Environmental health Effect and Air Pollution from cigarette smokers in Cross...IOSR Journals
This study is aimed at assessing the cause of air pollution and Environmental health effect on people living in Cross River State using cigarette smokers as a case study. Data was gathered through a well designed and articulated oral and written questionnaires, direct and first-hand observation of the environment, and comprehensive interview sessions were carried out with community Heads (Royal Authorities where possible), patients and youths. A total of one hundred and seventeen thousand (117,000) questionnaires were randomly distributed evenly to men of about 20-75years old in all the Eighteen (18) Local Government Area in Cross River State. Eighty seven thousand, five hundred and thirty three (87,533) valid questionnaire were received back. Nine hundred (900) of the people reported that they do not smoke any cigarette. Table 1 shows the total number of people who smoke cigarette. Table 2a,b show the total number of patients with smoking related diseases. Most of these patients with smoking related diseases such as decrease in lung function, increase of heart attack, Respiratory diseases, cancer, asthma, and other health effects are having those disease conditions as a result of their smoking habits.
Developing World and Occupational Health ImpactsAI Publications
The environment is an integral part of human life the quality of which plays a critical role in human health. Occupational environment presents potential health hazards to workers employed in a variety of positions. This review adds to a growing body of evidence that PM is really harmful to health increasing overall mortality mostly deaths from cardiovascular disease as well as deaths from respiratory diseases.
Environmental health Effect and Air Pollution from cigarette smokers in Cross...IOSR Journals
This study is aimed at assessing the cause of air pollution and Environmental health effect on people living in Cross River State using cigarette smokers as a case study. Data was gathered through a well designed and articulated oral and written questionnaires, direct and first-hand observation of the environment, and comprehensive interview sessions were carried out with community Heads (Royal Authorities where possible), patients and youths. A total of one hundred and seventeen thousand (117,000) questionnaires were randomly distributed evenly to men of about 20-75years old in all the Eighteen (18) Local Government Area in Cross River State. Eighty seven thousand, five hundred and thirty three (87,533) valid questionnaire were received back. Nine hundred (900) of the people reported that they do not smoke any cigarette. Table 1 shows the total number of people who smoke cigarette. Table 2a,b show the total number of patients with smoking related diseases. Most of these patients with smoking related diseases such as decrease in lung function, increase of heart attack, Respiratory diseases, cancer, asthma, and other health effects are having those disease conditions as a result of their smoking habits.
Developing World and Occupational Health ImpactsAI Publications
The environment is an integral part of human life the quality of which plays a critical role in human health. Occupational environment presents potential health hazards to workers employed in a variety of positions. This review adds to a growing body of evidence that PM is really harmful to health increasing overall mortality mostly deaths from cardiovascular disease as well as deaths from respiratory diseases.
151218 2 middletonj save the planet save the nhsJohn Middleton
Planetary health, ecological public health relationship between climate change and public health globally and locally.Part of Birmingham University International Masters seminar series
A presentation designed for the Chile Summer Study Program by Monash University. The subject of this presentation was to give an overall view toward environmental challenges of Chile and Latin America and coming up with solutions to face them.
There are quantifiably many, But here mentioned some impact. The severity of air pollution has differed according to the nearness. For more details, Check Prkruti.
Prkruti Lite is the first compact and portable device which measures the full range of harmful gases in the air.
To measures the harmful substances in the environment, you just have to install the Prkruti Lite app in your android devices then plug the Prkruti Lite device with your mobile phone just like you plug the USB cable and you will get the real-time data on the air around you.
Prkruti Lite detects Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), CO₂ (Carbon dioxide) concentrations, Temperature, Humidity, Air Pressure and Noise around you.
Extra finest sensor and the Prkruti Lite app can extremely beneficial for the detection of the VOCs and other dangerous gases. Through remote alerts, you will see the real data of air quality map, graphs, and IAQ notifications.
We want to make an impact on our environment to create a better place to live for now and for the future generation. We are here to give you the right and real-time data of air around you.
