This document discusses optimization of tax administration through the use of e-government and social media. It first reviews challenges with the current US tax system, including lack of transparency and public distrust. It then examines two approaches - economic and behavioral - for improving tax compliance. The behavioral approach of increasing transparency and citizen engagement through e-government and social media is analyzed. Lessons from other countries implementing e-government for taxes are discussed. The role of social media in creating faster, more interactive communication between government and citizens is also explored, along with challenges like ensuring credibility of information. The document argues that e-government and social media can increase tax administration efficiency and public satisfaction if implemented properly.
Political and Legal Factors affecting Electronic Government in Kurdistan EECJOURNAL
Legal factors affecting electronic government include all regulatory and law determinants that can negatively or positively affect results of market actions and decisions of management of company functioning in particular country. Electronic government (e-Government) in its simplest form can mean using information and communication technology (ICT) tools to provide services to citizens. Still with the huge benefits and synergies that e-Government grants to governments and societies, it faces many obstacles and challenges. Therefore, there are always a number of critical success factors and risks associated with e-Government. The aim of this study is to analyze the critical political and legal factors effecting on the implementation of implementing electronic government in Kurdistan. The study adopted six political and legal factors to measure the influence on implementing electronic government, these factors were; transparency of government, power distance indicator, regulations and standard, employment law, political commitment, and privacy. By using quantitative research method via applying a structure survey for the citizens in Kurdistan region of Iraq, however the findings showed that transparency of government will have significant and positive influence on implementing electronic government, power distance indicator will have significant and positive influence on implementing electronic government, regulations and standard will have significant and positive influence on implementing electronic government, employment law will have significant and positive influence on implementing electronic government and political commitment will have significant and positive influence on implementing electronic government.
e-Governance Implementation In Ebonyi State Nigeria: Challenges and ProspectsEditor IJCATR
The deployment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in different facets of the world’s economy has yielded very reasonable results. ICT has blured the barriers of hinderances in tourism, trade, healthcare, education and training. In governance and administration, ICT applications have enhanced the delivery of public services to citizens and clients not only by improving the process and management of government, but also by redefining the traditional concepts of citizenship. This paper examined the challenges facing the implementation of e-Governance in Ebonyi State – Nigeria and highlights the prospects. The research used a primary source of data by distributing, collecting and analysing a total of 500 questionnaires administered to respondents in the research area (Ebonyi State). The research found that the most difficult challenges facing the deployment of e-governance in Ebonyi State were lack of steady power supply, poor communication infrastructure and high cost of computer and internet equipments. The survey also revealed that the use of e-governance would bring improved efficiency in government operations without necessarily increasing the cost of state governance. e-Governance would strengthen democratic principles and ideologies which inturn brings good governance to the people.
Dona.d F. NorrisUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore County.docxmadlynplamondon
Dona.d F. Norris
University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Christopher G. Reddick
University of Texas at San Antonio
Local E-Government in the United States: Transformation
or Incremental Change?
The findings of this article
indicate that e-government has
developed incrementally and
has not been transformative, as
many early writers envisioned.
In this article, the authors address the recent trajectory of
local e-gouernment in the United States and compare it
with the predictions of early e-govemment writings, using
empirical data from two nationwide surveys of e-govern-
ment among American local governments. The authors
findtha: local e-government has not produced the results
that those writings predicted. Instead, its development
has largely been incremental, and local e-government is
mainly about delivering information and services online,
followed by a few transactions and limited inter activity.
Local e-government is also mainly one way, from govern-
ment to citizens, and there is little or no evidence that it
is transjormatiue in any way This disparity between early
predictions and actual results is partly attributable to the
incremental nature of American public administration.
Other reasons include a lack of attention by earl) writers
to the history of information technology in government
and the influence of technological determinism on those
writings.
For much of the past two decades, govern-ments across the globe have been adopt-ing and expanding an innovative means of
delivering government information and services to
citizens (G2C), businesses (G2B), and governments
(G2G). This phenomenon has come to be known as
electronic government or e-government. Today, all
national governments, nearly all subnational govern-
ments, and most local govern-
ments of any size have official
Web sites through which they
deliver information and services
electronically, 24 hours per day,
seven days per week. By almost
any standard, this is an incred-
ible story of technology adop-
tion by governments over a very
short period of time.
As we will discuss in the literature review, in the early
days of e-government, numerous predictions were
made about its development or evolution, many
of which were highly optimistic, suggesting that
e-government would be not only ever expanding but
also ever progressive. E-government, so the claims
went, would improve the effectiveness and efficiency
of government information and service delivery. It
would also lead to an end state that would include
the integration of information and service delivery
both within and among governments, would trans-
form governments themselves, would fundamentally
transform relations between governments and the
governed, and, ultimately, would produce electronic
democracy.
Empirical studies conducted in recent years have
increasingly called into question the validity and accu-
racy of such predictions, suggesting that they were not
informed by relevant prior literature, were te ...
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE PROGR...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This study aims to analyze the relationship between the Voluntary Disclosure Program and the
principle of justice in taxation at KPP Pratama West Mataram, Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara. The
research to be carried out is a form of qualitative research focusing on the relationship between the Voluntary
Disclosure Program and the principle of justice in taxation. Data collection is done through interviews,
documentation, and observation—data analysis by reducing, displaying, and presenting data. The results of his
research show that the voluntary disclosure program from the aspect of justice is to provide taxpayers with the
convenience and suitability of tax rates for disclosing their assets. In addition, the voluntary disclosure program
(PPS) has benefits and advantages for taxpayers. The first advantage is No Tax Audit: No tax assessments are
issued on tax obligations for the 2016-2020 Fiscal Year unless other data or information is found regarding
assets that have not been or are lacking disclosed in SPPH. Second, no more than 200 percent Penalty:
Taxpayers who have obtained a certificate of submission of SPPH are not subject to administrative sanctions.
Third, No Law Enforcement: Data and information originating from notification of disclosure of assets and
attachments administered by the Ministry of Finance or other parties related to implementing this Law cannot be
used as a basis for criminal investigations, investigations, and prosecutions against the Compulsory Tax.
Keywords: Tax; Taxation; Justice; Compulsory Tax
Political and Legal Factors affecting Electronic Government in Kurdistan EECJOURNAL
Legal factors affecting electronic government include all regulatory and law determinants that can negatively or positively affect results of market actions and decisions of management of company functioning in particular country. Electronic government (e-Government) in its simplest form can mean using information and communication technology (ICT) tools to provide services to citizens. Still with the huge benefits and synergies that e-Government grants to governments and societies, it faces many obstacles and challenges. Therefore, there are always a number of critical success factors and risks associated with e-Government. The aim of this study is to analyze the critical political and legal factors effecting on the implementation of implementing electronic government in Kurdistan. The study adopted six political and legal factors to measure the influence on implementing electronic government, these factors were; transparency of government, power distance indicator, regulations and standard, employment law, political commitment, and privacy. By using quantitative research method via applying a structure survey for the citizens in Kurdistan region of Iraq, however the findings showed that transparency of government will have significant and positive influence on implementing electronic government, power distance indicator will have significant and positive influence on implementing electronic government, regulations and standard will have significant and positive influence on implementing electronic government, employment law will have significant and positive influence on implementing electronic government and political commitment will have significant and positive influence on implementing electronic government.
e-Governance Implementation In Ebonyi State Nigeria: Challenges and ProspectsEditor IJCATR
The deployment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in different facets of the world’s economy has yielded very reasonable results. ICT has blured the barriers of hinderances in tourism, trade, healthcare, education and training. In governance and administration, ICT applications have enhanced the delivery of public services to citizens and clients not only by improving the process and management of government, but also by redefining the traditional concepts of citizenship. This paper examined the challenges facing the implementation of e-Governance in Ebonyi State – Nigeria and highlights the prospects. The research used a primary source of data by distributing, collecting and analysing a total of 500 questionnaires administered to respondents in the research area (Ebonyi State). The research found that the most difficult challenges facing the deployment of e-governance in Ebonyi State were lack of steady power supply, poor communication infrastructure and high cost of computer and internet equipments. The survey also revealed that the use of e-governance would bring improved efficiency in government operations without necessarily increasing the cost of state governance. e-Governance would strengthen democratic principles and ideologies which inturn brings good governance to the people.
Dona.d F. NorrisUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore County.docxmadlynplamondon
Dona.d F. Norris
University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Christopher G. Reddick
University of Texas at San Antonio
Local E-Government in the United States: Transformation
or Incremental Change?
The findings of this article
indicate that e-government has
developed incrementally and
has not been transformative, as
many early writers envisioned.
In this article, the authors address the recent trajectory of
local e-gouernment in the United States and compare it
with the predictions of early e-govemment writings, using
empirical data from two nationwide surveys of e-govern-
ment among American local governments. The authors
findtha: local e-government has not produced the results
that those writings predicted. Instead, its development
has largely been incremental, and local e-government is
mainly about delivering information and services online,
followed by a few transactions and limited inter activity.
Local e-government is also mainly one way, from govern-
ment to citizens, and there is little or no evidence that it
is transjormatiue in any way This disparity between early
predictions and actual results is partly attributable to the
incremental nature of American public administration.
Other reasons include a lack of attention by earl) writers
to the history of information technology in government
and the influence of technological determinism on those
writings.
For much of the past two decades, govern-ments across the globe have been adopt-ing and expanding an innovative means of
delivering government information and services to
citizens (G2C), businesses (G2B), and governments
(G2G). This phenomenon has come to be known as
electronic government or e-government. Today, all
national governments, nearly all subnational govern-
ments, and most local govern-
ments of any size have official
Web sites through which they
deliver information and services
electronically, 24 hours per day,
seven days per week. By almost
any standard, this is an incred-
ible story of technology adop-
tion by governments over a very
short period of time.
As we will discuss in the literature review, in the early
days of e-government, numerous predictions were
made about its development or evolution, many
of which were highly optimistic, suggesting that
e-government would be not only ever expanding but
also ever progressive. E-government, so the claims
went, would improve the effectiveness and efficiency
of government information and service delivery. It
would also lead to an end state that would include
the integration of information and service delivery
both within and among governments, would trans-
form governments themselves, would fundamentally
transform relations between governments and the
governed, and, ultimately, would produce electronic
democracy.
Empirical studies conducted in recent years have
increasingly called into question the validity and accu-
racy of such predictions, suggesting that they were not
informed by relevant prior literature, were te ...
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE PROGR...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT:This study aims to analyze the relationship between the Voluntary Disclosure Program and the
principle of justice in taxation at KPP Pratama West Mataram, Mataram City, West Nusa Tenggara. The
research to be carried out is a form of qualitative research focusing on the relationship between the Voluntary
Disclosure Program and the principle of justice in taxation. Data collection is done through interviews,
documentation, and observation—data analysis by reducing, displaying, and presenting data. The results of his
research show that the voluntary disclosure program from the aspect of justice is to provide taxpayers with the
convenience and suitability of tax rates for disclosing their assets. In addition, the voluntary disclosure program
(PPS) has benefits and advantages for taxpayers. The first advantage is No Tax Audit: No tax assessments are
issued on tax obligations for the 2016-2020 Fiscal Year unless other data or information is found regarding
assets that have not been or are lacking disclosed in SPPH. Second, no more than 200 percent Penalty:
Taxpayers who have obtained a certificate of submission of SPPH are not subject to administrative sanctions.
