning theory
by Albert Bandura for application in psychology. Jenkins, Hall,
and Raeside (2018) asserted that, regarding the deployment of
social cognitive theory in understanding information seeking
behavior and use, the social cognitive theory had been used to
explore significant areas. Such areas like consumption of social
media content, information retrieval skills in the academic field,
information retrieval skills at the workplace, information
literacy in the educational field and day to day life information
seeking. For instance, Kim (2010) used the theory to explore
expectation differences in students of different genders when
using university library website resources. With regards to
knowledge sharing, Jenkins et al. (2018) found that social
cognitive theory has been used to explore various fields like
blogging and knowledge management systems.
In the field of education, Erlich and Russ-Eft (2011) reviewed
the application of social cognitive theory to academic advising
2. for assessment of student learning. Specifically, the researchers
applied the social cognitive theory concepts of self-regulated
learning as well as self-efficacy for the study. This medium is
because these concepts have been successfully applied to
education. The idea that learners should be able to recognize,
create as well as choose their career plans for successful
navigation through their college life contains the elements of
self-efficacy concept and self-regulated learning. For instance,
Erlich and Russ-Eft (2011) indicated that the confidence in
achieving academic plans at a given level could be an indication
of a student’s ability to perform academic planning activities at
a complex level, which is a demonstration of increased efficacy.
Learner’s self-regulated learning skills may help in
understanding the learning mechanisms by which a learner
acquired the strategies and tactics for performing academic
planning activities with independence and sophistication.
Program Timeline
Project Goal
Related Objective
Activity
Duration
To promote awareness about breast cancer prevention
By 2020, increase to 75% proportion of African American
women who understand the importance of annual clinical breast
exams
Identify the population who underutilize clinical breast exams
January 1, 2020-January 31, 2020
Develop a media campaign to educate African American women
about the benefits of early breast cancer detection
February 1,2020-March 30, 2020
Train faith-based organization members on how to educate their
congregations about the benefits of breast cancer screening
3. February 1,2020-March 30, 2020
To increase early detection of breast cancer through screening
By 2020, increase to 60% the proportion of Black American
women who have received a mammogram screening
Reduce depictions of breast cancer screening among African
women
February 1, 2020-April 30, 2020
Advocate for increased clinical breast cancer examination and
mammography among black American women
February 1, 2020-April 30, 2020
Devise targeted and effective mass media campaigns
April 1, 2020-May 30, 2020
To improve the quality of life of breast cancer survivors and
their loved ones
By 2020, decrease breast cancer-related deaths for Black
American women by 50%
Promote existing best practice programs
March 1, 2020-May 30, 2020
Develop guidelines for best practice programs that advocate for
and promote healthy living
February 1, 2020- April 30, 2020
Market existing programs for breast cancer survivors
March 1, 2020-May 30, 2020
4. The outcomes of this project will be examined using a formative
evaluation which is conducted during the actual operation of the
program and uses data gathered during the program cycle. It
also provides information during the implementation of the
program to help in determining the extent to which the program
is being implemented according to the program’s design. The
formative evaluation will also answer questions about the
program implementation as well as to focus on process
objectives and enable the manager to determine whether
modifications should be made to program operations even
before the program has completed its first year (Kettner,
Moroney & Martin, 2017).
There will be a need to identify the population who
underutilize clinical breast exams to achieve the program's first
goal of promoting awareness about breast cancer prevention
among African American women. This medium will develop a
media campaign that educates the target population about the
benefits of early breast cancer detection and train faith-based
organization members on how to educate their congregations
about the benefits of breast cancer screening. Various activities
like reducing depictions of breast cancer screening among the
target population, advocating for increased clinical breast
cancer examination and mammography and preparation of
targeted and effective mass media campaigns are essential in
attaining the program's second objective of increasing early
detection of breast cancer through screening. Finally, to
improve the quality of life of breast cancer survivors and their
loved ones, there will be a need to promote existing best
practice programs, develop guidelines for best practice
programs that advocate for and promote healthy living, and
market existing programs for breast cancer survivors.
