etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
etiology, local names, definition, transmission, source of infection, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment prevention and control
Manipulations of rumen function that can augment livestock productivity are;
Correction of concentrate to roughage ratio
Feed bypass or escaped nutrients
Defaunation of rumen
Use of yeast as probiotics
Use of anaerobic fungi
Use of other feed additives
There are hundreds of diseases of livestock and pet animals that can be printed through properly used quality vaccines. This presentation summarises different types of vaccines used by veterinarians to control/ prevent diseases. The presentation enlists the vaccine-preventable diseases of pets and livestock, and also the different vaccines used.
Common cattle diseases by Dr.Pavulraj.S, M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI (NR...Pavulraj Selvaraj
important bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases of cattle with good quality images for veterinarians in filed and college as well for better diagnosis of diseases in quick review form in presentation mode
Manipulation of rumen function to augment livestock productivityUCV&AS IUB
Manipulations of rumen function that can augment livestock productivity are;
Correction of concentrate to roughage ratio
Feed bypass or escaped nutrients
Defaunation of rumen
Use of yeast as probiotics
Use of anaerobic fungi
Use of other feed additives
Oral microbiology:normal oram microflora and Dental plaqueKarishma Sirimulla
this seminar includes microbiolofical aspects of bacteria and their living systems and oral microflora along with detailed description about plaque which includes composition,classification,formation of plaque and the plaque hypothesis followed by pathogenesis of plaque
Manipulations of rumen function that can augment livestock productivity are;
Correction of concentrate to roughage ratio
Feed bypass or escaped nutrients
Defaunation of rumen
Use of yeast as probiotics
Use of anaerobic fungi
Use of other feed additives
There are hundreds of diseases of livestock and pet animals that can be printed through properly used quality vaccines. This presentation summarises different types of vaccines used by veterinarians to control/ prevent diseases. The presentation enlists the vaccine-preventable diseases of pets and livestock, and also the different vaccines used.
Common cattle diseases by Dr.Pavulraj.S, M.V.Sc., Pathology scholar, IVRI (NR...Pavulraj Selvaraj
important bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases of cattle with good quality images for veterinarians in filed and college as well for better diagnosis of diseases in quick review form in presentation mode
Manipulation of rumen function to augment livestock productivityUCV&AS IUB
Manipulations of rumen function that can augment livestock productivity are;
Correction of concentrate to roughage ratio
Feed bypass or escaped nutrients
Defaunation of rumen
Use of yeast as probiotics
Use of anaerobic fungi
Use of other feed additives
Oral microbiology:normal oram microflora and Dental plaqueKarishma Sirimulla
this seminar includes microbiolofical aspects of bacteria and their living systems and oral microflora along with detailed description about plaque which includes composition,classification,formation of plaque and the plaque hypothesis followed by pathogenesis of plaque
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The Salmonidae family, collectively known as Salmonids, comprises of salmon, trout, chars, freshwater whitefishes, and graylings, but it is the trout and Atlantic salmon, of the genus Salmo, which gives the family their name. A slender teleost fish, they can range in size between just 13 cm to a whopping 2 m in length. With a single row of sharp teeth, Salmonids are predators, choosing to feed on smaller fish, aquatic insects and small crustaceans. Despite spawning in fresh water Salmonids are mostly anadromous, spending their lives at sea, choosing only to return to rivers to reproduce.
Dr. Claudio Cabral - Tannins As An Alternative To The Use Of Antibiotic Growt...John Blue
Tannins As An Alternative To The Use Of Antibiotic Growth Promoters - Dr. Claudio Cabral, Technical Director for Latin America, Silvateam (Argentina), from the 2018 Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB), October 9 - 12, 2018, Kilkenny, Ireland.
More presentations at https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJuQkIaCQn5HXVjFbExofkg
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
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2. Establishment of microbes in young ruminant is
primarily dependant upon its exposure to an adult
animal .
Major portion of microbial population consists of
Anaerobic bacteria
Ciliate protozoa
Anaerobic fungi
3. Counting can be done in strained rumen fluid
Concentration of rumen protozoa can be significantly
lower in rumen fluid than in whole rumen contents by a
factor depending on time and method used to separate the
fluid fraction.
Increased percentage of solids acted as a filter mat
retaining more of the protozoa
4. Grooming to young animals by mother
Salivation on feed or even pasture followed by ingestion
of the contaminated material by a young animal leads to
faunation
Airborne water droplets
Rumen pH is quite acidic in young due to rapid
fermentation of milk sugars so the sequence of
establishment of protozoa is Entodinium first followed by
Diplodinium and then Holotrichs.
5. Modification in physiology of the animal host i.e. changes
in rumen motility, rumen wall absorption capacity ,
salivary secretion etc. May cause a temporary
disappearance of rumen ciliates.