“Prkruti Lite Know your Indoor Air Quality”
This is a presentation of the European Environment Agency's 'Environmental indicator report 2013'. The report explores the implications of a transition to a green economy, focusing on the interaction of resource consumption, environmental trends and human well-being. The report aims to support implementation of the European Union’s 7th Environmental Action Programme (7th EAP), which sets the long-term objectives of environmental policymaking in the EU.
It related to pollution and causes and effects of it on society and community. It includes all types of pollutions and also the diagnositic or the prevetive measures . It includes Modifying a production process to produce less waste. Using non-toxic or less toxic chemicals as cleaners, degreasers and other maintenance chemicals. Implementing water and energy conservation practices. Reusing materials such as drums and pallets rather than disposing of them as waste.
The world has experienced remarkable expansion and development in recent decades, which has greatly accelerated industrialization and urbanization. However, this advancement has come at a price: a dangerous increase in global pollution. The ecosystems of the globe, people's health, and the economy are all seriously threatened by global pollution in all of its manifestations. The complexities of global pollution will be examined in this essay, along with how it impacts both the environment and people.
151218 2 middletonj save the planet save the nhsJohn Middleton
Planetary health, ecological public health relationship between climate change and public health globally and locally.Part of Birmingham University International Masters seminar series
A presentation designed for the Chile Summer Study Program by Monash University. The subject of this presentation was to give an overall view toward environmental challenges of Chile and Latin America and coming up with solutions to face them.
There are quantifiably many, But here mentioned some impact. The severity of air pollution has differed according to the nearness. For more details, Check Prkruti.
Prkruti Lite is the first compact and portable device which measures the full range of harmful gases in the air.
To measures the harmful substances in the environment, you just have to install the Prkruti Lite app in your android devices then plug the Prkruti Lite device with your mobile phone just like you plug the USB cable and you will get the real-time data on the air around you.
Prkruti Lite detects Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), CO₂ (Carbon dioxide) concentrations, Temperature, Humidity, Air Pressure and Noise around you.
Extra finest sensor and the Prkruti Lite app can extremely beneficial for the detection of the VOCs and other dangerous gases. Through remote alerts, you will see the real data of air quality map, graphs, and IAQ notifications.
We want to make an impact on our environment to create a better place to live for now and for the future generation. We are here to give you the right and real-time data of air around you.
“Prkruti Lite Know your Indoor Air Quality”
This is a presentation of the European Environment Agency's 'Environmental indicator report 2013'. The report explores the implications of a transition to a green economy, focusing on the interaction of resource consumption, environmental trends and human well-being. The report aims to support implementation of the European Union’s 7th Environmental Action Programme (7th EAP), which sets the long-term objectives of environmental policymaking in the EU.
It related to pollution and causes and effects of it on society and community. It includes all types of pollutions and also the diagnositic or the prevetive measures . It includes Modifying a production process to produce less waste. Using non-toxic or less toxic chemicals as cleaners, degreasers and other maintenance chemicals. Implementing water and energy conservation practices. Reusing materials such as drums and pallets rather than disposing of them as waste.
The world has experienced remarkable expansion and development in recent decades, which has greatly accelerated industrialization and urbanization. However, this advancement has come at a price: a dangerous increase in global pollution. The ecosystems of the globe, people's health, and the economy are all seriously threatened by global pollution in all of its manifestations. The complexities of global pollution will be examined in this essay, along with how it impacts both the environment and people.
Title_ Air Pollution_ A Silent Threat to Our Health and Environment.pdfartrugrulghazi
Air pollution is a global issue that affects everyone, from the largest metropolis to the smallest rural villages. It is the presence of harmful substances in the air that can pose serious threats to human health, as well as the environment.
Case studies in improving urban air qualityngocjos
IGU study finds that the switch to natural gas helps mega-cities dramatically improve air quality and reduce emissions of GHG and air pollutants – enhancing and saving lives. On the sidelines of the COP21 negotiations in Paris the IGU has released a major study that highlights the interconnection that exists between reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reducing emissions of other air pollutants. It presents case studies of efforts in four cities — New York, Istanbul, Toronto, and Beijing — that have tackled or are tackling the issue of improving urban air quality and where gas has featured as the main contributor to their efforts. These cities can provide lessons for other cities seeking to reduce the potentially severe health consequences of urban air pollution.
