This document provides an overview of climate change and human health. It discusses the international environment agenda related to climate change since the 1970s. It also reviews evidence of past climate changes and projections of future temperature increases. The document then examines how climate change can impact human health through changes in temperature extremes, precipitation, drought, and tropical cyclones. It reviews evidence of impacts of recent heat waves. The document discusses challenges in assessing the relationship between climate and health and detecting the effects of climate change. It also outlines how climate change may differ from other environmental health risk assessments given its scenario-based nature and focus on future time periods.
1. Climate change poses risks to human health in the UK through increased temperatures, worsening air pollution, and changes in disease patterns.
2. A government report found risks from heatwaves, floods and impacts on food and water safety due to climate change. Vulnerable groups like the elderly are most at risk.
3. Adaptation is needed to prepare for inevitable changes, through measures like improved early warning systems, climate-resilient infrastructure and public health guidance. Mitigation of greenhouse gases can also benefit health.
151218 2 middletonj save the planet save the nhsJohn Middleton
Planetary health, ecological public health relationship between climate change and public health globally and locally.Part of Birmingham University International Masters seminar series
This document outlines climate and bioclimate scenarios and their potential impacts on livestock production. It discusses how increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns may affect feed quality and availability, disease transmission, and animal health and welfare. The document also examines various adaptation strategies for livestock systems in response to climate change impacts, including improving heat abatement and modifying management practices.
This document discusses the complexity of the Earth system and sustainability challenges. It notes that the Earth is a complex system with living and non-living parts that interact across all scales. Models have been developed to understand and simulate this complex system, but they simplify and only capture certain components. The goals for the Earth system have also become more complex over time, ranging from harmony between humanity and nature to the current 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals. Managing this complex, evolving system presents significant challenges.
An introduction to some of the health risks associated with climate change. This presentation was part of the provincial researcher workshops conducted as part of the Adapting to Climate Change in China II project.
Climate change adaptation to protect human health copySazzad Khan
Climate change poses significant threats to human health according to the World Health Organization. The document outlines evidence that climate change is occurring due to increased atmospheric CO2 levels and rising global temperatures. It discusses how climate change can impact health through various pathways and lists some major health vulnerabilities in developing countries. The document then explains that adaptation measures are needed to protect human health from climate variability and change. It provides examples of global collaboration on climate and health adaptation projects between 2010-2014 and discusses vulnerabilities specific to Bangladesh.
Health, Climate change & WHO - Final donorreport2011Nexomed
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on health, what has been done to address these impacts, and what still needs to be done. It outlines how climate change is affecting health through increased temperatures, extreme weather, air pollution, food and water insecurity. It discusses how the WHO and others have raised awareness, formed partnerships, and conducted research on these issues. However, more still needs to be done to strengthen health systems, policies and funding to protect populations from climate change impacts through essential public health interventions.
1. Climate change poses risks to human health in the UK through increased temperatures, worsening air pollution, and changes in disease patterns.
2. A government report found risks from heatwaves, floods and impacts on food and water safety due to climate change. Vulnerable groups like the elderly are most at risk.
3. Adaptation is needed to prepare for inevitable changes, through measures like improved early warning systems, climate-resilient infrastructure and public health guidance. Mitigation of greenhouse gases can also benefit health.
151218 2 middletonj save the planet save the nhsJohn Middleton
Planetary health, ecological public health relationship between climate change and public health globally and locally.Part of Birmingham University International Masters seminar series
This document outlines climate and bioclimate scenarios and their potential impacts on livestock production. It discusses how increasing temperatures and changing precipitation patterns may affect feed quality and availability, disease transmission, and animal health and welfare. The document also examines various adaptation strategies for livestock systems in response to climate change impacts, including improving heat abatement and modifying management practices.
This document discusses the complexity of the Earth system and sustainability challenges. It notes that the Earth is a complex system with living and non-living parts that interact across all scales. Models have been developed to understand and simulate this complex system, but they simplify and only capture certain components. The goals for the Earth system have also become more complex over time, ranging from harmony between humanity and nature to the current 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals. Managing this complex, evolving system presents significant challenges.
An introduction to some of the health risks associated with climate change. This presentation was part of the provincial researcher workshops conducted as part of the Adapting to Climate Change in China II project.
Climate change adaptation to protect human health copySazzad Khan
Climate change poses significant threats to human health according to the World Health Organization. The document outlines evidence that climate change is occurring due to increased atmospheric CO2 levels and rising global temperatures. It discusses how climate change can impact health through various pathways and lists some major health vulnerabilities in developing countries. The document then explains that adaptation measures are needed to protect human health from climate variability and change. It provides examples of global collaboration on climate and health adaptation projects between 2010-2014 and discusses vulnerabilities specific to Bangladesh.
Health, Climate change & WHO - Final donorreport2011Nexomed
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on health, what has been done to address these impacts, and what still needs to be done. It outlines how climate change is affecting health through increased temperatures, extreme weather, air pollution, food and water insecurity. It discusses how the WHO and others have raised awareness, formed partnerships, and conducted research on these issues. However, more still needs to be done to strengthen health systems, policies and funding to protect populations from climate change impacts through essential public health interventions.
