Digital government initiatives aim to address complex societal problems, but often encounter wicked problems themselves. This special issue examines how digital technologies interact with and influence wicked problems in several domains:
- Open data policies must consider context-specific factors to create value while reducing negative effects of open data initiatives.
- Smart grid investments face uncertainties around costs and benefits, requiring policy simulations to understand problems and develop recommendations.
- Crisis management demands expedient responses amid hyper-uncertainty, emphasizing transparency of search and rescue processes.
- Public health emergencies involve cross-border collaboration challenges and unintended consequences, highlighting the need for effective community networks and communication technologies.
- Digital divides persist but smartphones have helped narrow gaps, suggesting access
Enhancing transparency and accountability mechanisms that directly empower citizens to better participate in decision-making processes of government and international donors is an imperative to achieving better and more sustainable development results on the ground. This paper analyzes the emerging Open Development Paradigm and investigates to what extent such a new approach towards citizen-centered development can make development programs more effective, responsive and inclusive. It provides concrete case studies of open governance programs that enhance the transparency and accountability of development agencies and foster the collaboration among all development actors in order to achieve better development outcomes and enhance the well-being of the poor.
Innovation by putting purpose into practiceThei Geurts
Policies expressed in legislation are the basis upon which public services are built. Therefore one would expect that legislation and innovative use of legislation is a key element in eGovernment initiatives. However, it almost seems that policies and their expressions in legislation live in a parallel universe of the eGovernment universe. eGovernment initiatives usually don’t make a direct connection between purpose (intended effect) and practice (operations and outcome). This affects the overall ability of governments to execute policies and the sustainability of eGovernment initiatives. We conclude that innovation by putting purpose into practice is a game changing Megatrend, a trend that has already started, as research and case studies proof. The ‘alternative’ for not engaging in this trend is unacceptable long cycle times, eroded agility, affected governance and compliance, high costs which are multiplied by doing the same in multiple places, evitable administrative burdens and red tape, decreased productivity gains of rare resources, and various forms of sub-optimization.
Putting purpose into practice by synthesizing policy making and policy execution yields considerable economic and social benefits, as initiatives in The Netherlands proof.
14 days agoDaniel Scott Information Technology Collapse.docxdrennanmicah
14 days ago
Daniel Scott
Information Technology
Collapse
Informed decision-making is an important aspect for working in the government. According to Milakovich and Gordon, provide some examples of how information technology can be used to assist bureaucrats in decision-making?
Bureaucrats are neither able to anticipate every significant problem nor does the government consistently attempt to respond to problems prior to the problem reaching heightened levels. In many situations, aAbsent national security or natural disaster concerns, the national government lacks consistency in its response policy to address specific problems that arise. Thus government usually has to respond, instead of being in a position of being proactive, to such things as earthquakes, wild fires, floods and terror attacks/attempts. (Milakovich, M. E., & Gordon, G. J., pg. 376).
As noted in our text readings; Frederick Taylor asserted a singular best practices approach to complete a task, absent consideration of the outside political impact or inside organizational dynamics; Max Weber failed to fully consider the inefficiency and misdirection of the organization; and Woodrow Wilson theorized a separation of politics and administration could be achieved. The culmination of these beliefs from founding scholars within the field, coupled with others, gave birth to oppositional schools of thought and ultimately an increase in citizen choice, participation and involvement with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), community service organizations, faith-based and nonprofit agencies. (Milakovich, M. E., & Gordon, G. J., pg. 382). I contend that information technology also played a role in the spread of information that made it easier for citizens/participants/recipients to become more aware on issues and in turn provide information or feedback in various forms of data that is used by decision makers. It has also increased awareness and afforded these various groups to share information, galvanize positions which impact bureaucracy decisions. At the core of bureaucracy plans is to have an organization that achieves what it was designed to achieve. Information technology can facilitate that goal set by the organization.
Information technology afforded the government bureaucrats the ability to resolve known and unknown problem that arise. The Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycle affords Bureaucrats the ability to plan, respond, study and act. Specifically data gathering, afforded by technology, affords the decision maker an opportunity to make a systematic investigation of alternative options and integrate evidence for and against each option.
Time-trend projection which affords the decision maker the ability to compare pre-program date with actual postprogram data of projects is another method. Information data can be accumulated over extended periods of time and allow for the creation of projection, then the decision maker can compare the actual r.
Assessing the regulatory challenges of emerging disruptive technologiesAraz Taeihagh
The past decade has witnessed the emergence of many technologies that have the potential to fundamentally alter our economic, social, and indeed personal lives. The problems they pose are in many ways unprecedented, posing serious challenges for policymakers. How should governments respond to the challenges given that the technologies are still evolving with unclear trajectories? Are there general principles that can be developed to design governance arrangements for these technologies? These are questions confronting policymakers around the world and it is the objective of this special issue to offer insights into answering them both in general and with respect to specific emerging disruptive technologies. Our objectives are to help better understand the regulatory challenges posed by disruptive technologies and to develop generalizable propositions for governments' responses to them.
A Strategy Framework For the Risk Assessment And Mitigation For Large E-Gover...ijmvsc
Globally, e-Government has become an effective tool for civic transformation. In the recent years eGovernment development gained significant momentum despite the financial crisis that crippled the world economy. For most of the governments, the crisis was a wakeup call to become more transparent
and efficient. In addition, there is a growing demand for governments to transform from traditional agency/department centric approach to “Citizen-Centric” approach. This transformation is expected to enhance the quality of life of citizens in terms of greater convenience in availing government services. Eventually this would result in higher levels of citizen satisfaction and improved trust in government.
Enhancing transparency and accountability mechanisms that directly empower citizens to better participate in decision-making processes of government and international donors is an imperative to achieving better and more sustainable development results on the ground. This paper analyzes the emerging Open Development Paradigm and investigates to what extent such a new approach towards citizen-centered development can make development programs more effective, responsive and inclusive. It provides concrete case studies of open governance programs that enhance the transparency and accountability of development agencies and foster the collaboration among all development actors in order to achieve better development outcomes and enhance the well-being of the poor.
Innovation by putting purpose into practiceThei Geurts
Policies expressed in legislation are the basis upon which public services are built. Therefore one would expect that legislation and innovative use of legislation is a key element in eGovernment initiatives. However, it almost seems that policies and their expressions in legislation live in a parallel universe of the eGovernment universe. eGovernment initiatives usually don’t make a direct connection between purpose (intended effect) and practice (operations and outcome). This affects the overall ability of governments to execute policies and the sustainability of eGovernment initiatives. We conclude that innovation by putting purpose into practice is a game changing Megatrend, a trend that has already started, as research and case studies proof. The ‘alternative’ for not engaging in this trend is unacceptable long cycle times, eroded agility, affected governance and compliance, high costs which are multiplied by doing the same in multiple places, evitable administrative burdens and red tape, decreased productivity gains of rare resources, and various forms of sub-optimization.
Putting purpose into practice by synthesizing policy making and policy execution yields considerable economic and social benefits, as initiatives in The Netherlands proof.
14 days agoDaniel Scott Information Technology Collapse.docxdrennanmicah
14 days ago
Daniel Scott
Information Technology
Collapse
Informed decision-making is an important aspect for working in the government. According to Milakovich and Gordon, provide some examples of how information technology can be used to assist bureaucrats in decision-making?
