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Rudolph: Climate Change, Health & Health Inequities
- 1. Climate Change, Health, & Health Inequities November 12, 2014 Linda Rudolph, MD, MPH linda.rudolph@phi.org 1
- 2. 2 “Climate change is the defining health challenge of our time.” Margaret Chan, World Health Organization “Climate change threatens our fragile existence on this planet.” Jim Kim, World Bank
- 3. 3 "Social injustice is killing people on a grand scale.” WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health, 2008
- 4. 4
- 6. Climate-Health Pathway 6 Adapted from Patz et.al. 2000 EnvHlthPersp
- 8. 8 Global Climate Impacts Warming Warming Hydrologic Variability Ocean Acidification Sea Level Rise Glacier & Snowpack Loss
- 10. 10 Local Climate Impacts Wildfires Coastal Flooding Drought Decreased Snowpack
- 12. Extreme weather injuries, drownings, fatalities Heat-related illnesses and deaths Air pollution impacts – respiratory, cardiovascular Allergic disease Infectious disease Water and food-borne disease Vector-borne disease Food insecurity and malnutrition Water insecurity Displacement and migration Stress and mental health impacts 12 Climate Health Impacts
- 13. 13 Heat Illness Leading weather-related cause of death U.S. 1979 – 2003 : 8,015 deaths California (2006): 655 deaths Europe (2003): > 70,000 excess deaths •Russia (2010): 55,000 excess deaths •1 million acres burnt •25% drop in crop yields
- 14. Higher Temperatures Worsen Air Pollution 14
- 15. Drought and Health Water quantity Water quality Food insecurity Wildfire Vector-born disease Dust Infectious disease Sanitation Recreational risk Mental Health Job loss & poverty
- 18. Health Inequities Pathway 18 Adapted from Bay Area Regional Health Inequities Initiative
- 19. 19 Living Conditions: Physical, Social, Economic, Services Environments
- 20. 20
- 21. 21 "Social injustice is killing people on a grand scale.” WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health, 2008
- 23. Climate Change Vulnerability & Resilience 23
- 24. Root Causes 24
- 25. 25
- 26. 26
- 27. 27 Reduce Greenhouse gases Air pollution Noise Infrastructure costs Community severance Increase Physical activity Social capital Reductions Respiratory disease Cardiovascular disease Diabetes Depression Osteoporosis Cancer Stress Avoidable increases Bike/ped injuries Systems: Active Transportation Co-Benefits
- 28. ITHIM Preliminary Projections of Health Impacts of Increased Bicycling and Walking: 4 to 19 minutes of daily physical activity, SCAG Region 28 Change in disease burden Change in premature deaths/yr Cardiovascular Dis.* 12% 3,134 Diabetes 12% 374 Depression 3% <2 Dementia 6% 465 Breast cancer 3% 60 Colon Cancer 3% 75 Road traffic crashes 22% 315 * Ischemic heart disease, stroke, hypertensive heart disease
- 29. Reduce Greenhouse gases Air pollution Fuel poverty Asthma Respiratory disease CVD 29 • Reduce • Asthma • Respiratory disease • CVD • Adverse birth outcomes Systems: Clean Energy/Energy Efficiency Co-Benefits
- 30. 30 Reductions GHG emissions Pesticide use Synthetic fertilizer use Food miles Antibiotic use Water pollution Soil erosion Biodiversity loss Meat consumption Unsustainable H2O consumption Increases Access affordable healthy food Rural community strength Agricultural land preservation Reductions Obesity Cardiovascular disease Cancer (breast, prostate, colorectal) Type II Diabetes Antibiotic resistance Pesticide illness Systems: Sustainable Local Food Systems Co-Benefits
- 31. 31 Heat Resilience Co-Benefits Urban greening Reduce heat illness risk Places to be active Healthy food access Reduce storm water run-off & flooding risk Replenish groundwater Reduce crime Decrease energy consumption Lower energy costs Reduce air pollution 31 Co-Benefits of Urban Greening
- 32. Co-harms 32
- 33. 33
- 34. IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report The Choices We Make Will Create Different Outcomes With substantial mitigation Without additional mitigation Change in average surface temperature (1986–2005 to 2081–2100) AR5 WGI SPM
- 35. Highest levels CO2 in at least 800,000 years 35
- 36. IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report The window for action is rapidly closing 65% of our carbon budget compatible with a 2°C goal already used Amount Used 1870-2011: 515 GtC Amount Remaining: 275 GtC Total Carbon Budget: 790 GtC AR5 WGI SPM
- 37. The Choice is Ours 37
- 38. Climate Change is a Health Emergency. Climate, Health, and Equity in All Policies
- 39. Opportunities for Action 39 Consider climate, health, and equity impacts of all legislation Support AB32: full implementation of cap-and-trade; strong 2030 targets Oppose expansion of fossil fuel extraction/production Support rapid acceleration/increased funding for active transportation; include health/equity accounting in transportation planning Strengthen building standards for climate resilience Urge public pension systems to divest from fossil fuels Mandate implementation of extreme heat guidance Regulate methane leakage in gas extraction/production/transport Support green zones and just transition Create incentives for sustainable ag and peri-urban ag Make polluters pay e.g. carbon tax, nitrogen fertilizer tax Hold every agency and department accountable for CHE Be a leader. Talk to your constituents and colleagues
- 40. IPCC Key Messages 40 Human influence on the climate system is clear The more we disrupt our climate, the more we risk severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts We have the means to limit climate change and build a more prosperous, sustainable future IPCC AR 5 Synthesis Report 2014 Linda’s Key Messages Climate change is affecting our health and well-being now. Climate change is a threat multiplier, exacerbating existing health challenges and health inequities Low-income and communities of color suffer a “climate gap” We can transform our systems to create healthy, equitable, sustainable communities
- 41. 41