Third, No Law Enforcement: Data and information originating from notification of disclosure of assets and
attachments administered by the Ministry of Finance or other parties related to implementing this Law cannot be
used as a basis for criminal investigations, investigations, and prosecutions against the Compulsory Tax.
Keywords: Tax; Taxation; Justice; Compulsory Tax
We’re entering a new era of digital government that could transform how citizens feel about their state. Here’s what research needs to do, to make it happen.
eGovernment measurement for policy makersePractice.eu
Author: Jeremy Millard.
The eGovernment policy focus has moved over the last five years from being mainly concerned with efficiency to being concerned both with efficiency and effectiveness. This paper examines the current and future development of eGovernment policy making, and the critical role that measurement and impact analysis has in it.
Trust and Public Policy: How Better Governance Can Help Rebuild Public Trust ...OECD Governance
Highlights brochure from the OECD publication "Trust and Public Policy: How Better Governance Can Help Rebuild Public Trust", which examines the influence of trust in policy making and explores the steps governments can take to strengthen public trust. oe.cd/trust-and-public-policy
Danae Isis Morales García, Egbert J. Sánchez Vanderkast: National Policy on O...KISK FF MU
Talk given at the BOBCATSSS 2015 conference - http://www.bobcatsss2015.com/.
The National Policy on Open Data aims to develop mechanisms for transparency and accountability of government to citizens. Therefore I consider it necessary to make an analysis model to assess the international guidelines, and analyze how they are applied to the models implemented by the governments of different countries. This analysis applied in Mexico. The objective is to analyze in which way the open data in e-government environment strengthen transparency.
Innovating Public Service Delivery Through Crowdsourcing: What Role for The T...CSCJournals
The purpose of this paper is to study the involvement of the “crowd” in designing innovative public policies, and the possibility for the Third Sector to play a role in this process. To do so, we want to answer the following research question: what is the extent to which crowdsourcing is adopted in financing and delivering public services within New Public Governance arenas? In order to answer it, we employ the following approach. First of all, we will set public innovation into the context of New Public Governance; secondly, we will analyse definitions for crowdsourcing, and thirdly, we will provide an overview and crisis of crowdsourcing examples to demonstrate their significance as novel forms of public service finance and delivery. This approach evidences the potential and the outcomes of applying crowdsourcing in the public sector, and indicates the role of the actors involved: the adoption of a leadership role by the Third Sector could facilitate crowdsourcing processes. The outcome of the application of crowdsourcing in the public sector is a greater involvement of the civil society in its relationship with the State.
The true concept of democracy includes the participation of individuals in the governing process. But due
to gargantuan population the active participation of citizen in governing process is not possible. But egovernance makes it possible through online feedback system from the public. This paper entirely deals
with the concept of e-governance and the application of e-governance in various domains. The role of
information and communication technology [ICT] in e-governance, the scope & objective of e-governance.
The scope includes four main aspect namely G2C; C2G; G2B; G2G.Finally this paper includes the
overview of Digital India project, e-governance plan formulated by the government and our views.
It is a summarized document explaining the role of technology in assisting Kenyan youths in combating corruption through accountability. The presentation outlines various channels such as budget planning, community score cards and other process in which the youth can use ICT to combat this vice. The presentation also gives examples of the issues so far raised by youths on social media.
Running head PHD IT 1PHD IT 5Written Interview Qu.docxtodd581
Running head: PHD IT 1
PHD IT 5
Written Interview Questions: PhD IT
Student’s name
Professor’s name
Course title
Date
Phd IT
Q 1: Information technology research interests, importance, and inspiration
Information technology must not be underestimated. Organizations now recognize information technology as a first mover advantage over the competitors. The increased desire for smart cities, sophisticated robotics, and now that the society is in the information age requires technology wizards to help in the transition. Notably, increased cyber attacks reports need more research. I am interested in finding out the emerging threats and safety precautions to lend a hand in reducing losses as a result the threats. The other is data breaching. The wide embrace of electronic commerce and storage of information electronically has led to the breach of sensitive information. Studying information technology in-depth will grant insights on how to govern information. Big data is common today. I would wish to know about the analytics of big data and its applications to make sound decisions. Risk is a fact. Knowledge on enterprise risk management is essential for the management of risks. Information technology varieties reflect the need to research about the technologies for a global world. Data is becoming more complex, calling for data science knowledge.
Q 2: Reasons for selecting PhD in information technology including University of the Cumberlands
Now that the world is driven by information technology is a sign of growth. To a student, this implies increased job opportunities which is a plus if one has a doctorate degree. A doctorate person can fit in careers that require high technology such as information technology consultant, strategist, architect, director, and chief information officer over a master’s person. A PhD will therefore, grant me the theories and strategies important to become a leader in technology management. University of the Cumberlands was chosen because it has been certified by the National Security Agency as well as Homeland Security as a center of excellence in the prevention of cyber threats (University of the Cumberlands, 2018). The university also offers the chance to study online and takes into account the student’s schedule to have time for work and home.
Q 3: Strengths verses weaknesses including impacts
More research is expected of a PhD student. The ability to research and write well will be beneficial in delivering the needed content. A thinker is also required to present substantive knowledge. Sacrifice in terms of time and effort is a must to graduate within the allocated duration. I am well-prepared to pursue this study because of the focus that I have. Additionally, I have shared about my interests and goals with my mentor therefore, assured that I am in the correct field. The selected mentor is knowledgeable about information technology and will get to this person when faced by any challenge. I a.
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 9
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
Matthew M. Rosario
University of the Rookies
May 15, 2018
Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Law does not change in theory, but psychology does which enhances psychological understanding of the world. Being able to identify juror in favor of a particlar postion during “Voir Dire” can be beneficial during legal preceedings. Voir dire is the ability to rehabilitate the jury by allowing the judge and attorney to observe and ask questions to eliminate bias jurors before selecting the final 12 jurors who will preside over the case (Erik, Marek, 2016). Unfortunately, this method can be used in order to evaluate which juror would be most benefical for a particlar lawyer during a trial. In other words, lawyers have the ability to munapluate the selction process in order to gain juror in their favor. According to Schuller, Erentzen, Vo, and Li (2015) it is the right for one to be tried by an impartial and independent jury from one’s peers, but this can be difficult when peers can be prejudice or possibly chosen by attorneys to benefit their position. At this time there is mininal psychological assessement being conducted in order to understand the jurors position outside of their biases. Because this is a new topic emerging in studies, more research needs to be conducted in order to understand the bases of trial science and the annotation of using trial consultant to create mock trials for juror selection for their advantage. Due to trial science being a new specialty this lead to the research topic can personality inventories indicate a juror verdict during trial? Many researchers concluded that juror background demographic information, education and personality could influence a juror verdict, but did not con.
More Related Content
Similar to Running head OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION1OPTIMIZAT.docx
We’re entering a new era of digital government that could transform how citizens feel about their state. Here’s what research needs to do, to make it happen.
eGovernment measurement for policy makersePractice.eu
Author: Jeremy Millard.
The eGovernment policy focus has moved over the last five years from being mainly concerned with efficiency to being concerned both with efficiency and effectiveness. This paper examines the current and future development of eGovernment policy making, and the critical role that measurement and impact analysis has in it.
Trust and Public Policy: How Better Governance Can Help Rebuild Public Trust ...OECD Governance
Highlights brochure from the OECD publication "Trust and Public Policy: How Better Governance Can Help Rebuild Public Trust", which examines the influence of trust in policy making and explores the steps governments can take to strengthen public trust. oe.cd/trust-and-public-policy
Danae Isis Morales García, Egbert J. Sánchez Vanderkast: National Policy on O...KISK FF MU
Talk given at the BOBCATSSS 2015 conference - http://www.bobcatsss2015.com/.
The National Policy on Open Data aims to develop mechanisms for transparency and accountability of government to citizens. Therefore I consider it necessary to make an analysis model to assess the international guidelines, and analyze how they are applied to the models implemented by the governments of different countries. This analysis applied in Mexico. The objective is to analyze in which way the open data in e-government environment strengthen transparency.
Innovating Public Service Delivery Through Crowdsourcing: What Role for The T...CSCJournals
The purpose of this paper is to study the involvement of the “crowd” in designing innovative public policies, and the possibility for the Third Sector to play a role in this process. To do so, we want to answer the following research question: what is the extent to which crowdsourcing is adopted in financing and delivering public services within New Public Governance arenas? In order to answer it, we employ the following approach. First of all, we will set public innovation into the context of New Public Governance; secondly, we will analyse definitions for crowdsourcing, and thirdly, we will provide an overview and crisis of crowdsourcing examples to demonstrate their significance as novel forms of public service finance and delivery. This approach evidences the potential and the outcomes of applying crowdsourcing in the public sector, and indicates the role of the actors involved: the adoption of a leadership role by the Third Sector could facilitate crowdsourcing processes. The outcome of the application of crowdsourcing in the public sector is a greater involvement of the civil society in its relationship with the State.
The true concept of democracy includes the participation of individuals in the governing process. But due
to gargantuan population the active participation of citizen in governing process is not possible. But egovernance makes it possible through online feedback system from the public. This paper entirely deals
with the concept of e-governance and the application of e-governance in various domains. The role of
information and communication technology [ICT] in e-governance, the scope & objective of e-governance.
The scope includes four main aspect namely G2C; C2G; G2B; G2G.Finally this paper includes the
overview of Digital India project, e-governance plan formulated by the government and our views.
It is a summarized document explaining the role of technology in assisting Kenyan youths in combating corruption through accountability. The presentation outlines various channels such as budget planning, community score cards and other process in which the youth can use ICT to combat this vice. The presentation also gives examples of the issues so far raised by youths on social media.
Similar to Running head OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION1OPTIMIZAT.docx (20)
Running head PHD IT 1PHD IT 5Written Interview Qu.docxtodd581
Running head: PHD IT 1
PHD IT 5
Written Interview Questions: PhD IT
Student’s name
Professor’s name
Course title
Date
Phd IT
Q 1: Information technology research interests, importance, and inspiration
Information technology must not be underestimated. Organizations now recognize information technology as a first mover advantage over the competitors. The increased desire for smart cities, sophisticated robotics, and now that the society is in the information age requires technology wizards to help in the transition. Notably, increased cyber attacks reports need more research. I am interested in finding out the emerging threats and safety precautions to lend a hand in reducing losses as a result the threats. The other is data breaching. The wide embrace of electronic commerce and storage of information electronically has led to the breach of sensitive information. Studying information technology in-depth will grant insights on how to govern information. Big data is common today. I would wish to know about the analytics of big data and its applications to make sound decisions. Risk is a fact. Knowledge on enterprise risk management is essential for the management of risks. Information technology varieties reflect the need to research about the technologies for a global world. Data is becoming more complex, calling for data science knowledge.