A presentation on planetary health concerns for the Gloucestershire branch of the British Medical Association, 7th February 2019. 190207 middletonj planetary health or plexit?
Running Head: HEALTH RISKS
HEALTH RISKS 6
Health Risks, Manufacturing, and the Production of Energy
Jameshia Dixon
Strayer University
Dr.Coon
08/20/2018
Method of energy production
A number of energy production methods are currently used in the production of electricity and other forms of energy. The following paper will be assessing fossil fuels; with coal being the main method of energy production considered. The role of coal in the production of global electricity has been evidently seen, with coal alone providing a total of 37% world’s electricity. For coal to produce electricity, it is first of all mined and taken to the coal plants where its size is reduced so as to increase the surface area for combustion to take place quickly. The burnt coal is then taken to a boiler, which creates steam that is ultimately used in driving turbines, hence, generating electricity.
Coal has a number of significant health risks; it has been associated with emission of a number of gases, which are harmful to the existence of humans. Coal has mostly been associated with the production of large amounts of carbon dioxide, a significant greenhouse gas which takes a long time to be phased out completely from the atmosphere. Other than carbon dioxide which affects human health indirectly through the impacts of global warming and climate change, coal also produces gases such as mercury and arsenic, which are important health hazards. Other toxins emitted from coal power plants include lead, cadmium, chromium, furans, nickel, sulfur dioxide, formaldehyde and dioxins, among many others. Due to these pollutants, coal power production has been associated with a number of health risks, including, cancer, kidney problems, lung issues, problems in the respiratory and the nervous system. Memory, behavior and learning are also at risk due to these method of energy production (Kampa & Castanas, 2008).
To reduce the above stated health impacts, there is need for coal power plants to employ clean coal technologies. There are a number of these technologies and one best which would significantly reduce the impact of the above risks is the management of wastes from coal. Coal itself has a number of wastes which in most occasions appear as emissions. There is need to employ coal cleaning as a method used to reduce emissions when coal is burnt. Other methods of managing wastes include flue gas desulfurization, gasification, and sequestration, use of ultra clean coal and use of low NOx burners. All these perform an important role in reducing the health impacts of coal combustion. Managing wastes from the power plants is an excellent method as it ensures most of the health hazards have been dealt with before the combustion process allows them into the atmosphere. This is also a preventative ...
Assess and Forecast Air Pollution Using Environmental APIsAmbee
With the advancement of air pollution management and research since the 1960s, it has become more important for people to
understand the impact of pollen API and environmental API. The Ambee Pollen API makes it easy for customers to generate data
with just a few clicks.
A review of climate change and impending planetary health catastrophe and its relevance to Island communities and there public health services. Presented to the 25th Inter-Island Public Health Forum, Gibraltar, October 18th 2018. 181017 long version middletonj planetary health or plexit iiphf gibraltar
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Air pollution climate_health_factsheet
1. !
!
!
!
!
Air Pollution, Climate and Health
the
calculation
is simple
An estimated 7 million people per year die from air
pollution-related diseases. These include stroke
and heart disease, respiratory illness and cancers.
+
Many health-harmful air pollutants also damage
the climate. Fine particles of black carbon (soot)
from diesel and biomass combustion and ground
level ozone are leading examples.
=
Reducing air pollution would save lives and help
slow the pace of near-term climate change.
2. AIR POLLUTION ‒ THE HEALTH STORY
Air pollution is responsible for an estimated 7
million deaths annually, or one in eight
premature deaths every year. This makes it the
world’s largest environmental health risk, and
among the largest global health risks –
comparable with “traditional” health risks such as
smoking, high cholesterol, high blood sugar and
obesity.
Some 4.3 million air pollution-related deaths are
due to household air pollution and 3.7 million
deaths are due to outdoor air pollution. Most air
pollution-related deaths are from heart disease
and stroke, followed by chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, acute and chronic respiratory
conditions and cancers.