This presentation created and addressed by Omar Bellprat (IC3 Barcelona) in the intensive three day course from the BC3, Basque Centre for Climate Change and UPV/EHU (University of the Basque Country) on Climate Change in the Uda Ikastaroak Framework.
The objective of the BC3 Summer School is to offer an updated and multidisciplinary view of the ongoing trends in climate change research. The BC3 Summer School is organized in collaboration with the University of the Basque Country and is a high quality and excellent summer course gathering leading experts in the field and students from top universities and research centres worldwide.
Este es un paper que se refiere a la relación entre economía y cambio clímatico.
Actividad: Reconozca y resuma 5 Argumentos que expone el paper y redactelos en no más de 2000 caracteres. La respuesta DEBE ser en inglés. (Es el texto en inglés poh!)
Este documento es un resumen del informe Stern, quien el 2006 fue el primer economista en analizar los efectos del Cambio Climatico, a orden del Reino Unido.
Actividad: Resuma en 500 palabras la principal conclusión de este informe
This document provides an overview of climate change concepts including:
- Global carbon budgets that track emissions partitioning between the atmosphere and carbon sinks. The imbalance reflects uncertainties.
- Historical cumulative fossil CO2 emissions have been led by developed nations like the US, EU, China, and Russia.
- The IPCC outlines climate change risks and impacts, as well as the need to limit warming to 1.5°C to avoid worst effects.
- Scenarios like RCPs and SSPs are used to model potential future pathways based on different levels of emissions and socioeconomic conditions.
This document provides an introduction to climate change science. It discusses that climate change is a large, complex issue that involves many scientific disciplines, businesses, citizens, and governments. It will affect all aspects of our lives. The key components of the climate system are described, and it is established that human activities are changing the composition of the air and land use, causing the climate to warm. The risks of climate change impacts like more extreme weather events are presented. Finally, it discusses that the options to address climate change are mitigation, adaptation, or suffering the impacts.
Climate change will affect human health in many ways. Rising temperatures are expected to increase heat-related deaths and illness, especially among elderly populations. More severe extreme weather events like floods and storms will also cause more injuries and deaths as well as spread infectious diseases. Changes in climate patterns may alter the ranges of some vector-borne diseases, increasing transmission in new areas. Over time, climate change could disrupt global food production and damage ecosystems, leading to widespread health problems. While some regions may see reduced winter mortality, the overall health impacts of climate change are expected to be overwhelmingly negative.
This document discusses climate change and its impacts on health. It begins by defining climate change and summarizing the key findings of the IPCC's 4th assessment report regarding rising global temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns. It then outlines how climate change undermines environmental health determinants like water, food security, and infectious diseases. Various health effects of climate change are presented such as increased deaths from heat, weather disasters, and changes in disease transmission. The document reviews what actions have been taken internationally and by WHO to increase awareness, form partnerships, develop the evidence base, and strengthen health systems to respond to climate change impacts. It emphasizes the need for continued support for health adaptation.
Workshop held on 1st of April in Vientnane, Laos. Participants from national institurions (agriculture, education, planning) where joining presentations on the overview of climate variability in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region, using crop modeling and land use change analysis.
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policybis_foresight
The document discusses three main challenges related to climate change: the scientific challenge of observing, understanding, and predicting climate behavior; the communications challenge of translating complex climate science for policymakers and the public; and the policy challenge of responding to climate risks. It provides details on trends in climate observations, the scientific consensus around human-caused warming, and impacts that could be expected at different levels of temperature rise. It also examines public opinions on climate change and options for policy responses like mitigation and adaptation.
Climate change &animal health By Dr. V.K.GUPTA, Senior Scientist, Divisi...Dr Vinod Gupta
Climate change is caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. This document discusses the impacts of climate change on animal health and livestock production. As temperatures rise due to climate change, animals experience heat stress, which decreases their growth, milk production, and reproductive performance. Climate change also alters the spread of diseases by affecting vectors like mosquitoes and ticks that transmit diseases to animals. Changes in climate patterns can decrease food security and water availability for animals. Combating climate change will require global cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as local efforts to help animals adapt through improved management practices.
Parliament - Introduction to climate change science : Why we are sure of clim...ipcc-media
This document discusses climate change science and its impacts. It explains that human greenhouse gas emissions are unequivocally warming the planet and altering the climate system. Climate models have improved and show that continued emissions will lead to further warming between 2.8-3.6 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by 2100. This level of warming risks severe consequences for human societies and natural systems through impacts like rising sea levels, stronger extreme weather, food insecurity, and health issues. Urgent emissions reductions are needed to limit global warming and prevent its worst effects.
Climate change poses significant risks to human health that require urgent action. The document outlines the health impacts of climate change such as increased deaths from heat waves, spread of diseases, food and water insecurity. It discusses what has been done through international agreements and WHO efforts in raising awareness, building partnerships and evidence. However, more still needs to be done including strengthening health systems, scaling up proven interventions and increasing funding to protect populations from climate change health impacts.