Bureaucrats are neither able to anticipate every significant problem nor does the government consistently attempt to respond to problems prior to the problem reaching heightened levels. In many situations, aAbsent national security or natural disaster concerns, the national government lacks consistency in its response policy to address specific problems that arise. Thus government usually has to respond, instead of being in a position of being proactive, to such things as earthquakes, wild fires, floods and terror attacks/attempts. (Milakovich, M. E., & Gordon, G. J., pg. 376).
As noted in our text readings; Frederick Taylor asserted a singular best practices approach to complete a task, absent consideration of the outside political impact or inside organizational dynamics; Max Weber failed to fully consider the inefficiency and misdirection of the organization; and Woodrow Wilson theorized a separation of politics and administration could be achieved. The culmination of these beliefs from founding scholars within the field, coupled with others, gave birth to oppositional schools of thought and ultimately an increase in citizen choice, participation and involvement with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), community service organizations, faith-based and nonprofit agencies. (Milakovich, M. E., & Gordon, G. J., pg. 382). I contend that information technology also played a role in the spread of information that made it easier for citizens/participants/recipients to become more aware on issues and in turn provide information or feedback in various forms of data that is used by decision makers. It has also increased awareness and afforded these various groups to share information, galvanize positions which impact bureaucracy decisions. At the core of bureaucracy plans is to have an organization that achieves what it was designed to achieve. Information technology can facilitate that goal set by the organization.
Information technology afforded the government bureaucrats the ability to resolve known and unknown problem that arise. The Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycle affords Bureaucrats the ability to plan, respond, study and act. Specifically data gathering, afforded by technology, affords the decision maker an opportunity to make a systematic investigation of alternative options and integrate evidence for and against each option.
Time-trend projection which affords the decision maker the ability to compare pre-program date with actual postprogram data of projects is another method. Information data can be accumulated over extended periods of time and allow for the creation of projection, then the decision maker can compare the actual r.
Assessing the regulatory challenges of emerging disruptive technologiesAraz Taeihagh
The past decade has witnessed the emergence of many technologies that have the potential to fundamentally alter our economic, social, and indeed personal lives. The problems they pose are in many ways unprecedented, posing serious challenges for policymakers. How should governments respond to the challenges given that the technologies are still evolving with unclear trajectories? Are there general principles that can be developed to design governance arrangements for these technologies? These are questions confronting policymakers around the world and it is the objective of this special issue to offer insights into answering them both in general and with respect to specific emerging disruptive technologies. Our objectives are to help better understand the regulatory challenges posed by disruptive technologies and to develop generalizable propositions for governments' responses to them.
A Strategy Framework For the Risk Assessment And Mitigation For Large E-Gover...ijmvsc
Globally, e-Government has become an effective tool for civic transformation. In the recent years eGovernment development gained significant momentum despite the financial crisis that crippled the world economy. For most of the governments, the crisis was a wakeup call to become more transparent
and efficient. In addition, there is a growing demand for governments to transform from traditional agency/department centric approach to “Citizen-Centric” approach. This transformation is expected to enhance the quality of life of citizens in terms of greater convenience in availing government services. Eventually this would result in higher levels of citizen satisfaction and improved trust in government.
A Strategy Framework For the Risk Assessment And Mitigation For Large E-Gover...ijmvsc
Globally, e-Government has become an effective tool for civic transformation. In the recent years eGovernment development gained significant momentum despite the financial crisis that crippled the world economy. For most of the governments, the crisis was a wakeup call to become more transparent
and efficient. In addition, there is a growing demand for governments to transform from traditional agency/department centric approach to “Citizen-Centric” approach. This transformation is expected to enhance the quality of life of citizens in terms of greater convenience in availing government services. Eventually this would result in higher levels of citizen satisfaction and improved trust in government
A Strategy Framework For the Risk Assessment And Mitigation For Large E-Gover...ijmvsc
Globally, e-Government has become an effective tool for civic transformation. In the recent years eGovernment development gained significant momentum despite the financial crisis that crippled the world economy. For most of the governments, the crisis was a wakeup call to become more transparent and efficient. In addition, there is a growing demand for governments to transform from traditional agency/department centric approach to “Citizen-Centric” approach. This transformation is expected to enhance the quality of life of citizens in terms of greater convenience in availing government services. Eventually this would result in higher levels of citizen satisfaction and improved trust in government. However, projects of such scale and complexity, faces numerous roadblocks which eventually hamper its potential to deliver the intended benefits to the citizens. The success of these programmes calls for strategic direction, policy making and greater coordination among multiple agencies, following a uniform approach in achieving the vision. This necessitates a strategic framework comprehensive enough to visualize and enable the leaders in addressing the potential roadblocks or resistance. This report presents the outcome of a research to define a strategic framework that models the opposing and propelling forces dormant during a project time. This would help the strategic decision makers to visualize each project as a whole and take quick decisions in the areas that need additional thrust, to ensure that the initiatives achieve the envisaged goals.
Discussion 1Supportive Living Retirement Arrangement [WLO 4] [CVinaOconner450
Discussion 1
Supportive Living Retirement Arrangement [WLO: 4] [CLOs: 2, 4, 8]
Based on the assigned readings and additional research, select one supportive living retirement arrangement and critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses as to how effective the arrangement facilitates optimal functioning (cognitive, physical, psychological) and independence for older adults. Identify any modifications or changes you believe may address weaknesses of the arrangement or enhance its overall effectiveness. Respond by Day 3. Post should be at least 300 words.
Week 5 - Journal
Reflection Journal
[WLO: 3] [CLOs: 2, 4, 7, 8]
Reflect on how personal values affect aging, death and dying, sexual intimacy, productivity, and lifestyle choices.
The purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate your understanding of the how personal values affect perceptions of aging, death and dying, and sexual intimacy and lifestyle practices in the older adult years. For this assignment, you will write a reflection journal in which you apply the concepts you learned this week in the readings and share your own reflections as to how your personal values influence your perceptions and beliefs about at least two of these domains. Although this is a personal reflection, you must incorporate at least two citations of scholarly sources to support your entry.
Required Resources
Text
Bengtson, V. L., Gans, D., Putney, N. M., & Silverstein, M. (Eds.). (2016).
Handbook of theories of aging (3rd ed.). Springer.
· Chapter 27: Successful Aging
· Chapter 28: Coping, Optimal Aging, and Resilience in Sociocultural Context
· Chapter 29: Religion, Spirituality, and Aging
Articles
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., & Muraco, A. (2010). Aging and sexual orientation: A 25-year review of the literature.
Research on Aging, 32(3), 372-413. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027509360355
Jopp, D., & Smith, J. (2006). Resources and life-management strategies as determinants of successful aging: on the protective effect of selection, optimization, and compensation. Psychology and Aging, 21(2), 253- 265. https://doi.org/
North, M. S., & Fiske, S. T. (2013). Act your (old) age prescriptive, ageist biases over succession, consumption, and identity.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(6), 720-734. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213480043
Zhang, Y. B., Harwood, J., Williams, A., Ylänne-McEwen, V., Wadleigh, P. M., & Thimm, C. (2006). The portrayal of older adults in advertising: A cross-national review.
Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 25(3), 264-282. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X06289479
Multimedia
TED. (2012, April 19).
Laura Carstensen: Older people are happier (Links to an external site.) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gkdzkVbuVA
· In the 20th century we added an unprecedented number of years to our lifespans, but is the quality of life as good? Surprisingly ...
On the streets, on social networks and at the ballot box, people are voicing their discontent. They are worried about the environment. They are demanding social equality. They are advocating for better living and working conditions. And they are reacting to perceived institutional injustices. In short, they are angry at their leaders and they are making sure their voices are heard. This is not about a handful of radicals shouting from the wilderness. What we are witnessing is a massive shift in the ‘middle’. Indeed, the voices on the fringes of these issues largely remain shrill and extreme. What is changing is the quiet chorus of voices that make up the middle ground (i.e., the average voter).
For many governments, this upswelling of discontent could not be happening at a worse time. Public budgets are highly constrained (either by debt or by borrowing limits). Technologies are rapidly changing. New risks are emerging. And planning is becoming infinitely more complex. The pace of response from governments is proving to be inadequate.
Running head OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION1OPTIMIZAT.docxglendar3
Running head: OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION 1
OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION 21
Optimization of Tax Administration: Comment by 作者:
Add A Subtitle to Clarify the Focus of the Study – is there a focus on e government?
George Chu
University of Southern California
Abstract
Thise research proposal provides for the reviews of the current situation and previous literature on the problem challenges of tax administration. The discovered issues include problems with communication between public authorities and citizens, lack of relevant information about the allocation and use of funds. The review of the previous studies considered the approaches to the optimization of tax administration. Within the behavioral concept, the implementation of the e-government programs deems reasonable and well grounded. The advanced digitalization and widespread use of the social media require integration of these tools to the public services. Among the benefits of such measures are increased transparency, effective communication, and cooperation between government and taxpayers, motivation and empowerment of the citizens. The research should be conducted with the help of online data collection. The methods include the online questionnaire and content analyses of social media posts. Comment by 作者: Connect e government with tax administration more clearly
Keywords: tax administration, e-government, social media.
Optimization of Tax Administration
Introduction
The issue of taxation is essential for any society as it constitutes a basis of a state and enables a government to perform its primary functions. The citizens should provide a part of their income to receive security, healthcare, education, and other related services. The history of American taxation system traces back its origin to the times of the Civil War when Congress introduced the Revenue Act in 1861 ("U.S. Senate: The Civil War: The Senate's Story", 2018). There was a considerable scarcity of resources preventing the fight for national values and ideals. It was necessary to impose obligations on people to put the all the possible efforts together and win the democracy. Some citizens opposed the taxation policy, but the majority supported it with patriotic spirit. The same happened during the period of the Great Depression and the Second World War when most Americans voluntarily agreed to pay high taxes and unite their efforts for the common purpose (King, 2017).
Currently, the taxation administration features some problems, including the just proportion of income tax, debates about progressive and regressive systems, overall compliance and due payment. People often complain about high tax rates and inefficient application of the collected resources. The United States has one of the most significant state debt (Chantrill, 2018). One of the main contentious issues relates to the transparency of the information about taxpayers and the use of t.
Running head OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION1OPTIMIZAT.docxtodd581
Running head: OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION 1
OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION 21
Optimization of Tax Administration: Comment by 作者:
Add A Subtitle to Clarify the Focus of the Study – is there a focus on e government?
George Chu
University of Southern California
Abstract
Thise research proposal provides for the reviews of the current situation and previous literature on the problem challenges of tax administration. The discovered issues include problems with communication between public authorities and citizens, lack of relevant information about the allocation and use of funds. The review of the previous studies considered the approaches to the optimization of tax administration. Within the behavioral concept, the implementation of the e-government programs deems reasonable and well grounded. The advanced digitalization and widespread use of the social media require integration of these tools to the public services. Among the benefits of such measures are increased transparency, effective communication, and cooperation between government and taxpayers, motivation and empowerment of the citizens. The research should be conducted with the help of online data collection. The methods include the online questionnaire and content analyses of social media posts. Comment by 作者: Connect e government with tax administration more clearly
Keywords: tax administration, e-government, social media.
Optimization of Tax Administration
Introduction
The issue of taxation is essential for any society as it constitutes a basis of a state and enables a government to perform its primary functions. The citizens should provide a part of their income to receive security, healthcare, education, and other related services. The history of American taxation system traces back its origin to the times of the Civil War when Congress introduced the Revenue Act in 1861 ("U.S. Senate: The Civil War: The Senate's Story", 2018). There was a considerable scarcity of resources preventing the fight for national values and ideals. It was necessary to impose obligations on people to put the all the possible efforts together and win the democracy. Some citizens opposed the taxation policy, but the majority supported it with patriotic spirit. The same happened during the period of the Great Depression and the Second World War when most Americans voluntarily agreed to pay high taxes and unite their efforts for the common purpose (King, 2017).
Currently, the taxation administration features some problems, including the just proportion of income tax, debates about progressive and regressive systems, overall compliance and due payment. People often complain about high tax rates and inefficient application of the collected resources. The United States has one of the most significant state debt (Chantrill, 2018). One of the main contentious issues relates to the transparency of the information about taxpayers and the use of t.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL FACTORS WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT ENTITIES ON THE IMPLEMEN...ijmpict
The building of e-government has become a priority issue as well as a challenge for many local, state, and
federal government agencies worldwide. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is now widely
employed to help the governments transformation toward smart governments. Many critical success factors
(CSF) are there to determine the chance a transformation project can go-live. It has been noticed that the
implementation journey for IT solutions in the public sector has lots of barriers and challenges which lead
to low success rate of projects. This study examines the effect of the Ease of Delivery of the implementation
journey on the Success of Delivery. The result shows that the Ease of Delivery is positively related to the
Success of Delivery. The result of this study has the potential to increase the success rate of IT projects in
government sector by shedding the light on the most important factors affecting the delivery journey for egovernment projects
eGovernment measurement for policy makersePractice.eu
Author: Jeremy Millard.
The eGovernment policy focus has moved over the last five years from being mainly concerned with efficiency to being concerned both with efficiency and effectiveness. This paper examines the current and future development of eGovernment policy making, and the critical role that measurement and impact analysis has in it.
2Running Head THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR.docxrhetttrevannion
2
Running Head: THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
2
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Name
Institution Affiliations
Abstract
Social media include blogs, microblogs and even electronic social networks. They are generally believed to have transformed the manner in which individuals relate with each other. This applied research assessment which therefore explore on the influence of social media in the public sector. Within the public sector, there are prevalent evidences which justify the impact of the social media in the public sector. There have been numerous cases in which individuals have a norm to communications within the noticeable one-way fashion for several decades. This applied research will explore various aspects on how social media has influenced the public sector. Besides, it will navigate how social media has entirely contributed to the growth of the public sector both in negative and positive effects. This will include the review of the literature of what other researchers have done on the topic. Comment by Tiffany H: This applied research assessment explores the influence of social media in the public sector. Comment by Tiffany H: And will navigate through how social media Comment by Tiffany H: Should this start with besides?
Table of Contents
· Problem or Issue Statement.
· Introduction.
· Review of Literature.