References
Erlich, R. J., & Russ-Eft, D. (2011). Applying social cognitive
theory to academic advising to assess student learning
5. outcomes. NACADA Journal, 31(2), 5-15
Hall, H., & Jenkins, L. (2018). Applications and applicability of
social cognitive theory in information science research. Journal
of Librarianship and Information Science, 1-12. Retrieved from
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/096100061876998
5
Kettner, P. M., Moroney, R. M., & Martin, L. L. (2017).
Designing and managing programs: Aneffectiveness-based
approach. (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Kim, Y. M (2010). Gender role and the use of university library
website resources: A social
cognitive theory perspective. Journal of Information Science
36(5), 603-617.
2
2
Program Budgeting and Financial Analysis
Name
University
Evidence Based Practice I: Assessment and Design
January 20, 2019
Program Budgeting and Financial Analysis
Every initiative requires financial resources, and that is why it
is essential to prepare a budget for a program. A program
project, at its core, is developed for a specific activity. It
6. includes the revenue and the expenditure components for that
particular project. Many organizations use program budgets for
successful implementation of their initiatives. By listing all the
sources of revenues and expenditures, it is possible to control
all the financial activities in which a project takes part in (U.S.
Small Business Administration, n.d.). Another important aspect
in healthcare programs is financial analysis. Policymakers must
perform financial analysis for effective allocation of resources
and determination of economic benefits of a given initiative
(U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2008). This paper discusses
the budgetary requirements and cost-effectiveness of a breast
awareness campaign among African American women in
Baltimore County Maryland.
Program Budget
A functional budgeting system, which deals with the inputs and
outputs of a program or a project is adopted for this breast
cancer awareness program among African American women in
Baltimore County Maryland. According to Kettner, Moroney,
and Martin (2017) functional budgeting systems usually focus
on management and are mainly concerned with a program's
efficiency and productivity. Because of its principal purpose,
functional budgeting system is generally thought of as
efficiency budgeting. The primary goal of this breast cancer
awareness program is to increase awareness and enhance access
to breast cancer screening as well as diagnosis among African
American women. Like in any other budget, there are various
sources of revenues and expenditure items for this program’s
budget (see Table 1).
Table 1: Budget Line Items for Breast Cancer Awareness
Program
Revenues
Amount
Total
Membership contribution
7. $
100,000
Special Events
$150,000
Government contracts and grants
$250,000
Program income
$300,000
Endowment income
$50,000
Other income
$50,000
Third party payments
$100,000
Total Revenue
$1,000,000
Expenditures
Development and distribution of educational materials
$100,000
Breast cancer educational workshops
$230,000
One-on-one breast cancer health education
$70,000
8. Salaries and wages
$200,000
Rent
$30,000
Utilities
$20,000
Equipment
$50,000
Supplies
$50,000
Transport
$150,000
Telephone
$50,000
Other (miscellaneous)
$50,000
$1,000,000
A budget comprises of two principal sections: the
revenue part and the expenditure part (Hodges & Videto, 2011).
The total budget required for six months, from the start up to
the completion of this campaign, is 1 million United States
dollars. The program income membership contribution accounts
for 10% of the total revenue. By organizing special events such
as sporting activities, this campaign intends to raise 15,000
dollars, which is 15% of the total revenue. Program income
from various activities like sales of branded shirts is expected
to raise 30% of the total revenue. Government grants and
contributions will account for 25% of the total revenue. From,
third party payments such as nongovernmental agencies, this
9. awareness campaign will raise $100,000 in revenues.
Endowment income and other income will contribute 5% each to
the total amount of financial resources required for successful
implementation of this campaign.
These revenues will go toward development and distribution of
educational materials, which will account for $100,000 of the
entire budget. This medium is because there is a need to
develop and distribute materials that are culturally appropriate
to the African American population to realize the program's
goals and objectives. Also, it is important to organize
educational workshops for trainers from which they can learn
appropriate methods and techniques for spreading the program’s
purpose to the target population. Also, it is important to arrange
for educational workshops for community leaders and women
groups from where they can be sensitized about the importance
of breast cancer screening and diagnosis. This activity is
expected to cost 23% of the entire expenditure. Trainers must
also have one-on-one educational sessions with the most
affected group for successful sensitization, and this will account
for 7% of the total expenditure. Total salaries for the program's
director, two counselors, three training specialists, and four
support services staff is $200,000 for the six months. There is a
need to rent an office from where the administrative functions
can be carried out. Other utilities like electricity and waters,
transport and telephone are also important for successful
implementation of the program. Office supplies like pens and
books as well as equipment like personal computers and
projectors are other essential requirements.