The air pollutant linked most closely to excess
death and disease is PM2.5 (particulate matter less
than 2.5 micrometres in diameter), heavily emitted
by both diesel vehicles and the combustion of
biomass, coal and kerosene. Ozone is another
pollutant that causes significant respiratory illness,
including chronic asthma. There is growing evidence that oxides of nitrogen (NOx), a
major contributor to ozone and heavily emitted by diesel vehicles, is also linked to
significant health risks.
THE AIR POLLUTION & CLIMATE NEXUS
Black Carbon is a “short-lived climate pollutant” (SLCP) that is a major component of
health-harmful PM2.5 air pollution – particularly from diesel vehicles, diesel engines, coal
and biomass stoves and waste incineration. Since black carbon persists for only a short
time in the atmosphere, reducing black carbon emissions can have significant near-term
climate and health benefits.
Ground-level Ozone is also an SLCP, formed
by a mix of air pollutants typically emitted over
cities or nearby rural areas, including methane
(another SLCP) from urban sewage, waste, and
agriculture, as well as NOx from vehicles.
Along with being a key factor in respiratory
illness, ozone decreases crop yields and
contributes to climate change.
!2
Deaths attributable to the
joint effects of household air
pollution and ambient air
pollution by disease, 2012
(C. Dora, WHO)
6%
8%
17%
33%
36%
Ischaemic heart disease
Stroke
Chornic obstructive pulmonary disease
Acute lower respiratory disease
Lung Cancer
2 529 700
2 296 900
1 187 900
597 000
443 100
The link between air pollution and climate change
Air pollution (PM):
PM/BC, O3, NOx
Climate change (SLCPs):
BC, methane, O3
Climate change
(CO2)
Transport,energy,landuse
policies/Combustion
Local/ short
term health
impacts
Global/long
term health
impacts
3. ACT NOW ‒ IMMEDIATE BENEFITS
By acting now to reduce short-lived climate pollutants that are also air pollutants
we will see substantial and immediate gains in public health, saving millions of lives, as
well as slowing near-term climate change. The United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) have estimated that
reducing SLCP emissions from key sources such as traffic, cookstoves, waste, agriculture
and industry could reduce global warming by about 0.5° C (2010-2050).
Public health benefits are enjoyed
locally – The largest initial benefits of
reductions in short-lived climate and air
pollution emissions will be enjoyed by
people living in the areas where actions
are taken – making measures very
attractive to policymakers. Public health
benefits of reduced ozone and black
carbon emissions may begin to be
realized within in a matter of days or
weeks through improved air quality.
EVERYONE WINS ‒ GAINS ARE LARGEST FOR THE WORLD S MOST VULNERABLE
Air and climate pollutants have their greatest health impacts among the poor – but
the poor are not the only victims of air pollution. Reducing household pollution risks
from smoky biomass and coal cookstoves, in particular, can help alleviate the burden of
poverty-related diseases. Urban air pollution levels also tend to be higher in many low-
and middle-income cities and in poor neighbourhoods of high-income cities. This
means reductions in SLCPs can
have particularly large health
benefits for lower income
groups as well as for children,
elderly, and women.
It is important to remember,
however, that urban air
pollution disperses very widely.
Ozone pollution levels may
often be highest on the urban
periphery. So rich and poor
alike benefit when SLCP
emissions, and consequent air
pollution, are reduced.
!
!3
Health benefits from air pollution reductions
Injuries, physical activity,
noise, diet
Air pollution (PM)
Climate change (SLCPs)
Climate change (CO2)
Transport,energy,landusepolicies/Combustion
Local/ short
term health
impacts
Global/long
term health
impacts
Deaths per capita attributable to the joint effects of household air
pollution and ambient air pollution by region, 2012 (C. Dora, WHO)
Deathsper100,000capita
0
45
90
135
180
Africa
Am
erica
LM
IAm
erica
H
I
Em
rLM
I
Em
rH
I
EurLM
I
EurH
I
Sear
W
prLM
I
W
prH
I
W
orld
100
32
172
124
47
106
29
70
2522
76
Emr: Eastern Mediterranean, Sear: South-East Asia, Wpr: Western
Pacific; LMI: Low- and middle-income; HI: High-income
4. WHAT CAN WE DO?
The World Health Organization and the Climate and Clean Air Coalition to Reduce
Short-Lived Climate Pollutants, have joined together with a number of other leading
partners in a health initiative that aims to reduce air pollution-related deaths and
disease as well as emissions of short-lived climate pollutants.