Well established bacterial flora and rumen pH is necessary
for establishment of rumen ciliates.
6. Diurnal variation :
Chemotactic response: migration of Isotrichidae primarily
Isotrachia and Dasytricha into rumen contents at feeding
time followed by abrupt decrease as a result of
sequestration .
As the storage polysaccharide in the cells increased after
feeding they sequester by settling in ventral rumen as the
polysaccharide utilized the levels falls below a
chemotactic threshold within 10-12h and if animal is fed,
the isotrichids will migrates in response to soluble sugars
7. Diet : when amount of available energy increased in ration
protozoan concentration increased , ration containing 40-
50% roughage will support maximal protozoan numbers
with a diverse fauna containing species of most of genera .
Increased concentrates above 60% corresponding decrease
in minimal rumen pH results in protozoan concentration,
shifts towards Entodinium ,or completes defaunation
8. Intake: protozoan number were inversely proportional to
particle size and rate of passage of feed through the rumen
Frequency: feeding the same quantity of feed four times
daily instead of once a day resulted in doubling of protozoan
concentration because multiple feeding prevents the drastic
fluctuations in rumen pH which can be inhibitory to
protozoa
9. Seasonal differences : hot to cold or wet to dry both
inhibit or slow down plant growth and results in a
decrease energy available to the animal
10. Geographical location
Difference in diet
Origin of animals
Isolation from others ruminants
Specificity of rumen ciliates
Antagonism between species
11. Host specificity : in the animal itself by some unknown
physiological factors could influence the genera and
species which establish in its rumen these includes type
and amount of feed ,rate of consumption, saliva production
,rumen pH, rate and type of fermentation , osmolality,
particulate matter.
Protozoan specificity :on the basis of races existing within
a given species.
12. Antagonism between species : the type of fauna
established in a given animal can be influenced by
antagonistic relationship which appears to exist
between certain rumen ciliates species.
13. Non photosynthetic microorganism containing chitin in
their vegetative cell walls and are fibrolytic in nature for
maximum production of these organism they require pH
6.5 and 39°C, presence of CO2 and absence of O2.
Ability to grow under low redox potential
Vegetative stage are called as zoospore
Rapid increase in number shortly after feeding resulted
from stimulation of reproductive body by haem or haem
containing compounds on a vegetative phase of the
organism which differentiated and liberated the flagellates.
14. Young preruminants rely upon their mother milk for
nutrition, with lactose as major CHO most of anaerobic
fungi can utilize this lactose as carbon source and thrive
in low redox potential developed by anaerobic bacteria so
plant fibre is not essential for their establishment .
Can be transferred by grooming, by feeding at same site,
coprophagy and they are not host specific.
15. Diets rich in forage such as hay and silage or silage based
diets with a long ruminal transit time , consistently results
in development of high population densities of anaerobic
fungi
Fungi normally grow on highly lignified tissue and in the
pelleted ration or supplemented with soluble sugar the
transit time is low resulted in high wash out of infected
particles and low ruminal pH also reduces the fungal
population
16. Appearance of a bacterial population would not dependent
on feed composition but composition of microflora depends.
Bacterial population established in rumen with in few days
after birth creates suitable environment for establishment
and growth of cellulolytic species
17. The concentration of total rumen bacteria decreased after
feeding , increased slowly to maximum and then
gradually decreased until the next feeding
Concentration pattern reflects an initial dilution by feed,
water and saliva and increase in growth rate in response
to incoming nutrients which exceeds the dilution rate and
finally a depletion of nutrients with a corresponding
decrease in growth rate
18. Diet : high concentrate diet increases bacterial
concentration however feeding frequency, feeding level
and sampling time and individual animal variation all
appear to influence bacterial concentration.
Animal fed on pasture: counts are lowest in winter and
highest during summer this reflect the low nitrogen
content in winter herbage
Antibiotics: they inhibit the gram positive bacteria,
with a corresponding enrichment of gram negative
bacteria
19. As a result propionate production is increased, protein
degradation and methane in rumen is depressed
Interrelationships: major nutritional effects of rumen
protozoa is upon the protein/energy ratio of nutrients
available for absorption in small intestine affecting animal
growth rate, feed intake and feed digestibility exerting a
levelling or buffering effect on the rumen
20. When fungus are eliminated by feeding chemically
treated barley straw the digestibility of fibre was
depressed
Bacterial population found to be much higher in
defaunated than in faunated animal and decrease
markedly following faunation
The fermentation of feedstuffs is taken over by increased
bacterial population
21. Zoospore and sporangia concentration found to be increased
in defaunated animals
Different levels of energy intake would be expected to
support different amounts of total microbial biomass.