Break-Even Analysis
Dirubbo (2006) defined break-even as a point at which revenue
is equal to expenditure. As such, the break-even point focuses
on the minimum expectation for a program's revenue. All
revenues earned after break-even analysis point represent
margin over profit. Conducting a break-even analysis is
10. necessary to determine the break-even point for this breast
cancer awareness program among black American women.
Mathematically;
Break-Even Point = Fixed cost/Contribution margin
Contribution margin = sales price per unit- variable cost per
unit.
For this campaign, 30,000 branded shirts will be sold at $10
each to raise revenue of $300,000
Out of the $1 million, variable cost is expected to account for
40% with the remaining 60% as fixed costs. The variable cost
will be incurred on 100,000 program participants. Therefore;
Fixed cost = $600,000
Variable cost per unit = $400,000/100,000
=$4
Selling price per unit =$10
The Break-Even Point = $600,000/($10-$4)
= $100,000
Budget Variance
11. Sometimes budgets have variance when revenues do not match
with the expenditures (Hodges & Videto, 2011). As for this
program, a budgetary variance may arise if the sale of branded
shirts does not meet the intended target of surpassing the
intended number of 30,000 branded shirts. Also, failure to
receive $250,000 in grants from the government may lead to a
variance in the budget. An increase in the cost of developing
and distributing educational materials may adversely affect the
budget. A favorable variance may also arise if the cost of
generating and distributing educational materials is lower than
the budgeted figure of $100,000. Changes in economic
performance may affect the prices of equipment such as
personal computers, which may affect the budget either
favorably or adversely. An increase in the cost of a personal
computer will cause an adverse variance while a decrease in the
price of a computer will lead to a favorable variance.
Financial Analysis
Program owners can use different methods of financial analysis,
whose suitability, according to the United States National
Library of Medicine (2008), depended on the purpose of an
assessment, availability of data plus other resources. Some of
the commonly used financial analyses are the cost of illness
analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost consequence analysis,
and cost-benefit analysis. Others are cost-utility analysis, cost
minimization analysis, and budget impact analysis. Cost-
effectiveness analysis is the appropriate method for this
awareness campaign
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
The cost-effective analysis is the comparison of costs measured
in monetary units against the non-monetary outcomes (U.S.
National Library of Medicine, 2008). In essence, it compares
the costs plus health effects of a program or an intervention to
assess the degree to which it can be considered as providing
value for money. This medium can enable decision-makers to
12. determine whether or not to allocate resources for a particular
program (Palumbo, Sikorski & Liberty, 2013). Mathematically;
Cost-effectiveness ratio = cost of intervention A ($)-cost of
intervention B ($)
effect of intervention A- effect of intervention B
We can assume that at the cost of $1million, the breast
awareness campaign would help educate 100,000 women of the
benefits of screening and mammography to compute the cost-
effectiveness ratio. Alternatively, a screening coordination
program may be used to help lessen the problem of breast
cancer among Black American women. This program is
anticipated to cost 2.5 million dollars and reach only 80,000
women.
Cost effectiveness analysis for cancer awareness
program=$1,000,000-2,500,000
100,000-80,000
13. = -70
The negative incremental cost of effectiveness ratio for cancer
awareness campaign implies that by adopting the program rather
than screening coordination initiative, there is an improvement
in the number of women reached out to and reduction in cost.
Conclusion
In conclusion, budget preparation is an important component of
a program. At least 1 million dollars will be required for the
successful implementation of this awareness program. More
than half of these resources will be allocated on some important
budgetary elements like preparation of educational materials,
organization of workshops and salaries. An analysis of break-
even point shows that revenue will equate expenditure at
$100,000 for this program. Most importantly, the cost-
effectiveness analysis proves that a breast awareness campaign
is more effective than screening coordination.