Q 2: Reasons for selecting PhD in information technology including University of the Cumberlands
Now that the world is driven by information technology is a sign of growth. To a student, this implies increased job opportunities which is a plus if one has a doctorate degree. A doctorate person can fit in careers that require high technology such as information technology consultant, strategist, architect, director, and chief information officer over a master’s person. A PhD will therefore, grant me the theories and strategies important to become a leader in technology management. University of the Cumberlands was chosen because it has been certified by the National Security Agency as well as Homeland Security as a center of excellence in the prevention of cyber threats (University of the Cumberlands, 2018). The university also offers the chance to study online and takes into account the student’s schedule to have time for work and home.
Q 3: Strengths verses weaknesses including impacts
More research is expected of a PhD student. The ability to research and write well will be beneficial in delivering the needed content. A thinker is also required to present substantive knowledge. Sacrifice in terms of time and effort is a must to graduate within the allocated duration. I am well-prepared to pursue this study because of the focus that I have. Additionally, I have shared about my interests and goals with my mentor therefore, assured that I am in the correct field. The selected mentor is knowledgeable about information technology and will get to this person when faced by any challenge. I a.
Running head PERSONALITY INVENTORIES1PERSONALITY INVENTORIE.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 1
PERSONALITY INVENTORIES 9
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
Matthew M. Rosario
University of the Rookies
May 15, 2018
Abstract
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Understanding how juror verdict come to be not from a lawyer standpoint by a psychological one can be beneficial as far a juror selection. Juror selection is the most important part during pre-trial services. Being able to use science to investigate juror personality in regards to personality evidence can create a new theory in psychology and law once the research begins and the length and understanding of the topic is better. This paper will outline information of my research topic.
Personality Inventories as Evidence of Personality
It can be difficult to understand law in relations to psychology and the way behavior can be explained in a more practical application. Unfortunately, the advancement of psychology and the perception of law are at a constant struggle with each other because law is specific and psychology is changing. Law does not change in theory, but psychology does which enhances psychological understanding of the world. Being able to identify juror in favor of a particlar postion during “Voir Dire” can be beneficial during legal preceedings. Voir dire is the ability to rehabilitate the jury by allowing the judge and attorney to observe and ask questions to eliminate bias jurors before selecting the final 12 jurors who will preside over the case (Erik, Marek, 2016). Unfortunately, this method can be used in order to evaluate which juror would be most benefical for a particlar lawyer during a trial. In other words, lawyers have the ability to munapluate the selction process in order to gain juror in their favor. According to Schuller, Erentzen, Vo, and Li (2015) it is the right for one to be tried by an impartial and independent jury from one’s peers, but this can be difficult when peers can be prejudice or possibly chosen by attorneys to benefit their position. At this time there is mininal psychological assessement being conducted in order to understand the jurors position outside of their biases. Because this is a new topic emerging in studies, more research needs to be conducted in order to understand the bases of trial science and the annotation of using trial consultant to create mock trials for juror selection for their advantage. Due to trial science being a new specialty this lead to the research topic can personality inventories indicate a juror verdict during trial? Many researchers concluded that juror background demographic information, education and personality could influence a juror verdict, but did not con.
Running head: PHASE 2 1
PHASE 1 16
GenY Xploit Implementation Plan
Ken Wiechert
Robert Varela
Lakisha Trammel
Grand Canyon University: ENT-435
06/9/2019
GenY Xploit Implementation Plan
Innovation is a team activity that involves the intersection of different fields, bringing together diverse ideas, abilities, and/or methods that result in a physical product, a process, or a service that impacts society in a timely manner (National Academy of Engineering, 2015). It is imperative to influence innovation in an organization to stay in existence with other competitors. Before Team B can embrace the final phase of implementing a plan that will captivate the audience buy-in power there are two other phases that need to take place. Phase 1 has already been established and that is to purpose several innovative ideas to nominate for our new product along with a description of the models used to circulate an extensive evaluation of each product. Team B evaluated several innovation ideas mainly using the NOMMAR model which evaluated the customer needs, technology options, potential market, business model, realistic approach, and the relevancy (Miller Competition Series, n.d.). Phase 2 will finalize the name of a product, provide a description of the GenY Xploit gaming console, what value will it provide to our customer needs, utilizing the NOMMAR model a detailed implementation plane that that will include contingency, risks, budget, time frame, target market and visuals to increase readability and professional exploits.
GenY Xploit Gaming Console
Team B unanimously nominated the GenY Xploit gaming console for our new product. Introducing the new GenY Xploit gaming console into the market arena will give gamers a whole new jolt of gaming experience. The gaming console will introduce a unique design of software compatibility that will allow gamers to perform cross-platform gaming to compete with each other online no matter what gaming console they are using.
According to Karlsson, & Nystrom (2003), “The introduction of a new product on the market can basically be made in two different ways. A product can be either totally new to the market or it can be the result of a major change in an existing product” (p 136). The Gen Y Xploit is totally a new gaming console product that has the potential to revolutionize the gaming industry all over the world. Team B is excited and ready to establish this new gaming console to the gaming community world which we feel is hungry and ready for a new gaming console to take center stage. If that is not enough, we are confident that GenY Xploit will fulfill all their desires and needs for centuries to come. Presently, the latest marketing model for the gaming industry consists between two competitors, Microsoft Xbox One X and the Sony PlayStation 4 (PS4), even though the Nintendo Switch is a gaming system they are not equally comparable. It is time to beef up the competit.
Running head PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT1PERSONAL MISSION ST.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
1
PERSONAL MISSION STATEMENT
4
Personal Mission Statement
Name
PSY/699
Instructor name
date
Personal Mission Statement
To begin with, I have set my eyes on becoming a social worker. Further, through my involvement in the realm of social work, I hope to help as many individuals as I can. For a long a time, I have exhibited immense passion and the need to come to the assistance of individuals who are grappling with a vast array of unsavory circumstances. My passion is as a result of my experiences of the suffering of many people whom I have interacted with throughout my life. Notably, the majority of these people had to contend with abuse and neglect for a long time. Moreover, my need is as a result of my comprehension of the fact that transforming the globe commences with the assistance of a just a single individual and having the ability to empathize with individuals. Having witnessed so much suffering throughout my life, I feel that it is right for me to do whatever I can to bring smiles to faces of individuals who have faced diverse challenging situations in their life. In this way, I believe that I will be able to bring much-needed positive contributions to my preferred profession.
Further, I bring various positive and unique qualities to social work, the most prominent of which include empathy, active listening, and persuasion. Firstly, empathy relates to the capability of an individual to identify with the situation in which another individual is. Undoubtedly, empathy is immensely critical in the realm of social work owing to the fact that it aids those partaking in the field to not only comprehend but also assist others in ascertaining solutions to their problems. Apart from this, active listening is equally critical in social work because it helps in establishing trust, opening doors, and coming to the discovery of important details regarding the people seeking the assistance of social workers. In this way, their unique circumstances can be understood. Additionally, the value of persuasion cannot be stressed enough, as it aids in influencing, coaxing, or inviting individuals to take action, for instance, when it comes to the transformation of client behavior.
With respect to how I see my role in the profession evolving through time, I hope that I will start working as a child welfare social worker in a hospital. I intend to offer services to children who are grappling with abuse and neglect owing to the actions of their parents. On top of this, I intend to assist children coming from families that do not earn enough income. In addition, I hope that I will become a hospital manager of child welfare five years after starting my practice of social work. Following the attainment of two to three years’ experience as child welfare social worker, on top of undergoing additional management training, I hope that I will be able to land the position. In addition, I intend to start a non-profit communit.
Running head PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENTPERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT.docxtodd581
Running head: PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 6
Personality development
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to explain the concepts and theories of personality development. People tend to think widely about personality at the workplace, in schools, and in other social events. People place immediate focus on the personality and make judgments about shyness, helpful people. (Davis & Panksepp 2018) Personality makes each individual the way they are. Researchers in psychology and other fields have overtime in history researched how the personality of individuals developed. The development of personality refers to the organization of human behavior patterns, which brings uniqueness amongst various individuals. Many factors can result in personality changes such as the genetic factors, the environment one is living, styles of parenting, and other very important variables. The development of personality allows individuals to adopt an impressive personality and makes one be unique. Various psychologists have developed various theories that explain the development of human personality. Some of the theories of personality development include the psychodynamic theory, neural biological theory, the traits theory, and cognitive theory. (Rohsenow & Pinkston-Camp 2016)
Psychodynamic theory
The development of personality takes place through a certain series of stages. Each of these stages has unique conflict features in psychology. The development of human personality is developed from a number of components of the human mind. Feud believed that the three components include the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is concerned with the question "want to do that now," it is characterized by the gratification of certain basic needs and has an aspect of urgency. The superego places focus on some essential rules and morals in society. This is closely related to the commonly referred to as the human conscience. The development happens as individuals grow from childhoods to adulthood. The ego is mainly rational and part of our inner personality. A number of psychologists have criticized the feuds ideas about personality development and have rather applied the effect that the child's environment and their culture affect the development of their personality. (Rohsenow & Pinkston-Camp 2016)Alfred explored and developed a very comprehensive theory of psychodynamic personality.
The psychologists focused on the strong drive, which compensates for inferiority feelings. He developed the idea of an inferiority complex which described a situation where an individual lacks their worth and perceive themselves below the standards of other people in the society. Erickson was another psychologist who was very instrumental in the development of psychological development theory. (Brandes 2019) He argued that the development of the human personality was based on t.
Running Head PERSONAL NURSING PHILOSOPHY 1PERSONAL NURSING P.docxtodd581
Running Head: PERSONAL NURSING PHILOSOPHY 1
PERSONAL NURSING PHILOSOPHY 2
Personal nursing philosophy
Student name
Professor
Course
Date of submission
This paper focuses more on nursing paradigms that are comprised of four key elements. These factors include persons/clients, health, environment, and nursing, where each is subjected to own theoretical connotation and has an essential role in enhancing and promoting healthcare. In this regard, the paper outlines and contrast approaches and is in line with these four approaches in efforts to attain modern health care. Various theories in this regard try to give a vivid description of the environment and critical role in healthcare. All the stakeholders are therefore supposed to collectively work together as one of attaining a competitive advantage, healthcare and create a conducive work plan that total defense potential alignment of healthcare. This theory creates a personal definition that applies to the scenario in an exemplifying the applicability in the nursing processes (Warren W. Tryon, 2019).
In my analysis and interpretation, Person metaparadigm focuses more on recipient care and the patient. This facet extends and encompasses factors such as culture, personal spiritual aspects, family friends, and the associate economic status. This fact has been proved by a research hat outlined that the current world view of nursing has existentialism and humanism transcendence, which are based on their own interpretation and perception. The nature of intensive care that is acceded to a patient in some cases is based on the personal attribute and predetermined forces that surround one self. The third part is always crucial in attaining healthcare through could and proviso of essential secondary services that help in the healing processes. This is a closely associated environment metaparadigm; it deals with both external and external factors that relate to competent and reliable patient care. Some of the factors that are defined in this phase include interacting with patients, which changes the cognitive perspective of the subject. Visitors, as well as surrounding, are vital factors that can be used to determine and offer the best services to a patient (Saul McLeod,, 2015).