· Research Methodology.
· Findings.
· Analysis.
· Recommendations.
· References.
Problem or Issue Statement
Government agencies have gradually but progressively adopted social technologies to execute their tasks better. Such social technologies can accumulatively reengineer the old model of the public sector. This is due to the fact they facilitate substantial chances to accelerating the transparency as well as prevalence within the government agencies and its departments. It besides can increase the trustworthy in government from its respective citizens. Through social media, there can be creation of new forms of participation of citizens as well as the engagement in public issues. Besides, social media has enhanced both intra-organizational and inter-organizational collaboration. There is therefore an essential need to look into various ways that the social media have really enhanced an achievement of such empirical formalities within the government structure hence developing the citizen-government relationship. Comment by Tiffany H: Accelerate the transparency of what? Comment by Tiffany H: Remove Comment by Tiffany H: has
From a contextual perspective, it is evident to state that the relationship and collaboration between the government and the citizen have been greatly altered, advanced by the use of social media. In addition, this has heightened the participation of the citizens in most of the government projects which have been overseen and controlled by the government offices. The .
Dr. Tri Widodo W. Utomo, SH.,MA
Deputi Kajian Kebijakan dan Inovasi Administrasi LAN
Pengajar Program Doktor Terapan Ilmu Administrasi, Politeknik STIA LAN
Disampaikan pada Kuliah Umum Program Doktor Ilmu Administrasi UNTAG Surabaya
10 Oktober 2020
Citizen participation is also sometimes seen as a solution to a quite different problem: shoring up the democratic legitimacy of governance processes. Representative democratic governance now faces several critical legitimating problems
Political (In)Stability and Public Policy Transplantation: a Macedonian Casejpsjournal1
In recent years, a set of new post-empiricist advances to public policy, drawing on discursive analyses and
participatory, deliberative practices, have come to challenge the leading technocratic, empiricist models in
policy analyses. According to Pessali, the transplantation of public policies is an influential instrument in
the hands of economic development – important as it may be, transplantation may not be inevitably
successful, therefore not always looked for. There are good economic reasons to consider the practice of
grafting in public policy transplants, i.e., consideration for the specific cities of existing local institutions
and how they may interact with a set of predominant policy requirements and guidelines. By taking into
account Pessali's alternative method that institutionalizes some sort of cooperation between policy makers
and stakeholders, in contrast with some other common variants of the policy transplantation method, we
discuss an architecture for public policy inputs in a country context, which may help to avoid some of the
underlying risks of standard transplantation architectures. The article concludes that the “transplantation
metaphor” can be a powerful tool in organizing our thoughts and framing our decisions, which can lead to
better use of it for the purposes of public policy design in societies only in cases of political stability.
Towards a sustainable e-Participation implementation model ePractice.eu
Author: M. Sirajul Islam.
This paper proposes a framework for an effective e-Participation model that can be suitable under certain socio-economic settings and applicable to any country. Most of such previous initiatives were experimental in nature and lacked in both public awareness and clearly defined expected outcomes.
A Strategy Framework For the Risk Assessment And Mitigation For Large E-Gover...ijmvsc
Globally, e-Government has become an effective tool for civic transformation. In the recent years eGovernment development gained significant momentum despite the financial crisis that crippled the world economy. For most of the governments, the crisis was a wakeup call to become more transparent
and efficient. In addition, there is a growing demand for governments to transform from traditional agency/department centric approach to “Citizen-Centric” approach. This transformation is expected to enhance the quality of life of citizens in terms of greater convenience in availing government services. Eventually this would result in higher levels of citizen satisfaction and improved trust in government
A Strategy Framework For the Risk Assessment And Mitigation For Large E-Gover...ijmvsc
Globally, e-Government has become an effective tool for civic transformation. In the recent years eGovernment development gained significant momentum despite the financial crisis that crippled the world economy. For most of the governments, the crisis was a wakeup call to become more transparent and efficient. In addition, there is a growing demand for governments to transform from traditional agency/department centric approach to “Citizen-Centric” approach. This transformation is expected to enhance the quality of life of citizens in terms of greater convenience in availing government services. Eventually this would result in higher levels of citizen satisfaction and improved trust in government. However, projects of such scale and complexity, faces numerous roadblocks which eventually hamper its potential to deliver the intended benefits to the citizens. The success of these programmes calls for strategic direction, policy making and greater coordination among multiple agencies, following a uniform approach in achieving the vision. This necessitates a strategic framework comprehensive enough to visualize and enable the leaders in addressing the potential roadblocks or resistance. This report presents the outcome of a research to define a strategic framework that models the opposing and propelling forces dormant during a project time. This would help the strategic decision makers to visualize each project as a whole and take quick decisions in the areas that need additional thrust, to ensure that the initiatives achieve the envisaged goals.
Discussion 1Supportive Living Retirement Arrangement [WLO 4] [CVinaOconner450
Discussion 1
Supportive Living Retirement Arrangement [WLO: 4] [CLOs: 2, 4, 8]
Based on the assigned readings and additional research, select one supportive living retirement arrangement and critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses as to how effective the arrangement facilitates optimal functioning (cognitive, physical, psychological) and independence for older adults. Identify any modifications or changes you believe may address weaknesses of the arrangement or enhance its overall effectiveness. Respond by Day 3. Post should be at least 300 words.
Week 5 - Journal
Reflection Journal
[WLO: 3] [CLOs: 2, 4, 7, 8]
Reflect on how personal values affect aging, death and dying, sexual intimacy, productivity, and lifestyle choices.
The purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate your understanding of the how personal values affect perceptions of aging, death and dying, and sexual intimacy and lifestyle practices in the older adult years. For this assignment, you will write a reflection journal in which you apply the concepts you learned this week in the readings and share your own reflections as to how your personal values influence your perceptions and beliefs about at least two of these domains. Although this is a personal reflection, you must incorporate at least two citations of scholarly sources to support your entry.
Required Resources
Text
Bengtson, V. L., Gans, D., Putney, N. M., & Silverstein, M. (Eds.). (2016).
Handbook of theories of aging (3rd ed.). Springer.
· Chapter 27: Successful Aging
· Chapter 28: Coping, Optimal Aging, and Resilience in Sociocultural Context
· Chapter 29: Religion, Spirituality, and Aging
Articles
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I., & Muraco, A. (2010). Aging and sexual orientation: A 25-year review of the literature.
Research on Aging, 32(3), 372-413. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027509360355
Jopp, D., & Smith, J. (2006). Resources and life-management strategies as determinants of successful aging: on the protective effect of selection, optimization, and compensation. Psychology and Aging, 21(2), 253- 265. https://doi.org/
North, M. S., & Fiske, S. T. (2013). Act your (old) age prescriptive, ageist biases over succession, consumption, and identity.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(6), 720-734. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213480043
Zhang, Y. B., Harwood, J., Williams, A., Ylänne-McEwen, V., Wadleigh, P. M., & Thimm, C. (2006). The portrayal of older adults in advertising: A cross-national review.
Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 25(3), 264-282. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X06289479
Multimedia
TED. (2012, April 19).
Laura Carstensen: Older people are happier (Links to an external site.) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gkdzkVbuVA
· In the 20th century we added an unprecedented number of years to our lifespans, but is the quality of life as good? Surprisingly ...