References
Dirubbo, N. E. (2006). Break-even analysis--can I afford to do
this? The Nurse Practitioner, 31(7), 11. Retrieved from
https://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohos
t.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=16862051&site=eh
ost-live&scope=site.
Hodges, B. C., & Videto, D. M. (2011). Assessment and
planning in health programs (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones &
Bartlett Learning.
Kettner, P. M., Moroney, R. M., & Martin, L. L. (2017).
Designing and managing programs: An effectiveness-based
approach (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Palumbo, M. V., Sikorski, E. A., & Liberty, B. C. (2013).
Exploring the cost-effectiveness of unit-based health promotion
14. activities for nurses. Workplace health & safety, 61(12), 514-
520. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/216507991306101203.
Hiatt, J. (2006). ADKAR: a model for change in business,
government, and our community. Prosci.
U.S. Small Business Administration. (n.d.). Writing a business
plan. Retrieved January 17, 2019 from
http://www.sba.gov/category/navigation-structure/starting-
managing-business/starting-business/writing-business-plan.
U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2008). HTA 101: IV. Cost
analysis methods. Retrieved January 17, 2019 from
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nichsr/hta101/ta10106.html.
1
2
Program Design Elements
Name
University
Evidence Based Practice I: Assessment and Design
January 6, 2019
Program Design Elements
A program is only successful when it does not only achieve its
objectives but also meets or exceeds stakeholders' expectations.
It is the stakeholders who take responsibility of ensuring that a
project reaches its goals. They remain accountable and sacrifice
their time and resources for the good of the project. The success
15. of a project depends on the involvement of all key stakeholders.
Some of the familiar stakeholders include the community, the
government, organizations, project managers and project
sponsors (Kettner, Moroney & Martin, 2017). This paper
discusses the importance of involving community members and
organizations in the process of developing goals and objectives
for a breast cancer awareness program among African American
women.
Stakeholder Involvement
Importance of Involving Representatives in Goal Development
Involvement of representatives in goal development is a vital
process that ensures the needs and expectations of the target
population are catered for in the project (Hodges & Videto,
2011). There are various benefits associated with the
involvement of representatives in the process of developing
goals and objectives for the breast cancer awareness program
for the selected population. It is undeniable that engaging the
representatives can lead to the accommodation of local agendas
within the local and national programs that aim at reducing
breast cancer among African American women.
Consideration of the stakeholders’ needs and interests
throughout the evaluation process is critical to productive
development of interventions. Representatives can play a major
role in the process of goal development of programs targeted at
African American women who have breast cancer. Given that
many campaigns and communication efforts are complex and
sophisticated, stakeholders normally help in identifying the
right objectives and ensuring that the outcomes are utilized to
make a difference (Hodges & Videto, 2011). Stakeholders are
much more likely to not only support the program assessment
but also act on the program’s outcomes. Their involvement
ensures that the suggestions and areas of differences are solved
throughout the development process which in turn has the
benefits of preventing conflicts or sabotage of the entire
project.
Stakeholders Involved in the Program Planning Process
16. The community is one of the relevant stakeholders who will be
involved in the program planning process. Soong et al. (2015)
asserted that community members have the responsibility of
identifying and evaluating problems that are healthcare oriented
and solve them amicably. The efforts directed at solving such
problems must also accommodate the possible barriers to the
solutions. Breslau et al. (2015), in their support, indicated that
the community solution to health problems start from the
activities of the community members which implies that
African-American women community can solve the problem if
they are involved right from the initiation phase of the project
to its implementation phase.
Other than the community, organizations will also be involved
in the program planning process because organizations can
provide technical, financial and mobilization assistance as well
as media sponsorship for successful implementation of the
breast cancer awareness program among African American
women. Kettner, Moroney, and Martin (2017) asserted that
organizations could financially sponsor the logistics and
planning activities of a health awareness program. Media
organizations can enhance program implementation by
advertising the program, broadcasting radio and television
jingles as well as granting interviews. Government agencies and
local partners can provide technical and mobilization support.
These initiatives can play significant roles in influencing
African American women's perception of breast cancer
awareness and prevention.
How Representatives can be Involved
Various strategies can be used to undertake stakeholder
engagement for breast cancer programs among African
American women. Some methods, according to O’Haire et al.