Am sure that nurse and the integrated practices of theories have established s scope and level of abstraction that has developed a proper framework through the nursing situation. Through capacity building a convinced that nurse intervention is the road map of attaining all phenomena and goals of universal healthcare. In this case, the use of cognitive theory appliance is predominating, arguing that intellectual structure and processes must be followed. The nurse must, therefore, attain a high degree of competency through the use of one's thought, interpretation of the environment, and correct assumption. In my opinion, this is the most critical aspect that requires professional input to attain effective, effi.
Running Head PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW1PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW.docxtodd581
Running Head: PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW 1
PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW 2
Philosophical Worldview
Kathy Greggs
Liberty University
05/27/2020
1. Which philosophical worldview most closely aligns with your perspective and the way that you view problems in the world? How so?
The approach in which we view greatly affects the approach in which we take for research purposes. I did not have that idea until I read the philosophical worldview and gained a detailed comprehension of that it involves. From this knowledge, I have found out that from the four philosophical worldview one that closely aligns with my perspective and my view of problems in the world is the pragmatic technique. This is because my approach of viewing and handling issues is based on the experience of the vice theory. Based on pragmatic view, reality exist as physical realities, psychological and social realities that involve subjective experience and perception, language, and culture. Knowledge is based on reality of the world and our experiences (Petersen, & Gencel, 2013).
2. How does understanding the connection between philosophical worldview and research methodology assist in your research approach?
The capability to associate philosophical world views to various research methodologies is essential to me. It aids in making it easier to focus on main issue of research thus making the right decision on the type of data collection methods to be used and the type of data analysis to be used. It is essential to note that the connection between the philosophical worldview and the research approach available since it will aid in defining if I implement the quantitative method or the qualitative approach. Based on the research carried out by Robson and McCarran (2016), the quantitative approach is basically focuses on the natural sciences and numerical data; as the qualitative approach is based majorly on non-numerical data and believed to be better suited for social research on individuals. Nevertheless, as pragmatist both approaches could be implemented based on my perspective or basic consensus.
3. Compare/contrast research philosophical worldview with that of a Christian worldview. Are there any areas that are problematic, or do most philosophical worldviews appear to be congruent with a Christian worldview?
A world view is a way in which we comprehend life and the world as well as the reality. The Christian worldview is a great conceptualization of the world based on a Christian view. Based on the philosophical worldviews, positivism according to me of the only one that is problematic to a Christian word view since it disclaims invisible theoretical concepts (Robson & McCarran, 2016). Post-positivism is a new worldview that tends to replace positivism and it is in line to the Christian worldview since it takes into consideration the uncertainties that positivism rejects. The other approaches are inline to the Christian world view since they are more open to the social n.
Running Head PHIL WORKSHOP1PHIL WORKSHOP 2.docxtodd581
Running Head: PHIL WORKSHOP 1
PHIL WORKSHOP 2
Phil Workshop
Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Phil Workshop
One
According to Kant’s theory, the wrongness or rightness of actions do not rely on their outcomes but on if they tend to fulfill our responsibilities. Kant believed that there has to be a supreme guideline when it comes to morality which he mentioned to be the categorical imperative. Kant mentioned that when looking at categorical imperative, he believed that whether actions are wrong or right relies not on their consequences although on if an individual fulfils their duties (Bowie, 2002). In the philosophy according to Kant, there are diverse aspects that we learn up to date. These include: ethics, utilitarianism, among others (Winch, 2015). The limitations of this aspect are however somewhat severe. According to research, most philosophers tend to know much about several topics although they do not have any tangible mastery of a particular subject in a thorough way (Hossieni, et.al, 2016).
Both Aristotle and Kant argued that an action was classified to be moral it got to be partaken with a moral result in mind. Aristotle breaks with Kant and believes that there are not such things as the Forms or Eidos which are permanent and eternal and real. Whatever feelings one is subjected to, determines how they develop. It is better that we understand the definition of personifications.
Two
FGM, that is, female genital mutilation is a concept which denotes all the processes that involve total or partial removal of parts of the exterior female genitalia or maybe causing other injuries to the organs for non-medical or cultural reasons. According to a report by the World Health Organization on 31st January, 2018, FGM has no health benefits for women and girls. In addition, it is a violation of the women’ and girls’ violation (Reisel & Creighton, 2015). When it comes to the morals and ethical aspects of FGM, there ought to be a reasoned public dialogue regarding how well to get rid of harmful aspects of the mutilation of female genitals via laws, policies and education.
Also, debate is supposed to get encouraged in diverse academies dealing with bioethics on how medical specialists could fulfil both their moral and ethical duties in the acknowledgement of the religious traditions when it comes to their patients. Goodness is whatever promotes the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. This is because not all actions are morally acceptable despite the positive consequences attained. John Mill explained that the greatest happiness is the pleasure and lack of pain. Happiness is the end desirable thing that either brings pleasure or is a means of pleasure. In that case, FGM is clearly an unethical issue.
When looking at ethical relativism, the theory tends to hold a morality which is relative towards the norms of an individual’s culture. That is, if an action is wrong or right relies upon the moral norms of the c.
Running head PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-EXISTENCE OF GOD .docxtodd581
Running head: PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-EXISTENCE OF GOD 1
PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION-EXISTENCE OF GOD 2
Student's name: Emmanuel Domenech
Professor's name: Dr. Tina Wood
Topic: Stage 1: Choosing your Philosophical Question
Institution: University of Maryland University College
Date: April 14, 2019
Final Project Stage 1: Choosing your Philosophical Question
Week Four: Philosopher: Thomas Aquinas, Primary Text: Summa Theologica, Part 1, Question 2, Article 1-3
Q1. Does God really exist?
I am highly interested in supporting the philosophy because it has been a debate that has existed for some millennium. God has been the cause of conflict and the reason for peace in some parts of the world. People who find a reason not to believe in him have always been secluded from the rest. Also, those who trust in him have been seen as hypocrites since their mistakes judge them. This is a philosophy that is interesting since it brings about the relationship between socioeconomic and political aspects of human beings in relation to the influence of a supernatural being. I would like to know that God exists in our world and this starts with the materials presented by the Philosophy of Aquinas. I would not want to choose a side and sound bias, but I would like to use facts to present my findings.
.
.
RUNNING HEAD PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLANPERSONAL BRANDING ACT.docxtodd581
RUNNING HEAD: PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLAN
PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLAN 2
PERSONAL BRANDING ACTION PLAN
NAME
MAY 2019
I) Keywords that best describe myself
a) Strategist
b) Motivator
c) Fitness Consultant
d) Talent enabler
II) Passions and Values
a) Passions
i) Community Service
ii) Healthy and mental fitness living
iii) Mentorship
b) Values
i) Commitment
ii) Integrity
iii) Resilience
III) Value Proposition
I am a servant to my clients. I am entrusted with a task that is vital in personality development. It is paramount that my deeds and speech emulate my training. I am open to criticism and take up challenges easily. This position carries a responsibility to be a custodian of values as well as instill them to those I rub off shoulders with.
IV) Personal Branding/Networking Goals
Develop a blog and post tips twice a week.
Attend organized empowerment talks and apply to become one of the speakers.
Engage in online forums and social media chat rooms.
V) Elevator Pitch
Did you know it takes the average person just two seconds to look at a company logo and decide if they like it? Being a personal trainer, I can tell you for a fact that people judge you as fast as they would with a logo. I am interested in building inter-personal skills as well as maintaining one’s mental fitness. My passion is coming up with unique ways to help my clients express themselves by what they say, do and wear. I would be thrilled to help you achieve your personal goals.
References
How to Give an Elevator Pitch (With Examples). (n.d.). Retrieved from Indeed Career Guide: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/interviewing/how-to-give-an-elevator-pitch-examples
The Definitive Guide to Personal Branding. (n.d.). Retrieved from Brand Yourself: https://brandyourself.com/definitive-guide-to-personal-branding
.
Running head PERFORMANCE1PERFORMANCE2Case Scena.docxtodd581
Running head: PERFORMANCE 1
PERFORMANCE 2
Case Scenario
Case Scenario
The most striking point in this scenario is that the union’s collective bargaining covenant has “decoupled compensation from performance” (Hale, 2007). This means that the worker performance cannot be incentivized through benefits and compensation. This results to the assumption that without anything to gain it would be meaningless to appraise the performance of the workers. Besides, even from the union’s perspective, having performance metrics in hand, especially if they are trending up, can only strengthen their position at the next negotiation of the collective bargaining agreement.
However, it is also clear that the HR director erred in deciding to evaluate the effectiveness of the performance appraisal process by indexing that supposed effectiveness to the number of managers who adopted the process. That metric is useful only if the frequency of adoption is a proxy for gains in performance, a line of reasoning in need of clarification and exposition. One way for the HR director to flesh this out would be to obtain an understanding of why some managers were adopting the new performance appraisal process and why some were not. If the municipality’s managers are in fact concerned with the performance of their units, the survey would presumably point to ways the managers think the new process helps or does not help them get a handle on the productivity of their employees. The advantage of this would be that the survey would provide invaluable feedback, with which the performance appraisal process could be tweaked to address the concerns of the non-adopters and build upon the positives as seen by the adopters. The takeaway is that it is not entirely correct to assert that “the number of managers using the form has no bearing on productivity” (Hale, 2007) – the number of managers adopting the new process could serve to evaluate the process’ effectiveness, but only with some auxiliary development.
As Hale points out, the most straightforward metric for determining the value of the new appraisal process would be to measure “whether performance had improved” (Hale, 202). But, perhaps just as clearly, there seems to be something wrong with the reasoning implicit in that response. It seems shortsighted to apply the broad desideratum of improved performance to the seemingly more fundamental prerequisite initiative of becoming better able to measure performance (Hale, 2007).
Assuming many additional criteria are required to evaluate the value of the HR director’s new appraisal process. Given that the ‘industry’ in question is a municipality, relevant productivity and people performance metrics are to be found in, for example, time-at-task, attainment of objectives, and rework. For example, if the municipality receives a call about a broken water line, the time-at-task involved in repairs, the successful repair, any need for rework, plus response time, all repr.
Running Head PERTINENT HEALTHCARE ISSUE1PERTINENT HEALTHCAR.docxtodd581
Running Head: PERTINENT HEALTHCARE ISSUE 1
PERTINENT HEALTHCARE ISSUE 2
Analysis of Pertinent Healthcare Issue
Students Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Impact of increasing cost in a health organization
Introduction
The cost of receiving healthcare service is becoming a serious national healthcare concern. It has been established that the United States spend more on healthcare, in relation to the national income than any other industrialized nation. However, achieving minimum cost means having to make certain hard compromises which have never been easy. For example, low expenditure on research and development, limitation in terms of the choices of health coverage or healthcare providers and having to wait for long before using new technologies. The health system has gone through a series of transformational changes that has seen the cost of healthcare provision sky-rocket. The most affected are among the 41 million uninsured Americans who are unable to cater for the cost of insurance as well as the underinsured whose coverage program cannot cater for their overall health needs. The major catalyst behind the rising cost of healthcare has been; the rising number of aging population that take great benefit from the technologies created for lengthening life span, lifestyle choices like adoption of sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits resulting to obesity and cardiovascular disorders among others.