On the streets, on social networks and at the ballot box, people are voicing their discontent. They are worried about the environment. They are demanding social equality. They are advocating for better living and working conditions. And they are reacting to perceived institutional injustices. In short, they are angry at their leaders and they are making sure their voices are heard. This is not about a handful of radicals shouting from the wilderness. What we are witnessing is a massive shift in the ‘middle’. Indeed, the voices on the fringes of these issues largely remain shrill and extreme. What is changing is the quiet chorus of voices that make up the middle ground (i.e., the average voter).
For many governments, this upswelling of discontent could not be happening at a worse time. Public budgets are highly constrained (either by debt or by borrowing limits). Technologies are rapidly changing. New risks are emerging. And planning is becoming infinitely more complex. The pace of response from governments is proving to be inadequate.
Running head OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION1OPTIMIZAT.docxglendar3
Running head: OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION 1
OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION 21
Optimization of Tax Administration: Comment by 作者:
Add A Subtitle to Clarify the Focus of the Study – is there a focus on e government?
George Chu
University of Southern California
Abstract
Thise research proposal provides for the reviews of the current situation and previous literature on the problem challenges of tax administration. The discovered issues include problems with communication between public authorities and citizens, lack of relevant information about the allocation and use of funds. The review of the previous studies considered the approaches to the optimization of tax administration. Within the behavioral concept, the implementation of the e-government programs deems reasonable and well grounded. The advanced digitalization and widespread use of the social media require integration of these tools to the public services. Among the benefits of such measures are increased transparency, effective communication, and cooperation between government and taxpayers, motivation and empowerment of the citizens. The research should be conducted with the help of online data collection. The methods include the online questionnaire and content analyses of social media posts. Comment by 作者: Connect e government with tax administration more clearly
Keywords: tax administration, e-government, social media.
Optimization of Tax Administration
Introduction
The issue of taxation is essential for any society as it constitutes a basis of a state and enables a government to perform its primary functions. The citizens should provide a part of their income to receive security, healthcare, education, and other related services. The history of American taxation system traces back its origin to the times of the Civil War when Congress introduced the Revenue Act in 1861 ("U.S. Senate: The Civil War: The Senate's Story", 2018). There was a considerable scarcity of resources preventing the fight for national values and ideals. It was necessary to impose obligations on people to put the all the possible efforts together and win the democracy. Some citizens opposed the taxation policy, but the majority supported it with patriotic spirit. The same happened during the period of the Great Depression and the Second World War when most Americans voluntarily agreed to pay high taxes and unite their efforts for the common purpose (King, 2017).
Currently, the taxation administration features some problems, including the just proportion of income tax, debates about progressive and regressive systems, overall compliance and due payment. People often complain about high tax rates and inefficient application of the collected resources. The United States has one of the most significant state debt (Chantrill, 2018). One of the main contentious issues relates to the transparency of the information about taxpayers and the use of t.
Running head OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION1OPTIMIZAT.docxtodd581
Running head: OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION 1
OPTIMIZATION OF TAX ADMINISTRATION 21
Optimization of Tax Administration: Comment by 作者:
Add A Subtitle to Clarify the Focus of the Study – is there a focus on e government?
George Chu
University of Southern California
Abstract
Thise research proposal provides for the reviews of the current situation and previous literature on the problem challenges of tax administration. The discovered issues include problems with communication between public authorities and citizens, lack of relevant information about the allocation and use of funds. The review of the previous studies considered the approaches to the optimization of tax administration. Within the behavioral concept, the implementation of the e-government programs deems reasonable and well grounded. The advanced digitalization and widespread use of the social media require integration of these tools to the public services. Among the benefits of such measures are increased transparency, effective communication, and cooperation between government and taxpayers, motivation and empowerment of the citizens. The research should be conducted with the help of online data collection. The methods include the online questionnaire and content analyses of social media posts. Comment by 作者: Connect e government with tax administration more clearly
Keywords: tax administration, e-government, social media.
Optimization of Tax Administration
Introduction
The issue of taxation is essential for any society as it constitutes a basis of a state and enables a government to perform its primary functions. The citizens should provide a part of their income to receive security, healthcare, education, and other related services. The history of American taxation system traces back its origin to the times of the Civil War when Congress introduced the Revenue Act in 1861 ("U.S. Senate: The Civil War: The Senate's Story", 2018). There was a considerable scarcity of resources preventing the fight for national values and ideals. It was necessary to impose obligations on people to put the all the possible efforts together and win the democracy. Some citizens opposed the taxation policy, but the majority supported it with patriotic spirit. The same happened during the period of the Great Depression and the Second World War when most Americans voluntarily agreed to pay high taxes and unite their efforts for the common purpose (King, 2017).
Currently, the taxation administration features some problems, including the just proportion of income tax, debates about progressive and regressive systems, overall compliance and due payment. People often complain about high tax rates and inefficient application of the collected resources. The United States has one of the most significant state debt (Chantrill, 2018). One of the main contentious issues relates to the transparency of the information about taxpayers and the use of t.
THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL FACTORS WITHIN THE GOVERNMENT ENTITIES ON THE IMPLEMEN...ijmpict
The building of e-government has become a priority issue as well as a challenge for many local, state, and
federal government agencies worldwide. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is now widely
employed to help the governments transformation toward smart governments. Many critical success factors
(CSF) are there to determine the chance a transformation project can go-live. It has been noticed that the
implementation journey for IT solutions in the public sector has lots of barriers and challenges which lead
to low success rate of projects. This study examines the effect of the Ease of Delivery of the implementation
journey on the Success of Delivery. The result shows that the Ease of Delivery is positively related to the
Success of Delivery. The result of this study has the potential to increase the success rate of IT projects in
government sector by shedding the light on the most important factors affecting the delivery journey for egovernment projects
eGovernment measurement for policy makersePractice.eu
Author: Jeremy Millard.
The eGovernment policy focus has moved over the last five years from being mainly concerned with efficiency to being concerned both with efficiency and effectiveness. This paper examines the current and future development of eGovernment policy making, and the critical role that measurement and impact analysis has in it.
2Running Head THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR.docxrhetttrevannion
2
Running Head: THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
2
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
Name
Institution Affiliations
Abstract
Social media include blogs, microblogs and even electronic social networks. They are generally believed to have transformed the manner in which individuals relate with each other. This applied research assessment which therefore explore on the influence of social media in the public sector. Within the public sector, there are prevalent evidences which justify the impact of the social media in the public sector. There have been numerous cases in which individuals have a norm to communications within the noticeable one-way fashion for several decades. This applied research will explore various aspects on how social media has influenced the public sector. Besides, it will navigate how social media has entirely contributed to the growth of the public sector both in negative and positive effects. This will include the review of the literature of what other researchers have done on the topic. Comment by Tiffany H: This applied research assessment explores the influence of social media in the public sector. Comment by Tiffany H: And will navigate through how social media Comment by Tiffany H: Should this start with besides?
Table of Contents
· Problem or Issue Statement.
· Introduction.
· Review of Literature.
· Research Methodology.
· Findings.
· Analysis.
· Recommendations.
· References.