(2012) include partnership, participation, consultation, and push
communications as well as pull recommendations. Partnership
programs entail establishing shared accountability and
responsibility with stakeholders. Fawcett and Ellenbecker
(2015) indicated that partnership involves close cooperation and
17. information sharing. It should also require an engagement
method in which part of the team is included in the delivery of
tasks or with the responsibility for a specific area. This method
is characterized by the establishment of limited ways of sharing
responsibilities. In conference strategy, stakeholders
participate, but team members are not accountable and cannot
influence anything outside of consultation boundaries.
Push communication strategy is a one-way stakeholder
engagement mechanism. When using push communications,
organizations can spread a message across all stakeholder
groups. This medium can alternatively be directed specific
individuals with the utilization of communication channels like
social media, emails, podcasts and broadcast media (O'Haire et
al., 2012). Furthermore, they can use the nominal group
technique. Stakeholders ideas and views can be obtained
through a nominal approach that is free of interference and
threats (O’Haire et al., 2012). The method enhances creativity
and open sharing of information.
Every individual in the group has the freedom to share and learn
new ideas. Stakeholders can choose the proposed ideas. This
approach aims at promoting open communication of views and a
listing of predetermined needs from stakeholders in non-
hierarchical discussion forums (O’Haire et al., 2012). This form
of engagement aims at structuring discussions when groups are
having problems in reaching universal agreement on complex
issues.
Program Design Elements
Program Mission, Goals, Objectives and Activities
Mission: To eliminate breast cancer as a significant health
problem among African American women by preventing breast
cancer and diminishing suffering from breast cancer through
education and advocacy
Goals
Objectives
Activities
To promote awareness about breast cancer prevention
18. By 2020, increase to 75% proportion of African American
women who understand the importance of annual clinical breast
exams
Identifythe population who underutilize clinical breast exams
Develop a media campaign to educate African American women
about the benefits of early breast cancer detection
Train faith-based organization members on how to educate their
congregations about the benefits of breast cancer screening
To increase early detection of breast cancer through screening
By 2020, increase to 60% the proportion of Black American
women who have received a mammogram screening
Reduce depictions of breast cancer screening among African
women
Advocate for increased clinical breast cancer examination and
mammography among black American women
Devise targeted and effective mass media campaigns
To improve the quality of life of breast cancer survivors and
their loved ones
By 2020, decrease breast cancer-related deaths for Black
American women by 50%
Promote existing best practice programs
Develop guidelines for best practice programs that advocate for
and promote healthy living
19. Market existing programs for breast cancer survivors
Program Gantt Chart
Activities
Month and Year of Plan
01/2019
02/2020
03/2020
04/2020
05/2020
Identifythe population who underutilize clinical breast exams
Develop a media campaign to educate African American women
about the benefits of early breast cancer detection
Train faith-based organization members on how to educate their
congregations about the benefits of breast cancer screening
Reduce depictions of breast cancer screening among African
American women
20. Advocate for increased clinical breast cancer examination and
mammography among black American women
Devise targeted and effective mass media campaigns
Promote existing best practice programs
Develop guidelines for best practice programs that advocate for
and promote healthy living
Market existing programs for breast cancer survivors
21. References
Breslau, E. S., Weiss, E. S., Williams, A., Burness, A., &
Kepka, D. (2015). The implementation road: Engaging
community partnerships in evidence-based cancer control
interventions. Health Promotion Practice, 16(1), 46-54.
https://doi-
org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1177/1524839914528705
Fawcett, Jacqueline, and Carol Hall Ellenbecker. "A proposed
conceptual model of nursing and population health." Nursing
outlook 63, no. 3 (2015): 288-298.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2015.01.009.
Hodges, B. C., & Videto, D. M. (2011). Assessment and
planning in health programs (2nd ed.).
Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Kettner, P. M., Moroney, R. M., & Martin, L. L. (2017).