Cost impact on health organization.
Increasing cost has impacted the national health organization/system in so many ways. The impacts are not only experienced by the patients but the providers, employers, payers (insurance bodies) and even other employees within the health organization. Firstly, an array of transformational changes has been made i.e. payment transformation where a shift has been made from volume-based (fee-for service payment) which has high cost implications to value-based models and also the development of primary care in attempt to counter increasing cost. The turnover of healthcare providers has also faced a fair share of cost impact. The providers burdened by the feeling of denying patients services due to inability to cater for cost or lack of insurance loses meaning of services and morale to continue with the service. Consequently, advancement in training and education improve the providers’ patient service and more enhanced application of Evidence-Based practice appears costly and unaffiliated hence promoting low morale. Morbidity and mortality cases has been on the rise. Advanced technology used in diagnosis/treatment of serious medical conditions has become expensive and some of them are not covered by the insurance (core payments) hence late interventions taken after serious damage. The is also an indication of lowered patient engagement as far healthcare decision making is concerned since patients with financial challenge have limited options and are sometimes forced to comply with the physici.
Running head Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Pra.docxtodd581
Running head: Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Practice: Are There Enough
Guidelines? An Evaluative Study on The Existing System in a Dental College of Riyadh 1
Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Practice: Are There Enough Guidelines? An
Evaluative Study on The Existing System in a Dental College of Riyadh
Introduction
While it is essential to the practice of healthcare professionals to concern about patient
safety, it is relatively current that it has been transformed into a specific body of knowledge and
therefore patient safety may be considered as a relatively ‘innovative’ discipline. Its core ideas
are to prevent the occurrence of avoidable adverse events (errors, complications and accidents)
accompanying the practice of healthcare and to reduce the impact of unavoidable adverse events.
This is a simple definition for the multifaceted, complexed nature and many key elements in the
practice of patient safety. There are economic, financial, social, cultural and organizational
matters of a patient safety environment that makes it unpractical to simply define it as the
practicing safe health care or protecting patients from harm by health care professionals. It is
essential for all health care professionals and health care organizations to become more
acquainted with the overall framework of patient safety, to dynamically contribute in hard work
to apply patient safety procedures in everyday practice and to create a culture of patient safety
culture (Yamalik & Perea Pérez, 2012).
There is a constant concern and interest in dentistry for matters related to patients and
practicing safe and quality care in the everyday dental practice. Yet, like other health
professions, more attention is given to patient related matters and safety-related matters
(Yamalik & Dijk, 2013).
Furthermore, there is an emerging professional consideration of risk management, patient
safety and handling errors. Rather than hiding them, errors are now understood as learning
material and by that, the number of publications on dental errors are increasing. As an example,
Patient Safety and Risk Management in Dental Practice: Are There Enough Guidelines? An
Evaluative Study on The Existing System in a Dental College of Riyadh 2
prescribing errors in dental practice is a potential ground for development in the medication
management process and patient safety (Yamalik & Dijk, 2013).
An empirical data on the attitudes of dental professionals and dental auxiliaries about the
reporting of medical errors was collected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia by Al-Nomay et al., (2017),
most respondents (94.4% of them) expressed that medical errors should be reported. Yet, insights
of the norm, personal preferences and existing practices regarding which type of error should be
reported were inconsistent. Only 17.9% of respondents perceived that reporting errors that results
in.
Running head PayneABUS738001PayneABUS738001.docxtodd581
Running head: PayneABUS738001
PayneABUS738001
Human Resource Management and Employee Turnover
BUS-7380 Qualitative Business Research Design and Methodology
Week 1
Amenia Payne
Dr. Lawrence Ness
May 17, 2020
Introduction to Problem
How an organization along with its performance is affected by human resource management (HRM) policies that play an important role in the organization for performance and growth of employees and organization is a widely discussed topic (Boudreau 1991; Jones& Wright, 1992; Kleiner 1990). Different sources contend that work rehearses that advance superior, for example, exhaustive representative enrollment and choice methods, motivator pay, and execution the executives frameworks, and broad worker inclusion and preparing, will in general upgrade the capacities of a company's present and future representative's information, aptitudes, inspiration, just as the maintenance of value workers (Jones and Wright, 1992; U.S. Division of Labor, 1993). The human asset strategies of the association will be in general assistance +7. The year 2006 was the year when HR managers noticed that were approximately 46% and considered employee turnover their top post priority in workforce and organization and that took the peak from 2012 that was 25% in that year.
Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) explained that it has different causes for lessening employee turnover ought to be imperative for any association that involves (1) employee turnover can turn out to be exorbitant rapidly, (2) undesirable turnover influences the presentation of any association, (3) as the accessibility of talented representatives diminishes, it will turn out to be progressively hard to hold looked for after workers. According to a study, it was analyzed that employee turnover can be too costly that annually it can shoot up to 200% of annual salaries that is a great loss for organizations caused mainly due to turnover. Now with these staggering figures, it is very difficult for organizations today to fully understand the concept of employee retention and turnover and how to decrease the overall process and how to handle turnover (Mayhew, 2019). Similarly, trained employees and loyal workforce of the organization get replaced with new employees that take additional time to get trained hence organizations face a loss of time along with loss of resources and money (Iqbal, 2010). Employee turnover should only be done when it is essential for any organization to replace existing employees with new talent and that will only be done when organizations know that this turnover will give benefit and growth to the organization (Meyer, 2011). Employee turnover has termed as a risky choice as it involves the major risks in any organization for current and future project implications by human resource management (Iqbal, 2010).
An organization’s business strategic plans for execution should be contingent on current and potential employees. Throu.
Running head NURSING RESEARCH 1NURSING RESEARCH 7.docxtodd581
Running head: NURSING RESEARCH 1
NURSING RESEARCH 7
Nursing Research
Student's Name
Institutional Affiliation
Nursing research
Obesity and Weight Management Programs
Introduction to the Problem
The problem under investigation in this research is the issue of obesity and weight management. This topic was selected because it the issues is affecting many people today around the world and most significantly in the United States. Thousands of people worldwide are dying from obesity and overweight related illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure among many others (Obesity & weight control: Health risks, weight loss & bariatric surgery, n.d.). Therefore, it has a huge impact on the healthcare system since it has increased the problems that healthcare professionals and facilities are facing. Hospitals are now congested mainly due to diet related illnesses, obesity being at the top of the list, which causes short staffing due to the increasing patients numbers relative to providers’ numbers. The providers, especially nurses, may then suffer from burnout and thus affecting the quality of care that they provide. Several weight management programs have then been created in order to tackle the serious problem of obesity. Therefore, conducting a proper research on obesity and weight management programs is very crucial since it will help in providing in-depth understanding of the whole issue and thus useful in developing and implementing ways that can curb the problem by proper implementation of these programs. This will improve the conditions of healthcare facilities and eventually the quality of care provided.
The Problem
The problem is obesity and weight management programs. Obesity is a medical condition that occurs when an individual has excess body fat or weight that might have some significant effect on his or her health (Hu, 2008). On the other hand, weight management is the process of embracing long-term lifestyle modification to keep a healthy body weight on depending on the age, gender, and height of an individual. They include methods such as eating heathy food and increasing the levels of physical activity. Weight management programs are then the initiatives that are created in controlling the weight of individuals in order to control such conditions as obesity. Managing one’s weight through these programs is very important part of their health because they avoid being overweight and obese to reduce the risks of medical conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and stroke. The intake of diet considered unhealthy, lack of physical exercise and practicing unhealthy lifestyles such as too much intake of alcohol, smoking may lead to increase in weight, and thus a person is considered overweight. This is when the body contains too much body fat above the required amount. Obesity then occurs after being overweight when the calorie intake of a person goes higher than the amount of energy that .
Running head PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 1 .docxtodd581
Running head: PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 1
Perceived Benefits and Barriers about the MMR Vaccine among the Parents of a Pediatric
Population in South Florida
Florida International University
PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 2
Background
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 4 people
in the United States will be hospitalized and one out of every 1,000 people with measles will
develop brain swelling that could lead to brain damage. Given the possible severity when
obtaining Measles, the CDC recommends to protect children against measles by obtaining a
vaccine that provides enduring insurance against all strains of measles (Measles, 2018). The
Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine (MMR) is administered in two doses in order to prevent
an individual from obtaining one of those diseases. The first dose was given to children when
they are about 13 months old, which offers 90 to 95% protection against those diseases. The
second dose increases those protection odds to become 99%, which is administered before a
child turns five years old. In order for the vaccine to be immune in our system, we need to
achieve at least 95% of immunity to those diseases (Gardner, 2010).
Side effects of MMR vaccine
There is for all intents and purposes no medication without reactions. Gentle symptoms of MMR
vaccine include the following: fever, mild rash, and swelling of the glands in the cheeks or neck.
Moderate reactions include: febrile seizures, brief joint inflammation, and impermanent
thrombocytopenia. Serious side effects of MMR vaccine are amazingly uncommon, but can
include serious allergic responses. Other serious side effects are rare to the point that it is
difficult to recognize whether they are caused by the vaccine, which includes: deafness, long-
term seizures, coma, lowered consciousness, and lasting brain damage (Mahmić-Kaknjo, 2017).
PERCEIVED BENEFITS AND BARRIES ON MMR VACCINE 3
Barriers
Obtaining immunization has been viewed as one of the best general wellbeing accomplishments
of the twentieth century for their job in killing smallpox and controlling polio, measles, rubella,
and different irresistible ailments in the United States. Regardless of their adequacy in
forestalling and destroying illness, routine youth vaccine take-up remains problematic. Parent
refusal of immunizations has added to flare-ups of vaccine preventable infections, for example,
measles and pertussis (Maglione, 2014). Late episodes of measles in the United Kingdom and
United States have awoken reestablished worry about vaccination dismissal. The rate of
vaccination take-up has fallen. Individuals' view of vaccine protection and effectiveness has
appeared to be an imperative factor for immunization take-up that, in the meantime, can spread
between people (Medus, 2014).
Research has shown that guardians' frames of mind .
Running Head PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1PATHOPHYSIOLOGY5.docxtodd581
Running Head: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 5
Pathophysiology
Student name
School
Instructor
Date
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a joint inflammatory disorder that can, at times, extend the effects to other body organs like lungs and blood vessels; The condition complicates the body's immune system with the advancement of the symptoms( explain types of symptoms) and citation needed(>>>>>>>>) Patients suffering from RA are prune to severe conditions that may arise as the condition matures. patients have distinct symptoms expressed outwardly based on the level and stage of the inflammatory disorder, some of which are similar to those expressed by the patients in the case study. The condition is not hereditary or family born but thought to result from genetic risk factors such as…… (citation needed) The patient in the case study was aware that increased inflammatory could result in the highlighted symptoms and thus presented them to identify whether they were emanating from the condition or any other source of infection.
Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.