Problem or Issue Statement
Government agencies have gradually but progressively adopted social technologies to execute their tasks better. Such social technologies can accumulatively reengineer the old model of the public sector. This is due to the fact they facilitate substantial chances to accelerating the transparency as well as prevalence within the government agencies and its departments. It besides can increase the trustworthy in government from its respective citizens. Through social media, there can be creation of new forms of participation of citizens as well as the engagement in public issues. Besides, social media has enhanced both intra-organizational and inter-organizational collaboration. There is therefore an essential need to look into various ways that the social media have really enhanced an achievement of such empirical formalities within the government structure hence developing the citizen-government relationship. Comment by Tiffany H: Accelerate the transparency of what? Comment by Tiffany H: Remove Comment by Tiffany H: has
From a contextual perspective, it is evident to state that the relationship and collaboration between the government and the citizen have been greatly altered, advanced by the use of social media. In addition, this has heightened the participation of the citizens in most of the government projects which have been overseen and controlled by the government offices. The .
Dr. Tri Widodo W. Utomo, SH.,MA
Deputi Kajian Kebijakan dan Inovasi Administrasi LAN
Pengajar Program Doktor Terapan Ilmu Administrasi, Politeknik STIA LAN
Disampaikan pada Kuliah Umum Program Doktor Ilmu Administrasi UNTAG Surabaya
10 Oktober 2020
Citizen participation is also sometimes seen as a solution to a quite different problem: shoring up the democratic legitimacy of governance processes. Representative democratic governance now faces several critical legitimating problems
Political (In)Stability and Public Policy Transplantation: a Macedonian Casejpsjournal1
In recent years, a set of new post-empiricist advances to public policy, drawing on discursive analyses and
participatory, deliberative practices, have come to challenge the leading technocratic, empiricist models in
policy analyses. According to Pessali, the transplantation of public policies is an influential instrument in
the hands of economic development – important as it may be, transplantation may not be inevitably
successful, therefore not always looked for. There are good economic reasons to consider the practice of
grafting in public policy transplants, i.e., consideration for the specific cities of existing local institutions
and how they may interact with a set of predominant policy requirements and guidelines. By taking into
account Pessali's alternative method that institutionalizes some sort of cooperation between policy makers
and stakeholders, in contrast with some other common variants of the policy transplantation method, we
discuss an architecture for public policy inputs in a country context, which may help to avoid some of the
underlying risks of standard transplantation architectures. The article concludes that the “transplantation
metaphor” can be a powerful tool in organizing our thoughts and framing our decisions, which can lead to
better use of it for the purposes of public policy design in societies only in cases of political stability.
Towards a sustainable e-Participation implementation model ePractice.eu
Author: M. Sirajul Islam.
This paper proposes a framework for an effective e-Participation model that can be suitable under certain socio-economic settings and applicable to any country. Most of such previous initiatives were experimental in nature and lacked in both public awareness and clearly defined expected outcomes.
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Digital government and wicked problems.pdf
1. Information Polity 21 (2016) 215–221 215
DOI 10.3233/IP-160395
IOS Press
Special Issue Editorial
Digital government and wicked problems:
Solution or problem?
Jing Zhanga,∗
and Yushim Kimb
aGraduate School of Management, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA
bSchool of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Abstract. The theme of the 16th
International Conference on Digital Government Research (dg.o 2015) – “Digital Government
and Wicked Problems” – drew attention to the increasingly complex global problems we are facing today. In the late 1960s,
the term “wicked problems” was coined to refer to societal and public planning problems that had no definitive solutions [1,2].
Many problems, such as those identified in the theme of the conference – climate change, urbanization, and inequality – often
exhibit the characteristics of “wickedness” in the sense that they are both difficult to define and solve. The selection of this
theme for dg.o 2015 reflects the digital government research community’s ambition and dedication to achieve a degree of
understanding necessary to address some of the most intractable of these problems with the aid of emerging technologies. This
special issue includes seven of the best papers from the dg.o 2015 conference.
In this editorial, we highlight the characteristics of “wicked problems” briefly, and the way in which the term is relevant in
digital government research. We then introduce the articles selected for this special issue. Lastly, we provide suggestions to
foster future research that addresses the nature of “wickedness” in digital government initiatives.
Keywords: Wicked problems, digital government, open data, smart grid, public health, crisis management, digital divide, and
social media
1. Digital government: Solution or problem?
Rittel and Webber [2] identified ten distinctive properties of wicked problems (see Table 1). There is
no possibility for an exhaustive formulation of the problem; no final rule for an open interacting system;
solutions can only be judged as good-or-bad, not true-or-false, and every solution has consequences that
leave no opportunities to learn by trial-and-error. For example, climate change has been characterized as
a “super wicked problem” [3,4]. The nature of climate change is complex and rooted deeply in the in-
teractions among social, political, and natural systems; causal relationships are troubled by uncertainty,
and policy responses or solutions, especially those oriented towards short-term efficiency and economic
gains, often produce adverse and irreversible consequences, and are thereby transformed into another
set of wicked problems [3]. Similar challenges plague problems like urbanization and inequality. Worse,
there is no definitive way to describe these problems – their public good is disputable, and the definition
of equality is subjective. Incomplete, conflicting, and changing requirements and the intricate connec-
tions and complex interdependencies of these problems also contribute to their definition as wicked.
∗
Corresponding author: Jing Zhang, Graduate School of Management Clark University Worcester, MA 01610-1477, USA.
Tel.: +1 508 793 7102; Email: jizhang@clarku.edu.
1570-1255/16/$35.00 c
2016 – IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved
2. 216 J. Zhang and Y. Kim / Digital government and wicked problems: Solution or problem?
Table 1
Distinctive properties of wicked problems
Distinguishing properties
1. No exhaustive formulation of a problem
2. No final rule
3. No true-or-false solutions, only good-or-bad
4. No immediate or ultimate test of a solution
5. Every solution a “one shot operation”
6. No exhaustive set of well-described potential solutions
7. Every problem essentially unique
8. Every problem a symptom of another problem
9. Representations of a problem numerous, and choice of representation determines the solution
10. The planner has no right to be wrong
Adapted from [2].
Some of these characteristics have manifested in digital government research as well, which has expe-
rienced steady growth in the past two decades [5,6]. From the outset, it was anticipated that information
technologies would offer many benefits to government and society by reducing costs and improving
the efficiency of government operations, for example, or even as a driving force in global administra-
tive reforms [7]. Therefore, it is not surprising that there has been great hope for digital government’s
potential to change fundamentally the ways in which public organizations are structured and operated,
public services are delivered, policies are developed, implemented, and evaluated, and citizens engage
in democratic processes.
However, the rapid adoption of information technologies by governments and society has also created
a host of interrelated organizational, social, and political problems. Questions have arisen whether new
media and ICTs empower or disenfranchise, unify or divide, and bridge the gap in social and economic
inequality or widen it. These questions persist and defy premature and simple answers. For example, so-
cial media have been seen as exciting tools to foster transparency and citizen engagement in democratic
societies [8]. Nevertheless, there is no guarantee that these tools are used exclusively for benevolent
purposes. It is equally likely that Islamic State (IS) terrorist networks in Syria and Iraq exploit social
media for global propaganda, radicalization, and recruitment [9]. Similarly, Hong and Kim showed that
public opinions provided through online platforms such as Twitter are politically polarized [10]. Thus,
the empirical evidence accumulated to date is equivocal. Articles in this special issue provide further
and recent evidence of the role of ICTs in government and wicked problems.