Household/Indoor Air Pollution
New WHO Indoor Air Quality Guidelines: Household Fuel Combustion set emissions
thresholds, by which the cleanest cookstove and lighting technologies may be
identified. These guidelines also recommend a) phasing out household kerosene and
coal use altogether; b) scaling-up production and use of the cleanest household fuels,
including LPG, ethanol and biogas; and c) transitioning from inefficient biomass
cookstoves to improved models with adequate venting. The Global Alliance for Clean
Cookstoves, a leading CCAC member, is promoting initiatives to develop and distribute
improved cookstove technologies.
Ensuring that stoves are placed in well-ventilated
spaces and as part of an energy-efficient home
design is also critical. Finally, small solar systems
to power lights can be substitutes for kerosene
lamps – in homes as well as in health facilities –
also reducing risks of burns and injuries. Many of
these innovations also have clear economic
benefits in both health and climate terms –
repaying the investment many times over through
lower disease rates and health care costs. These
are highlighted in WHO’s Health in the Green
Economy series, and forthcoming WHO Housing
and Health guidelines.
Urban Air Pollution
Urgent action to tackle air pollution in cities is needed to improve the health and well-
being of over half of the world’s population. Only 12% of cities globally meet WHO air
quality guidelines, with some cities suffering from pollution levels 2-5 times higher than
guideline thresholds. The good news is that urban planning, urban transport, building
design and waste methane gas capture can reduce urban emissions from traffic,
building energy, power systems and municipal sewage/waste.
Strategic changes in urban development priorities may be the most effective means of
reducing reduce air and climate pollutants while optimizing health benefits. Cities are
suffering from soaring rates of noncommunicable diseases. This is due not only to air
pollution, but also to physical inactivity, poor diets, unsafe housing and other urban
health inequities. Urban policies that target climate and air pollution emissions, as well
!4
5. as other causes of ill health, can yield multiple benefits. For instance, investing in clean
urban transit, pedestrian and bike networks can help reduce traffic injury and support
physical activity – as well as reducing SCLPs, air pollution and CO2 emissions. More
physical activity, in turn, helps reduce obesity and obesity related-diseases.
A new “Urban Health Initiative” (UHI) of the CCAC/UNEP, led by WHO, World Bank, the
USA and Norway, aims to realize health benefits by tackling urban short-lived climate
pollutants. Other leaders of the initiative include the World Meteorological
Organization, UN Habitat, Clean Air
Asia, ICLEI global cities network, and
the Integrated Center for Mountain
Development (ICIMOD).
The UHI will step up collaborations with
the health sector, which can evaluate
urban policy options and priorities in
light of local health needs, inform
patient populations about air pollution’s
health risks as well as actions that
reduce their exposures. The UHI will
also collaborate with CCAC initiatives
on diesel vehicle emissions, household
cooking/heating, and municipal waste
management, among others.
!
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!
!
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!
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!
!5
6. OTHER RESOURCES
WHO
WHO Air Pollution and Health - http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/en/
WHO Household (Indoor) Air Pollution - http://www.who.int/indoorair/en/
WHO Indoor Air Quality Guidelines: household fuel combustion - http://www.who.int/
indoorair/guidelines/hhfc/en/
WHO Ambient (Outdoor) Air Pollution data 2014 - http://www.who.int/phe/
health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/
WHO Health in the Green Economy series: http://www.who.int/hia/green_economy/en/
CCAC
Breathe Life Health Campaign - http://www.unep.org/ccac/Initiatives/CCACHealth/
tabid/133348/Default.aspx
Urban Health Initiative - http://www.unep.org/ccac/Initiatives/UrbanHealth/tabid/
794596/Default.aspx
CCAC initiatives on household cooking/heating; diesel vehicles, municipal solid waste,
industrial and agricultural SLCP emissions - http://www.unep.org/ccac/Initiatives/tabid/
130287/Default.aspx
UNEP/WMO Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone Report
(2011) - http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/documents/BlackCarbon_SDM.pdf
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