A variety of gene pairs are associated with the RA condition as significant risk factors. The causative genes to the condition are suspended in the immune system function ( citation). Change in human Leukocyte antigen genes (HLA) in the significant contributor to Rheumatoid Arthritis ( citation needed). The genes, RLA-DRB1, are highly associated with triggering the Rheumatoid Arthritis condition. It is associated with the production f body proteins. The HLA proteins assist the immune system in distinguishing immune proteins and those proteins produced by body invaders like viruses (Soo P, n.d). Variation in other genes has a little impact on the condition ( citation needed).
Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.
Immunosuppression is a process that subdues the human immune system to individuals undergoing organ transplants or those with autoimmune conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis(>>>>>>>>). The process involves administering drugs to ensure that the immune system does not repel the organs being transplanted (McCance & Huether, 2019). The physicians must first carry an examination of different body organs them makes a prescription to the patient. After the examination, a strict medical plan or therapy session is created, which patients should stickily follow. During the process, the doctor monitors the patients effectively on a close observation. Immunosuppression has different side effects in the body, some of which arise due to the drugs ( citation needed). The effects include; decrease in bony density, a decrease in muscle functioning, effect on the operation of muscle fiber, which reduces muscle protein production and cases of hyperglycemia and severe diabetes. The effects get controlled through regular exercise. This paragraph should lead to the 4th or next paragraph this p
Invasiv.
Running head PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH1PASTORAL .docxtodd581
Running head: PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH 1
PASTORAL COUNSELLING ON MENTAL HEALTH 36
Pastoral Counseling on Mental Health
Student’s Name
Course
Institutional Affiliation
Pastoral Counseling on Mental Health
Chapter 4 Results4.1 Introduction
In this chapter, the researcher is going to present the results and findings obtained from the research. The primary objective of the study was to find out the effects of pastoral counseling on mental health. The researcher conducted a research survey to obtain the relevant data that was required to achieve the research objective. The data collection tool that was used in this study was a survey questionnaire that contained a total of 21 questions. The design of the questionnaire was in line with the specific objectives of this study. This chapter will present the respondents' background information, and the findings obtained from the analysis in line with the research objectives.
4.2 Data Analysis
Descriptive statistics were used in the discussion of the findings of the research. The results were explained using percentages. The target respondents of the study were sampled using simple random sampling. However, the primary target sample was that of people who had experienced some form of mental health at a certain point in their lives. The primary criterion for sampling was that the individual participant must have attained the age of 18 years and above.
4.3 Response Rate
Herein the response rate is the total number of people who completed the survey correctly and met the requirements of the researcher. In this study, a total of 106 participants completed the study. Before the survey was conducted, the respondents were taken through the details of the survey before they could give consent or decline. The reason they were chosen to take part in the study was that they were members of the Deliverance Center for all Nations Church and that they were of 18 years and above.
Further, they were informed of the candidate undertaking the research. Additionally, the researcher told the respondents that the objective of the study was to find out whether the church members sought pastoral counseling as a remedy for addressing mental health issues and whether pastoral counseling had a positive impact on the organization. The respondents were made aware that there was no benefit whatsoever of taking part in the research, and it was voluntary. The potential risks that the respondents would experience in the study were made known to them, which were the same risks one would encounter in their daily lives. The participants were informed that the information they gave would be confidential, and no one else will access them apart from the researcher. Possible contacts were availed to the respondents in case they intended to contact a third party regarding the research.
Once the participants had been taken through the details, they were asked whether they were willing to proceed with the survey or .
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Running head OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION1OPTIMIZAT.docx
1. Running head: OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION
1
OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION
21
Optimization of Tax Administration: Comment by 作者:
Add A Subtitle to Clarify the Focus of the Study – is there a
focus on e government?
George Chu
University of Southern California
Abstract
2. Thise research proposal provides for the reviews of the current
situation and previous literature on the problem challenges of
tax administration. The discovered issues include problems with
communication between public authorities and citizens, lack of
relevant information about the allocation and use of funds. The
review of the previous studies considered the approaches to the
optimization of tax administration. Within the behavioral
concept, the implementation of the e-government programs
deems reasonable and well grounded. The advanced
digitalization and widespread use of the social media require
integration of these tools to the public services. Among the
benefits of such measures are increased transparency, effective
communication, and cooperation between government and
taxpayers, motivation and empowerment of the citizens. The
research should be conducted with the help of online data
collection. The methods include the online questionnaire and
content analyses of social media posts. Comment by 作者:
Connect e government with tax administration more clearly
Keywords: tax administration, e-government, social media.
Optimization of Tax Administration
Introduction
The issue of taxation is essential for any society as it
constitutes a basis of a state and enables a government to
perform its primary functions. The citizens should provide a
part of their income to receive security, healthcare, education,
and other related services. The history of American taxation
system traces back its origin to the times of the Civil War when
Congress introduced the Revenue Act in 1861 ("U.S. Senate:
The Civil War: The Senate's Story", 2018). There was a
considerable scarcity of resources preventing the fight for
national values and ideals. It was necessary to impose
obligations on people to put the all the possible efforts together
and win the democracy. Some citizens opposed the taxation
policy, but the majority supported it with patriotic spirit. The
same happened during the period of the Great Depression and
3. the Second World War when most Americans voluntarily agreed
to pay high taxes and unite their efforts for the common purpose
(King, 2017).
Currently, the taxation administration features some problems,
including the just proportion of income tax, debates about
progressive and regressive systems, overall compliance and due
payment. People often complain about high tax rates and
inefficient application of the collected resources. The United
States has one of the most significant state debt (Chantrill,
2018). One of the main contentious issues relates to the
transparency of the information about taxpayers and the use of
the collected funds. The survey conducted in 2014 demonstrated
that 88% of Americans reaffirmed they are diligent taxpayers
and estimated that only 67% of the citizens observe the law
(Williamson, 2017). It means that people suspect each other in
concealing the real income and fraudulent schemes of avoiding
tax. “Most Americans imagine that recent immigrants get more
in government benefits than they pay in” (Williamson, 2017),
but they contribute to the Medicare and Social Security funds.
The businessmen with the annual incomes over million dollars
consider themselves the primary providers of the tax budget, but
middle-class payers are persuaded that they bear the harder
burden.
Moreover, many citizens do not understand or do not know the
principles of tax collection and blame the government for
stealing their money. “Taxes are withheld from paychecks,
hiding from plain sight the cost of federal spending and its
relationship to our earnings” (Bedard, 2010). Consequently, the
general problem relates to the necessity of optimization of the
tax administration system, particularly the aspect of public
informing and access to the relevant data.
The recent intensive development of innovative technologies
enables the application of the electronic systems within legal
practices. The modernization of the public services encompasses
implementation of the e-government programs and social
networks. Currently, people spend a lot of time browsing
4. Facebook and Twitter and receive news and relevant
information about political and related matters via these
channels. It is reasonable to use the platforms with high users’
concentration for spreading data about taxation. Therefore, the
narrower problem of the research is the possible employment of
the social media for increasing the public awareness about
collection and allocation of taxes.
Research questions
The ultimate goal of the research is to improve the tax
administration. It would be good to state the questions.
The first question is aimed to figure out whether the
implementation of the e-government program can foster
citizens` willingness to pay taxes and enhance satisfaction with
the quality of public service. Besides, it is necessary to
investigate the situation with the local government as it can
build closer and trustful relations with citizens.
The second question is whether improvements at the local level
can lead to better results at the federal one. Regarding the
widespread use of social media, it is needed to study their role
in optimization of taxation.
The third question aims to identify the most effective forms of
social media influence of providing relevant information to the
society. Besides, it is necessary to study the relationship
between citizens’ satisfaction and implementation of e-
government.
Literature review
In general, two approaches to the optimization of tax
compliance can be distinguished, namely economic and
behavioral (Simon & Clinton, 2002). According to the economic
concept, it is necessary to design strict rules set forth severe
punishment measures to prevent the possibilities of evasions
and force payers to observe the legislation. The economic
approach is based on the premise of human rationality and
desire to maximize personal income and wealth (Simon &
Clinton, 2002). Consequently, the economic analysis is regarded
as the main instrument within the concept. It considers evasion
5. of tax payments as leading reason for failed tax compliance
system. “They will not comply with the tax system unless the
benefits of doing so exceed the costs of not doing so in the form
of fines and penalties” (Simon & Clinton, 2002). Thus, the
stricter law enforcement measures are applied to improve the
situation.
In contrast, the behavioral approach presumes that there are
other external and internal factors influencing personal
motivation and intention to pay taxes. Among the factors are
listed the following ones: social support, social influence,
attitudes and certain background characteristics such as age,
gender, race and culture (Simon & Clinton, 2002). The
behavioral methods try to encourage voluntary willingness to
pay taxes and develop the idea of good citizen and cooperation
with the government. “Attitudes towards the state and revenue
authorities are important, as are perceptions of equity” (Simon
& Clinton, 2002). The realization of the behavioral concept
includes providing citizens with a detailed explanation of the
work of taxation systems, with access to the month and annual
reports on the collection and expenditure of funds. The
necessary level of transparency can be secured through the
electronic systems because they enable convenient access to the
open data for the millions of people, save time and resources
required for the provision and obtainment of the requested data
and are relatively simple to realize. The list of the e-government
benefits includes reduction digital divide by providing equal
access to information and empowerment of citizens by
interacting with them (Kolachalam, 2003). “An increased
number of countries have adopted cooperative compliance
models and soft law instruments such as engaging taxpayers
more in revenue management” (PwC, 2017). The reasons for
launching e-government are understandable and well grounded.
Still, the question of programs realization is more sensitive
because of the complicated process of transformation,
development of the appropriate software and provision of the
hardware, and teaching people to work with and use new
6. technologies. “The transformational impact of e-government
requires mobilizing internal resources particularly people to
implement changes through e-government initiatives”
(Chatfield, 2009).
The process of digitalization of governmental structure can
gradually result in establishing of e-governance. The transition
from e-government to e-governance can occur via involvement
of more modern technologies into this process. “E-governance
includes various aspects of deliberation and policy-making
connecting people with the political process and the way
governmental bodies carry out decisions” (Bergquist,
Ljungberg, Remneland & Rolandsson, 2017). The difference
between e-government and e-governance is in the principle of
power and control implementation. In case of e- governance,
innovations perform the role of additional facilitators. When it
comes to the e- government, it means that control and power are
executed within electronic systems including all the public
institutions. There are the following models of e-government
and e-governance: citizen-centric and organization-centric. The
citizen-centric e-government provides for achieving public
goals in a transparent manner (Bergquist, Ljungberg,
Remneland & Rolandsson, 2017). It means that different
institutions shall notify people about all the news and reforms
in beforehand maintaining the administratively correct manner.
The needs and requirements of the population are placed prior
to the purposes of the institution. On the contrary, the
organization-centric model aims to ensure high efficiency of the
authoritative agency. It is based on such key vales as
productivity, standardization, and control, which are guided by
a managerial logic. The citizen-centric e-governance is a
mediation of the relations between people and different
institutions. An organization-centric e-governance is related to
the responses to the citizens` needs under the new conditions
(Bergquist, Ljungberg, Remneland & Rolandsson, 2017).