Prior to our two tandem special issues in Information Polity and Government Information Quarterly
based on the dg.o 2015 conference, the wicked nature of digital government initiatives had received
no explicit recognition or dedicated attention [11]. Thus, in this special issue, we have highlighted the
importance of viewing issues in digital government research through a subtle and complex lens. In our
introduction to each paper in this selection, we identify areas that might exhibit the distinctive charac-
teristics of “wickedness,” and at the same time, discuss unique advantages and opportunities that digital
government research can offer in the management of wicked problems (see Table 2).
2. The special issue
The first paper in this special issue, The Wicked Problem of Commercial Value Creation in Open Data
Ecosystems – Policy Guidelines for Governments, begins with the observation that previous studies on
open data have assumed that open data initiatives will exert a positive influence on social, environmen
3. J. Zhang and Y. Kim / Digital government and wicked problems: Solution or problem? 217
Table 2
Understanding wicked problems in digital government research
Article in the special is-
sue
Areas and
themes
Dominant characteristics exhibited Lessons for managing wicked
problems
The Wicked Problem of
Value Creation in Open
Data Ecosystems – Pol-
icy Guidelines from an
Open Data Innovation
Case
Open data;
Value creation
– How value can be created from an open data
initiative is ill-formulated, complex, and ill-
structured;
– Interdependency of external actors, and risk
avoidance;
– No criteria for, and no exhaustive set of solu-
tions
Open data policies focus on
context-specific factors; ensur-
ing the availability and quality
of data, internal IT, open IT,
knowledge, and governance re-
sources; fostering business and
citizens’ collaboration; reduc-
ing negative effects.
Real Options Analysis
for Smart Grid: The
Role of Information
Technology and Public
Policy
Smart Grid;
Investment
under
Uncertainty;
Public Policy
– Large scale infrastructure change costly to im-
plement;
– Uncertainties about how and when these costs
will be recovered;
– Interdependency of public policy and private
investment; interaction of technological, so-
cial, economic, and political changes in infras-
tructure changes
Simulation that can incorpo-
rate uncertainty can help under-
stand the nature of the problem,
simulate complexed decision-
making processes, and develop
policy recommendations.
Open Government Pro-
cess and Government
Transparency in Cri-
sis Communication un-
der Hyper-Uncertainty:
The Case of AirAsia
QZ8501 Crash
Crisis
management;
Government
transparency;
Open process
– Hyper-unknown;
– Hyper-uncertainty; need for expedient and de-
cisive responses
Openness of search and rescue
process is the most salient an-
tecedent to perception of gov-
ernment transparency
Technology,
Governance, and the
Escalation of Ebola:
Wicked Problems
in Real Time
Public health;
Crisis
management;
– Perfectly logical steps result in unexpected
consequences;
– Cross-border, cross-jurisdiction, and inter-
organizational collaboration needs;
– Limited communication and public health in-
frastructure; vicious cycle created by interac-
tion of deadly disease, weak governance capa-
bility, limited communication, and health in-
frastructure
Development of information
and communication technolo-
gies (ICTs) and community ac-
tors who can understand the so-
cial networks and use ICTs ef-
fectively
A Study on the Digi-
tal Divide in the Smart
Era: The Moderating
Effect of Smartphones
Digital Divide;
Smartphone;
Information gap
– Unintended consequence of proliferation of
ICTs in social, economic, political, and cul-
tural realms;
– Access is a multi-dimensional concept, includ-
ing motivation, physical access, skill access,
and use access; technology changes rapidly,
creating new divides as old divide narrows
Relative low price, ease of
use, and multi-functionality of
smartphones have served to nar-
row the divide. Policies target-
ing digital divide should seek to
provide access to smart device
and use.
The Client-consultant
Relationship in ERP
Implementation in Gov-
ernment: Exploring the
Dynamic between
Power and Knowledge
Organizational
factors;
ERP
implementation;
Power/
knowledge
– ERP implementation is complex, costly, and
failure-prone. Commonly accepted mode of
project leadership and management, resource
allocation, and risk management may not be
sufficient in public sector
Context factors, such as power
relationships and knowledge
transfer, need to be considered
in ERP implementation
Citizens’ Perceptions of
the Impact of Infor-
mation Technology Use
on Transparency, Effi-
ciency and Corruption
in Local Governments
Social media;
Transparency;
Organizational
effects
– Implementation of ICTs may not have a signif-
icant effect on citizens’ perceptions of trans-
parency, efficiency, and corruption.
Different media may have dif-
ferent effects on citizens’ per-
ceptions of government trans-
parency, efficiency, and corrup-
tion.
4. 218 J. Zhang and Y. Kim / Digital government and wicked problems: Solution or problem?
-tal, and economic values, particularly the commercial value of businesses. Instead, Zuiderwijk and her
colleagues attempted to understand the dark side – the wicked aspects of commercial open data value
creation – and to provide guidelines for establishing an ecosystem that has the potential to manage these
adverse aspects. Based on expert consultation, the authors argue that, in order to mitigate the wickedness
of open data problems, policies must focus on social, economic, and context-specific cultural factors, as
well as ensure the availability and quality of data, IT, knowledge and governance resources, and business
and citizens’ collaboration. This is truly a daunting task.
The second paper, Investment Uncertainty Analysis for Smart Grid Adoption: A Real Option Ap-
proach, by Feng, Zhang, and Gao, provides an illustration of the growing trend in policy-driven elec-
tronic governance in digital government research. As a key component of infrastructure that enables
smart cities and smart governance, smart grid has the potential to enhance living conditions and pro-
vide energy independent and low carbon economic growth for nations. Despite its long-term benefits,
however, the implementation of smart grid has encountered considerable difficulties, and planning the
transition in the energy infrastructure itself has become a wicked problem. It is imperative to incorporate
uncertainty and complexity in understanding the adoption of such large-scale investments. Using Real
Option Analysis as a tool to estimate the benefits and costs of such emerging technologies and incorpo-
rate elements of uncertainty, this paper provides an example of how ICT can be used to deal with various
wicked problems in public planning, and develop policy recommendations based on simulation results.
In the third paper in this special issue, Open Government Process and Government Transparency in
Crisis Communication: The Case of AirAsia QZ8501 Crash, Reddick, Chatfield, and Brajawidagda in-
vestigate the antecedents of the perception of government transparency in the aftermath of an aviation
disaster. The context of a crisis is often characterized by hyper-unknown and hyper-uncertainty. Amid the
uncertainty, governments need to respond immediately and decisively to retain legitimacy and citizen’s
trust. However, the authors note that factors that influence the transparency of government crisis com-
munications remain understudied. Using a content analysis of news articles, the authors identified key
factors that lead to positive perceptions of government transparency, including openness of the search
and rescue process, management and structure, information quality, government leadership, and ICT
use. Not surprisingly, perhaps, they found that the openness of the search and rescue process was the
most salient antecedent of perceptions of transparency.