Designing and managing programs: Aneffectiveness-based
approach. (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
O’Haire, C., McPheeters, M., Nakamoto, E., LaBrant, L., Most,
C., Lee, K., ... & Guise, J. M. (2011). Engaging stakeholders to
identify and prioritize future research needs. Methods Future
Research Needs Reports, No.4. Retrieved from
https://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohos
t.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=21977526&site=eh
ost-live&scope=site
Soong, C. S., Wang, M. P., Mui, M., Viswanath, K., Lam, T. H.,
& Chan, S. S. (2015). A “community fit” community-based
participatory research program for family health, happiness, and
harmony: Design and implementation. JMIR Research
Protocols, 4(4). https://doi-
org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.2196/resprot.4369.
22. 1
7
Initial Analysis for Program Planning
Name
University
Evidence Based Practice I: Assessment and Design
December 23, 2018
Initial Analysis for Program Planning
Breast cancer is a common type of cancer affecting women in
the whole world, and in the United States, it is one of the most
leading causes of cancer death (The American Cancer Society,
2012). Irrespective of the significant improvements made in
breast cancer detection, diagnosis as well as prevention, the
American Cancer Society (2012) indicated that black American
women are still unequally affected by breast cancer. White
women have a 90 percent five-year survival white African
Americans have a five-year survival rate of 78 percent, which is
lower than that of other races as well as ethnic groups in
America (The American Cancer Society, 2012). Therefore, there
is a need for a new plan of action and methods to advocate for
the prevention of breast cancer, decrease its mortality, as well
as enhance survival rate among Black American women. The
purpose of this paper is to establish an initial analysis for
program planning and needs assessment of the issue of the
breast cancer in black American women in the United States of
America
Problem Identification and Target Population
Compared with Caucasian female, black American women have
increased mortality rates and are more likely to be diagnosed
with the disease prior the age of 40 years. Breast cancer
incidence and mortality rates trends demonstrate varying
23. patterns among different races. Whereas African American
females have a lesser lifetime risk of suffering from cancer of
the breast, they have an increased mortality rate than white
American women (Allicock, Graves, Gray & Troester, 2013).
Greater breast cancer-related deaths are occurring among black
American women with nearly 33 percent higher risk of loss of
loss due to breast cancer than white American females. A recent
report showed that black American females with cancer of the
breast have a poorer prognosis when compared to white women
that were diagnosed at the same age and stage (Yedjou et al.,
2017).
Social Cognitive Theory for African Women with Breast Cancer
The social cognitive theory utilizes several concepts associated
with behavioral change. First, there is self-efficacy concept
which is a belief that people have the ultimate control over their
health and can do whatever they want. Second, there is the
expectation concept which focuses on the behavioral change
outcome (Hodges & Videto, 2011). For instance, a patient must
go for regular checkups to keep her health in check and at the
required standard. Self-control is another important concept of
the social cognitive theory. This provides patients the autonomy
as well as total control over their behavior change. Most
importantly, African American can, through observational
learning, observe whatever white women are doing to increase
their survival rates. Finally, it is possible to reinforce the theory
using incentives like free checkups as well as rewards for every
patient who regularly visits the hospital for checkups (Hodges
& Videto, 2011).
Social cognitive theory is appropriate for assessing the problem
of breast cancer among Black American women. This is because
the theory focuses on the effect of individual experiences, other
peoples' activities and actions as well as environmental aspects
on the behavior and health status of the affected population.
This is made under the consideration that breast cancer is
24. treatable but can also be fatal if advanced. Also, the social
cognitive theory offers support in a social context by installing
self-efficacy expectations and utilizing observational, and other
reinforcements to achieve the desired behavioral change and
perception (Hodges & Videto, 2011).
Literature Review
The phenomenon of higher cancer of the breast mortality among
black American females in the America involves various
factors. Black American females are more prone to suffer from
the cancer of breast at an early age, to get the diagnosis at a
later disease stage as well as to die from breast cancer than
other women of other racial groups (Karcher et al., 2014). For
more than four decades, the United States has witnessed an
expansion in the five-year relative survival rate for breast
cancer for both white and black American females. In any case,
there is as yet a significant racial distinction with new data
revealing that the 5-year survival rate for black American and
Caucasians women is standing at 79 percent and 92 percent,
respectively (Coughlin, 2015).
The contrast in survival rate is because of the diagnosis at a
later stage as well as poorer stage-specific survival rates amid
black American females (Coughlin, 2015). It is believed that
various factors, both biological and non-biological, contribute
to the higher mortality rate among African American women.