The centralized digitalization of American public services
stared in the previous century with the invention of the iInternet
7. technology. Primarily, it focused on designing websites for
governmental agencies and organs to cover their activity and
establish communication with citizens. According to the report
of 2008, 89% of state and federal sites had services that were
fully executable online. However, the majority was not adjusted
for disabled people neither translated to other languages.
Another problem was difficult readability of the text and low
clarity of the published information (West, 2008). Modern
websites similarly are required to be more understandable and
should contain more data to support the transparent
accountability of the institutions. It is necessary to involve
other available chances of transmitting information like social
media.
The experience of the other countries of introduction e-
government systems and e-tax filling should be analyzed. For
example, the process of modernization with information
technologies began in Spain in the early 1980`s. In Mexico and
Canada, computerized systems developed about the decade later
and were based more heavily on local networks and
microcomputer technologies (Jenkins, 1996). Each country
chose its own way of development and achieved different
results. However, it is necessary to share the experience in
order to have the examples of the problem solutions or more
effective ways to implement decisions. In Spain, installation of
the e-government systems has been rapid, centralized and
enjoyed political backing. In effect, it reduced the taxpayers`
cost of compliance, but did not enhance tax coordination
(Jenkins, 1996). It can be explained by the difficulties faced by
people, who did not know how to work with electronic systems.
Measured by tax revenues collected, computerization has
probably not increased compliance, but has not affected
people`s perception of tax fairness (Jenkins, 1996). The early
systems could not provide the same level of transparency and
openness the modern ones can. The interfaces became more
user-friendly an additional functions as e-tax filling was added.
For instance, Japanese experience provides for implementation
8. of a new “tax consultation” method. It established a platform
for the consultation services necessary for taxpayers to file their
returns voluntarily and correctly (Chatfield, 2009). The
government applied the principle of cooperation with citizens
creating for them favorable conditions to comply with the law.
Indeed, many people can be unmotivated to pay taxes because
of confusion or lack of understanding of complicated financial
and bureaucratic procedures. The new method consisted of the
following steps: first, taxpayers were invited to visit the
governmental offices and the appointed date and time; second,
tax officers answer taxpayers’ questions about accounting
procedure or tax laws (Chatfield, 2009). The last visit was
aimed to practical training and officers teach citizens to fill in
accounting books and records, and calculate the sum of the tax.
“The idea behind this new tax consultation method was to
eliminate government influence and taxpayer dependence on the
government by encouraging taxpayer selfservice in filing
income tax returns” (Chatfield, 2009). In effect, it empowered
citizens to put their effort for the development of the state and
ensured them that their contributions are important and
meaningful. The strength of the patriotic spirit promoted good
relations between the people and public services. “By offering
the “e-Tax” channel choice, Japan government intended to
transform the bureaucratic tax public administration into a
modern, citizen-centric “service” organization, regain citizen
trust, and achieve the policy outcomes – better tax law
compliance in the globalized industrial nation of ageing
population” (Chatfield, 2009).
The innovative modifications in taxation field began in 1998
with the introduction of the “Internal Revenue Service
Restructuring and Reform Act” that was aimed to improve
public perception of the agency (Pippin S. & Tosun, 2014).
According to the report by the consulting company, despite
visible achievements in the digitalization of taxation, further
improvements are necessary. For example, US agencies do not
have a VAT and invoice-reporting system is not maintained
9. (Ernst & Young, 2015). The troubles of effective
communication with citizens should also be urgently solved.
In 2012, the US legislators designed a comprehensive Digital
Government Strategy aimed at delivering a better digital service
to the Americans. It stipulates the implementation of the
following projects of Streamlining Service Delivery and
Improving Customer Service, Delivering an Efficient, Effective,
and Accountable Government ("Digital Government Strategy,"
2012). The Executive Order mentions that Government should
ensure “a high return on every tax dollar that is spent”
(Executive Order 13576--Delivering an Efficient, Effective, and
Accountable Government, 2011). However, to keep the
guarantees is more complicated issue than declaring such
intentions. The matters of greater transparency continue to
worry American citizens. The cognitive dissonance could have
occurred in result of the overwhelming information flows.
People got used to receive any needed information through
Google or other researchers. The governmental data differs from
other public insights by its nature and meaning. Some
information cannot be posted immediately as it is necessary to
check it carefully or to proceed with several validation levels.
Regarding the integration of the social media into the process of
e-government, it provides for similar benefits, but on a larger
scale. Different social network, like Facebook, Twitter or
YouTube can ensure a higher level of transparency and effective
communication between authorities and citizens. The core
matter pertains to the new quality of the connection as it has
become faster, interactive, and personal. “The extent to which
an organization disseminates information about its activities and
their outcome and the inclination of the organization toward
evaluation and critique by external groups and individuals”
(Roy, 2014). The address to the Facebook page of some
governmental institution resembles the real visit and face-to-
face conversation with workers. The ability of social media to
create immediately an interactive and real-time dialogue is
beneficial for the improvement of the efficiency of bureaucratic
10. systems eliminating long hours of waiting and unnecessary
paper work. The application of the social media to public
services has caused the transition from New Public Management
influenced e-government practices, to a governance approach,
spurred by the digitalization of society (Bergquist, Ljungberg,
Remneland & Rolandsson, 2017). Public agencies employ tools
common to private sector management to provide better
satisfaction with the quality of service. These include business
process re-engineering, total quality management, customer
relationship management (Bergquist, Ljungberg, Remneland &
Rolandsson, 2017).
Besides better opportunities, the integration of the social media
into to the governmental activity provides for some challenges.
They are connected with the security measures and greater
pressure on the public agencies. As public sector organizations,
authorities are exposed to public scrutiny and are therefore held
accountable in a broad scale by the citizens (Bergquist,
Ljungberg, Remneland & Rolandsson, 2017). It is necessary to
respond to all the citizens inquires to meet the demands and
maintain positive public image. Another challenging aspect is
credibility in the environment of easy manipulations. “Trust
becomes an issue when ads on a government Facebook page
undermine or run contrary to the message or goal of the page.
Citizens may not know the difference between the social media
source and the government agency using it” (Margo, 2012).
Along with the digitalization of services, it is necessary to
educate citizens on verification of credibility of the
information. However, introduction of the validation sing in
social media seems to solve this problem.
The successful case of information dissemination via Twitter is
the spread of the announcements about the disease by the US
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Former President
Barack Obama popularized application of social media in
politics when he based his election campaign on Facebook and
Twitter platforms. He continued beyond the campaign,
promoting transparency and openness in government (Magro,
11. 2012). However, failure can also happen, and the expected
results may cost high expenditures and reputation. For instance,
Los Angeles County used Google mashups, but at the cost of
loss of control and authenticity of their message (Magro, 2012).
The operation of the social media account can be based on the
following models like an ideal one, rule compliance, civic
virtue, bureaucratic efficiency, and empowerment (Kaur &
Saini, 2016). Theoretically, the perfect model can be achieved,
but in practice, it is difficult to realize. The matter of data
security, appropriate technological basis, and skilled human
resources are necessary for launching such a model.
The advantages of using social media by the local authorities
include the mass redistribution of contents, making them more
accessible and the establishment of an open corporate dialogue
with citizens (Bonsón, Torres, Royo, & Flores, 2012). The
publications on websites and social account of the agencies can
be stored for an unlimited time and easily shared between users.
People can add them to their bookmarks or save conveniently to
find the information quickly when necessary. Creation of the
blog for local politicians and citizens will secure useful
discussion of the relevant problems and foster the solutions.
The corporate dialog enables all the users to participate directly
in the process of communication through the contribution of
contents, comments, tagging (Bonsón, Torres, Royo, & Flores,
2012). The recent research of the efficiency of local government
operation facilitated by social media demonstrated that the rates
of representation, civic engagement, and social networking has
significantly increased (Mergel, 2013).
Theoretical framework
Given the identified approaches of the tax administration
optimization, the proposed research will apply the behavioral
concept (Simon & Clinton, 2002), as it is aimed at developing
strategies of improving voluntary compliance and building
trustful relations with government and citizens. It provides for
regarding people as clients and receivers of services to establish
appropriate communication (Jenkins, 1996). Accordingly, it is
12. necessary to employ the tool of investigation used by
commercial structures to study the clients` behavior (Bergquist,
Ljungberg, Remneland & Rolandsson, 2017). The marketing
attributes including the user-friendly interface of the websites
or applications, the sufficiency of instruction and regularity of
notification and announcements should be researched. The
behavioral approach also requires studying the clients` habits
and peculiarities of using specific service. Consequently, for
taxation improvement, it is necessary to define the periods of
intensive use to prevent failures in operation and provide
immediate response in case of emergency. Comment by 作者:
What is the behavioral concept? Comment by 作者: Is this
methodology?
Methodology
Settings Comment by 作者: What geographic location?
The study aims to examine the role of social media in the
improvement of tax administration. The particular focus is
placed on local tax bureaus, as citizens address them more
often. Nowadays, every public office should have an official
account at least in one social network to cover its activity and
communicate with people. For this research, the following
social media were chosen: Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and
Instagram. Facebook and Twitter are positioned as platforms for
official communication of many companies and governmental
agencies.
Consequently, the primary audience of these networks is adult
citizens. YouTube features video content and is equally famous
among people of different age. Instagram is popular mainly
among young users, who are not taxpayers yet. Still, it is
strategically essential to establish a reasonable basis for the
prospective payers to encourage compliance and persuade them
inconvenience use of tax services. Therefore, the settings of the
proposed research include websites and social accounts of local
public offices.
Sample Comment by 作者: What is the population?
The sample of the proposed research should encompass citizens,
13. who pay taxes as they can evaluate their experience and point
out issues that need improvement. However, the prospective
taxpayers, namely students, can also be added to the list of
participants, as they are regular users of social media and can
suggest their expectation of appropriate online service. Non-
taxpayers can provide information about the current image and
perception of the tax administration in a social media
environment. The size of the sample should be as large as
possible because it will ensure the accuracy of the findings. The
application of online technologies and social media allows
collecting data from a significant number of users. Therefore,
the sample should include at least one thousand members. The
participants should feature geographical variety. It is important
to compare practices of regular areas and large cities as well as
of different states to evaluate variations between different kinds
of conditions. The sample should be divided into groups of
participants according to the gender, age, size of the taxed
income, geographical location.
Consequently, personal information will be collected together
with the necessary data about the user experience and quality of
tax services. It is essential to approach citizens online to
estimate the efficiency of spreading information through social
media. However, the older segment of the population should
also be regarded similarly as physically challenged people.
Citizens of older age are not active users of Facebook or
Twitter. Most of them do not have accounts on Instagram but
can watch YouTube videos. The segment of physically
challenged citizens often cannot use social media because they
are not adjusted for them. It is necessary to explore their
experience of using tax services and gathering information
about them.