In light of the fear triggered by the recent outbreak of Zika virus, the fourth paper represents a timely
investigation of a current wicked problem – containing deadly and transmissible diseases in the global-
ized world. Wicked Problems in Real Time: Uncertainty, Information, and the Escalation of Ebola, by
Comfort, Bert, and Song, studies the escalation of Ebola outbreaks in West Africa. The authors discover
that the wickedness of controlling deadly disease outbreaks manifested in a number of ways. For ex-
ample, perfectly logical steps to curb the transmission often resulted in unexpected consequences; the
requirements of cross-border, cross-jurisdiction, and inter-organizational collaboration exceeded indi-
vidual organizations’ capacities, and lack of communication and public health infrastructure limited the
effectiveness of containment of widespread outbreaks. Most importantly, the interaction of these condi-
tions – deadly disease, weak governance capability, and limited communication and health infrastructure,
created a vicious cycle that fueled the escalation. This study illustrates that timely and valid information
sharing in complex adaptive systems is critical to reduce misinformation and uncertainty, which in turn,
serves as the basis for collective action. This study highlights the importance of information flow in
managing this wicked problem.
The fifth paper focuses on the digital divide, the gap between those who have access to ICTs and the
internet and those who do not. The digital divide is an unintended consequence of the wide adoption of
5. J. Zhang and Y. Kim / Digital government and wicked problems: Solution or problem? 219
advanced ICTs in social, economic, political, and cultural realms. Sung’s paper, A Study of the Digital
Divide in the Current Phase of the Information Age: The Moderating Effect of Smartphones, attempts
to determine whether the proliferation of smartphones has helped close the digital divide. Results from
a Korea Media Panel Survey indicated that, because of their relative low price, ease of use, and multi-
functionality, smartphone use has indeed reduced the gaps among several demographic groups. The
paper suggests that policies that target the digital divide should seek to increase the accessibility of
smartphones and encourage their extensive use.
The implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems is complex, costly, and prone to
failure. ERP implementation in the private sector has been the subject of research interest for the last
two decades and has yielded a relatively mature understanding of the project management processes
and critical factors. How applicable this understanding is to the public sector remains a question. The
sixth paper, by Coelho and colleagues, The Client-Consultant Relationship in the ERP Implementation
in Government: Exploring the Dynamic between Power and Knowledge, begins with the observation that
models of project leadership and management commonly accepted in the private sector – e.g. resource
allocation and risk management – might not be sufficient when ERP is implemented in the public sector.
The authors indicate that the power/knowledge interplay between government and consultants must be
considered seriously. The study identifies nine mechanisms of knowledge and power dynamics that
influence this relationship, and the authors’ insights offer ways to improve the relationship between
governments and consultants in similar IS implementation projects.
Can ICTs serve as a tool to fight inefficiency, corruption, and other problems that afflict governments in
developing countries? In their paper, Citizens’ Perceptions of the Impact of Information Technology Use
on Transparency,Efficiency, and Corruption in Local Governments, Valle-Cruz, Sandoval-Almazan, and
Gil-Garcia describe the results obtained from survey data they collected in 2015 on citizens’ perceptions
of local Mexican governments. Although they found that technology supports interactions between cit-
izens and government affected citizens’ perceptions, the direction of the relationships is not conclusive.
The authors found positive associations between the use of web pages and transparency, efficiency, and
corruption perception. Social media also were associated positively with corruption perception, while
mobile use had a negative association. No other technology media, such as email or free internet ser-
vices, were found to affect citizens’ perceptions significantly.
3. Contending with wicked problems
By definition, wicked problems are insoluble because there are no “right” or “optimal” solutions,
and a given solution often triggers other problems that might be even more difficult to solve than the
original one. Thus, we are confronted with the dilemma – damned if you do, and damned if you don’t.
Nevertheless, history has witnessed many “good vs. bad,” or “better vs. worse” solutions. We believe that
we should direct our attention and efforts to formulating “good” or “better” solutions, and we believe
as well that the digital government research community is in a unique position to make a significant
difference. To stimulate further research in this direction, we offer the following recommendations.
Acknowledging the wicked nature of digital government initiatives is the first step in addressing them.
Since its onset, a great deal of digital government research has adopted critical and social-technical per-
spectives of the role of technological changes (e.g., [12]). For example, the largest clusters of research
themes in the digital government domain were reported as “e-government enactment” (e.g., [13,14]) and
“online trust” (e.g. [15,16]): see [11] for a summary of the bibliographic analysis). Thus, a large portion
of digital government research is dedicated to these themes. Typically, these frameworks and research
6. 220 J. Zhang and Y. Kim / Digital government and wicked problems: Solution or problem?
focuses embrace a dialectic approach in their belief that technology change is embedded intrinsically in
organizational, political, legal and social changes, in which many of those changes produce unintended
and profound consequences (cf., [17]). This orientation is indeed one advantage of digital government
research in approaching wicked problems. We recommend that the field continue to advance the sophis-
ticated understanding of the interaction of ICT, government, and society with these traditions, and build
a theoretical foundation that transcends technologies.
Formulating a wicked problem is a daunting task. Complexity can arise from many sources, one of
which is the elusive and unknown nature of the problem. Digital government research might be useful if
used to detect warning signs, identify key inputs and parameters, define problem and solution spaces, de-
lineate untested assumptions and system constraints, construct performance measurements, and simulate
how good a solution might be. Some of the developments in digital government are especially helpful
in this respect, such as data-oriented decision-making, modeling and simulation, and policy informatics
(e.g., [18]). We encourage more research that adopts as its central focus the task of understanding and
formulating wicked problems.
Another source of complexity when faced with wicked problems is the ambiguous and equivocal na-
ture of different constituents’ objectives. Many stakeholders and interest groups are involved, and their
values, ideological orientations, and practical interests tend to differ, which in turn, makes collective goal
setting and problem formulation difficult, if possible at all. With the rise of interactive technologies, such
as social media, we may have a better opportunity to identify citizens’ sentiments, engage constituents
earlier and more meaningfully, and explore decision paths through interactive dialogue and activities
during which problems and solutions emerge gradually. We suggest that future research examine criti-
cally the potential and pitfalls of social media and other interactive technology in policy discourse and
engagement.
We also would like to encourage more cross-disciplinary research that takes advantage of the unprece-
dented growth of data and analytical capability. The articles in this Special Issue used various approaches
and examples to begin the conversation on the nature of wicked problems and provided potential lessons
for managing them in digital government research. We have yet to see any substantial amount of research
that has exploited the power of big data and computation simulations in digital government research in
general [11]. Their application in other disciplines, such as health science, business, and computer sci-
ence, has yielded valuable insights about some of the most intractable problems, such as finding a cure
for cancer. Incorporating these new technologies and capabilities into digital government research could
offer promising ways in which to grapple with wicked problems.
Rittel and Webber [2] underscored the fact that, to address them properly, planners need to recognize
the wickedness of problems. They went a step further by suggesting that “it becomes morally objection-
able for the planner to treat a wicked problem as though it were a tame one, or tame a wicked problem
prematurely, or to refuse to recognize the inherent wickedness of social problems.” Digital government
research, although no longer in its infancy, remains an emerging discipline [5]. Thus, it is a fortuitous
moment at which to ask that the field orient itself appropriately, in both its theories and practices, to
address the problems of our increasingly complex and entangled world.
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