Some of the biological factors include more treatment-resistant
tumors as well as more aggressive histology. The common non-
biological factors are access to care and attitudes about seeking
care (Daniel et al., 2018). Given that the non-biological factors
are more mutable compared to biological factors, there is a need
to develop proactive measures to address the increasing
mortality rates among African American women (Daniel et al.,
2018).
Efforts to prevent breast cancer-related deaths have focused on
25. various risk factors like the promotion of physical activity,
reduced alcohol consumption, taking of balanced diet as well as
early detection through regular mammography (Albuquerque,
Baltar & Marchioni, 2014). In as much as, recent data from a
national survey in the United States show that black American
females are as unlikely as white females to have had
mammograms in the recent past, some patient locations and
geographical localities still have some black-white disparities in
mammogram rates as well as referrals for breast cancer
evaluation and detection. These are caused by socioeconomic
factors like family income as well as educational attainment
(Coughlin, 2015).
Cancer of the breast screening rates are low amid low-income,
uninsured as well as underinsured households which lead to
higher mortality rates due to breast cancer among these
populations (Coughlin, 2015). Another issue is of some Black
American females having misconceptions about breast cancer
etiology, about their risk factors of breast cancer as well as
barriers to receiving timely screening and treatment (Yedjou et
al., 2017). Black American women who are at risk are unlikely
than their white counterparts to be aware of the present
guidelines as well as recommendations related to preventive
measures (Coughlin, 2015).
Needs Assessment
Needs Assessment Approach
Monsen et al.'s Problem-Analysis Framework will be used to
identify the needs of black American females in reducing
mortality rates due to breast cancer. According to Annan et al.
(2013), Monsen et al.’s problem analysis framework of 2008
focuses on clear conceptualization and clarity of facts to
provide focused interventions. The framework is divided into
five major phases, with phase 1 requiring therapist and
26. researchers to focus on the background information, role as well
as expectations. In phase 2, there is a need to prepare the initial
guiding hypothesis for the problem under study. Phase 3 is
about identifying the problem dimensions, and phase 4 is about
the preparation of an integrated conceptualization. In phase 5, a
researcher or a therapist must prepare an intervention plan and
implementation strategy. Finally, phase 6 is about monitoring as
well as the evaluation of actions and outcomes.
Method of Data Collection
The data collection methods that will be used for the study
include questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaires will
be in print and electronic form depending on the convenience of
the respondents. The importance of allowing for flexibility so to
allow the respondents to choose the type channel through which
they can respond to the questions is that the respondents may be
busy in income-generating or any other activities and as such,
may have limited time to answer the questionnaires (Derguy et
al., 2015). Thus, electronic questionnaires will allow for
convenience since busy respondents can answer the questions at
their free time in their mobile phones, tablets, or PCs. The
questionnaires will contain semi-structured-open-ended
questions to allow for flexibility and respondents' free
expression. Apart from the questionnaires, face-to-face and
telephone interviews will also be conducted depending on the
respondent's convenience. Respondents who will have enough
time at their disposal: those who are confident will take face-to-
face interviews whereas those who are busy, shy, or value their
privacy will take telephone interviews.
Potential Challenges and Possible
27. Solution
s
The possible challenges that will be encountered during the
data-gathering process are poor cooperation by the respondents.
This is because the study deals with breast cancer, which is a
sensitive subject among women. Besides, there may be fears of
ethical and privacy issues by the respondents in which they may
believe that their health information and identities can be
exposed in the study, which can significantly reduce the turnout
and cooperation of disclosure of accurate information by the
respondents. Different distant data-collection options will be
provided such as online questionnaires and telephone interviews
to increase the likelihood of cooperation. Ethical and privacy
issues will be solved by involving community stakeholders and
assuring the respondents of maximum privacy since their real
names will not be used.
References
Albuquerque, R. C., Baltar, V. T., & Marchioni, D. M. (2014).
Breast cancer and dietary patterns: a systematic
28. review. Nutrition reviews, 72(1), 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12083.
Allicock, M., Graves, N., Gray, K., & Troester, M. (2013).
African American women's perspectives on breast cancer:
Implications for communicating the risk of basal-like breast
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