Research Design
The proposed research should be arranged in two phases. The
first stage is an expert analysis of the websites and accounts of
tax agencies. The number of the studied objects should be
nearly one hundred. The usability of the websites, convenience
14. of navigation, the clarity and sufficiency of the instructions and
explanations or the possible transactions and procedures should
be evaluated. The transition between the websites and social
networks should also be examined. Usually, the icons with links
to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube are placed on the
top or bottom of the webpage. The excellent site for placement
of the icons can be left or right side after the main information
block. The signs are colored with their corporate colors for
better distinguishing. Comment by 作者: How is this
achieved?
On the other hand, official accounts should have links to the
agencies websites. Another essential feature is a validation sign
approving the official status. It is extremely desirable that users
could be able to identify that the account is credible and
belongs to the tax authorities. The content and individuals’
reaction to the posted information should also be analyzed. The
second stage of the study is the analysis of the users'
experience. It should be a practical experiment based on the
collection and analysis of feedbacks.
Concerning the time limits of the study, it should take
approximately several months to complete. The first stage
should last for two-three weeks necessary for collecting and
interpretation of the data. The researched period of the posts in
social media should encompass the whole previous year. The
second stage should last for five-six weeks to spread the
feedback forms and process the collected data.
Data collection
The methods of data collection should be divided into two
groups. The first one is a survey of the websites and social
accounts of tax agencies by the specialists. They are expected to
collect information from the open sources, process it and
interpret the findings. Notably, the researchers need to browse
social media pages, read posts and publications by the agencies
and the comments by the users. The quantitative data, namely
the number of the followers, replies, likes, and reposts should
be fixed. The second group is the method of online
15. questionnaires, which suggest users answer different questions
to evaluate the quality of the communication with tax agencies,
the convenience of using websites via computers and mobile
phones, the sufficiency of information published at the official
accounts in social media. The questionnaires should contain the
grading scale from one to ten points. The respondents are
required to evaluate the listed above attributes according to the
range meaning one for the lowest mark and ten for the highest
score. There also can be open questions asking for suggestions
of possible improvement and users` habits, namely what social
media they prefer to use, the time of visiting agencies` pages
and for what purposes do they usually address the accounts of
tax services. The online questionnaires can be spread through
different channels including social media, official websites,
traditional local media and printed versions at bureaus. It will
help to identify the preferred channel of the particular group of
people and suggest in what way to tailor information for them.
Another benefit of employing the diversified channels for
dissemination of the questionnaires is the possibility to reach
people of different ages and physical abilities.
Variables Comment by 作者: This is where you can draw a
research model
According to the theoretical framework, it is necessary to
identify the dependent and independent variables of the
research. “An independent variable is the variable that is
changed or controlled in a scientific experiment. A dependent
variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific
experiment” (Helmenstine, 2018). Given that, the users'
experience and satisfaction should be classified as dependent
variables. Besides, the experts' evaluations of the quality of
information, communication, and services should belong to the
group of the dependent. They measure the clarity and
sufficiency of the posted information, its usefulness for
understanding the current situation with taxes as these attributes
reflect users satisfaction with the activity of websites and social
accounts. These variables are expressed as follows: "excellent"
16. corresponds with 10-9 scores, "good" that is 8-7 scores,
"acceptable" corresponds with 6-5 scores, "unacceptable" means
4-3 scores and "bad" is 2-0 scores. The attributes of the
websites and social accounts fixed during the research period
should belong to the independent group, as they determine the
level of satisfaction. Mainly, the presence in the websites of the
following items should be analyzed: links to the four social
accounts (one point for each one and zero for absence), the
explanations of the whole range of procedures related to tax
payment, the regular monthly, quarterly and annually reports of
the tax collection and funds distribution, the statistics of the
efficiency of tax services and compliance policy.
Similarly, the availability (1 score) or absence (0 scores) of
some aspects of social account should be measured. For
Facebook, the independent items include the number of posts,
the type of the content (news, notifications, reports, statistics,
explanations), time of publications and average frequency for a
day, week, month, quarter or year during the researched period,
and the average time of reply. For Twitter, these should
encompass the number of tweets, types of tweets, replies,
followers, and frequency of publications. For Instagram, the
independent variables are the number of posts and types of
publications, number of followers, comments, and frequency.
The same is for YouTube. Comment by 作者: Provide a table
for variables and how they are measured
Data Analysis
According to the two stages of the research design, the data
should be analyzed similarly into two phases. The first part
collected by the experts from the open sources of websites and
social accounts should be processed with a content analysis
tool. It provides for quantitative and qualitative approaches.
First, it is necessary to check the availability of the above-listed
attributes of the websites (like transferring links, visible icons)
and social network accounts (thematic publications about news,
changes, reports) and calculate them (one score if available,
zero scores if absent). Then the received results should be
17. graded following the scale ranging from "excellent" to "bad."
The final rank of all the website and social accounts of different
local tax offices should be completed after that. The qualitative
analysis of the collected data provides for reading the
publications and comments, and identification of the clarity of
information, sentiments of the users' replies. The results of the
publications processing will demonstrate the level of
sufficiency of information. The distinguished sentiments of
comments and responses will show the level of satisfaction. In
effect, the positive or negative perception and attitude towards
tax administration within a social media environment can be
estimated.
The data collected through the questionnaires should be
analyzed with the statistical analysis. The rates of clarity and
sufficiency of information received by citizens through social
media should be calculated and then compared with the results
of the previous review. The same procedure of the qualitative
processing of the answers and suggestions should be held and
the results compared with the experts' opinion. The correlation
will demonstrate the statistical significance of the findings. The
subsequent interpretation of the ultimate results is required.
These data should be processed with methods of statistical
analyses, and the obtained results should be interpreted and
discussed.
Limitations
The limitations of the proposed research can be incorrect data
provided by the respondents concerning their taxed income or
other questions. It may distort the information about tendencies
in tax compliance among the particular social group. Another
point relates to the variety of survey participants. The
questionnaire can be filled out mostly by active users of social
media, and the opinion of other citizens will not be taken into
account.
Ethics
Concerning the ethical aspect of the research, the questionnaires
should be anonymous and include the possibility to skip
18. questions. The appropriate security and confidentiality of the
received data should be ensured. The preface of the surveys
should contain a brief explanation of the purposes and
procedure of the research to inform the participants. The request
to give the informed consent should be placed after explanation.
References
Bedard, P. (2010). 10 Problems with the Income Tax. Retrieved
from https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-
whispers/2010/04/12/10-problems-with-the-income-tax
Bergquist, M. Ljungberg, J. Remneland, B. & Rolandsson, B.
(2017). "From E-Government to Egovernance: Social Media and
Public Authorities Legitimacy Work". In Proceedings of the
25th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS),
Guimarães, Portugal, June 5-10, 2017 (pp. 858-872). ISBN 978-
989-20-7655-3 Research Papers.
Bonsón, E., Torres, L., Royo, S., & Flores, F. (2012). Local e-
government 2.0: Social media and corporate transparency in
municipalities. Government Information Quarterly, 29(2), 123-
132. doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2011.10.001
Chantrill, C. (2018). Government Debt in the United States -
Debt Clock. Retrieved from https://www.usgovernmentdebt.us/
Chatfield, A. T. (2009). Public Service Reform through e-
Government: a Case Study of 'e-Tax' in Japan. Electronic
Journal of e-Government 7(2), 135 – 146. Retrieved from
www.ejeg.com
Digital Government Strategy. (2012). Retrieved from
https://www.state.gov/digitalstrategy/
Ernst & Young. (2015). Tax administration is going digital:
Understanding the challenges and opportunities. Retrieved from
https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-tax-
administration-is-going-digital-understanding-the-
challenges/$FILE/EY-tax-administration-is-going-digital.pdf
James, Simon & Alley, Clinton, 2002. "Tax compliance, self-
assessment and tax administration," MPRA Paper 26906,
University Library of Munich, Germany.
19. Helmenstine, T. (2018). Understand the Difference Between
Independent and Dependent Variables. Retrieved from
https://www.thoughtco.com/independent-and-dependent-
variables-differences-606115
Jenkins, G. (1996). Information technology and innovation in
tax administration. The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
Kaur, R., & Saini, D. (2016). Social Networking and e-
Government: The Role & Its Impact. International Journal of
Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (,
5(3), 811-819. Retrieved from http://ijarcet.org/wp-
content/uploads/IJARCET-VOL-5-ISSUE-3-811-819.pdf
King, E. (2017). Americans' Feelings About Paying Taxes Have
Changed. Here's How. Time. Retrieved from
http://time.com/4742304/american-tax-attitudes-evolution/
Kolachalam, S. (2003). An Overview of E-Government [Ebook]
(pp. 1-12). University of Bologna. Retrieved from
http://riviste.paviauniversitypress.it/index.php/ea/article/viewFi
le/1227/1334The White House. Executive Order 13576--
Delivering an Efficient, Effective, and Accountable Government
(2011). Washington.
Magro, M. (2012). A Review of Social Media Use in E-
Government. Administrative Sciences, 2(2), 148-161. doi:
10.3390/admsci2020148
Mergel, I. (2013). Social media adoption and resulting tactics in
the U.S. federal government. Government Information
Quarterly, 30(2), 123-130. doi: 10.1016/j.giq.2012.12.004
Pippin S. & Tosun M. (2014). Electronic Tax Filing in the
United States: An Analysis of Possible Success factors.
Electronic Journal of e-Government, 12 (1), 22-38. Retrieved
from www.ejeg.com
PwC. (2017). Digital Transformation of Tax Administration (pp.
1-35). Retrieved from
https://www.pwc.nl/nl/assets/documents/pwc-digital-
transformation-tax-oct2017.pdf
Roy, D. (2014). Role of Social Media in E- Government. New
Man International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 1(4),
20. 50-54. Retrieved from
http://www.newmanpublication.com/br/08.pdf
U.S. Senate: The Civil War: The Senate's Story. (2018).
Retrieved from
https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/civil_war
/RevenueAct_FeaturedDoc.htm
West, D. (2008). State and Federal Electronic Government in
the United States [Ebook] (pp. 1-17). Brookings Institution.
Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-
content/uploads/2012/04/0826_egovernment_west.pdf
Williamson, V. (2017). Americans are proud to pay taxes —
except when they think others are cheating. The Washington
Post. Retrieved from
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-
cage/wp/2017/04/18/americans-are-proud-to-pay-taxes-except-
when-they-think-others-are-cheating/?utm_term=.4c63abcb2260
Prospectus Assessment
General Grading Criteria + = Excellent
0 = Acceptable
- = Needs work
Content
Information and Relevant Material
0
Argumentation
Argumentation Support, Clarity of Main Points
0
Organization
Strong Introduction, Paragraph Formation, Flow and Overall
Cohesion
21. +
Style
Writing, Word Choice
0
Format
Paper Formatted Correctly: 12 point font, APA
0
Specific Areas of Assessment (With Some Variations on
Individual Assignments)
Needs Attention
Acceptable
Excellent
Contribution to Literature
x
Concepts explained accurately and properly
x
Suggested areas needed for research (hypothesis development)
x
Overall Comments
This is a good project, but some clarity is needed regarding
what assessment is taking place and why. The literature review
is quite good, but there needs to be a focus. The
methodological questions need to focus on scope and temporal
domains.
The research questions need to be stated: variables need to be
connected, and methods needs to be identified for the