A multi-organization high-level compilation of the most recent science related to
climate change, impacts and responses
Publication date: September 2022
ASPHER's ambition in climate change and health educationJohn Middleton
A presentation for the launch of the ASPHER Climate change and health education EU Health Policy Platform network 202207 ASPHER middletonj climate change and health long version.pptx
This document provides an overview, updates, and recommendations for moving forward on climate action and addressing gender issues from a presentation by Engr. Rogelio B. Gabuyo Jr. It defines key climate change terms, reviews the science and vital signs of climate change globally and locally. It discusses international agreements like the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement as well as national climate actions and policies. Gender is identified as a key factor in climate impacts and risks. Recommendations are provided to mainstream gender in climate policies and move forward on climate action through individual contributions to areas like waste management, water and sanitation, forests, wildlife, and energy.
health can be affected by many factors.These may be in terms of environment and also internal body changes depending on climate.It is discussed in details on these slides the main factors that attribute to the health problems.Countries vary differently in terms of number of people contracting diseases due to different physical,social and psychological effects.
Climate change affects human health in several different ways, and one important effect is through changes in air pollution. Here I will discuss the state of science currently on how climate change affects air pollution, and the resulting effects on human health, drawing from the broad literature and highlighting studies from my lab. In particular, I will discuss: 1) The effects of air pollution on health globally, 2) How climate change affects air pollution, 3) The effects of climate change on air pollution and health globally, and 4) The co-benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation for air pollution and health, globally and in the US.
Changes in Climate and Imminent Effects There is .docxsleeperharwell
Changes in Climate and Imminent Effects
There is evidence of global warming and climatic change seen in the history of time which has impaled many kinds of research and reports on climate change. Thus, there is a global scientific organization that is tasked with the assessment of emerging information on climate change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015). This organization is known as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change (IPCC). The group is the most dependable source of impartial facts on the subject of climate variation. Additionally, the IPCC is able to detail long-term and short-term effects of climate change inclusive of the specific regions to be affected. Thus, an insight into some environmental changes discussed by IPCC is sought and discussed below.
Temperature Changes
The temperature ranges are expected to change further in the future as projected the climate models. This is attributed to the effects of global warming that are progressively being witnessed. The key global changes that are related to temperature are as follows. First, by 2100 surges in average universal temperatures are probable to be ranging between 0.5°F to 8.6°F with an expected rise of a minimum of 2.7°F for all situations (Hawkins & Sutton, 2016). This excludes the one demonstrating the greenhouse gas emissions which is the most belligerent. Similarly, ground-level atmospheric temperatures are anticipated to remain to warm more promptly above land than water bodies. This thus shows that most areas are expected to see greater temperature rises than the total average.
A rise in Sea Level
Increase in temperatures leads to sea level rise by dissolving mountain glaciers and hoarfrost, intensifying ocean water and instigating parts of the Antarctic ice pieces and Greenland to dissolve or stream into the sea. Research anticipates worldwide sea level to increase by an additional 1 to 4 feet with an improbability range of 0.66 to 6.6 feet by the year 2100 (Mengel et al., 2016). The influence of thermal increase, frost caps, and trifling glaciers to the ocean level rise are comparatively well calculated. Thus, by the end of this century, 1.2 to 8 inches of sea level rise will be accounted for by vicissitudes in ice sheets that are currently being experienced.
Acidification of the Oceans
The continuous increase of emission of Carbon (IV) oxide will subsequently result to increase in ocean acidification. The global surface of the pH of the ocean is also projected to decrease at a rate of 0.14 and 0.35 over the 21st century (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015). Ocean acidification therefore harmfully distresses many aquatic species, including corals, shellfish, planktons, and mollusks. As a result of the acidification, the disposal of calcium carbonate will drop which is a crucial component for the exoskeleton of marine organisms (Seijo & Villanueva , 2018). Further, the rates of coral calcification are proposed.
The document provides an overview of images from a draft US climate change assessment report that discusses the science of climate change, including rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, effects in polar regions like declining sea ice and thawing permafrost, impacts on agriculture and food security from changing conditions and crop yields, and implications for public health. The images show projections of future climate conditions under different emissions scenarios and observed trends in key climate indicators like rising CO2 levels and global temperatures that can only be explained by human influence on the climate system.
financial viability of the climate adaptation interventions-Othman Elshaikh
The document proposes climate adaptation interventions to support smallholder farmers in Southern Egypt and increase their resilience. It identifies challenges facing farmers such as limited productive capacity, water resources, and access to technical support, as well as exposure to climate risks. Interventions discussed include introducing improved agriculture techniques like heat-tolerant seeds, raised bed cultivation, and irrigation improvements to save water and increase production. Establishing water user associations and producing alternative livestock fodder are also proposed. The interventions aim to save water, reduce chemical fertilizers and farming costs, build resilience, and increase farm income for vulnerable farmers in the region.
AGRICULTURAL REPORT FOR LUXOR GOVERNORATE_.pptxOthman Elshaikh
The agricultural report for Luxor Governorate discusses land use changes between 1984 and 2018 that saw agricultural lands increase from 1238.7 km2 to 1707.04 km2 while urban lands grew from 345.2 km2 to 445.28 km2. Groundwater salinization affecting 11-30% of irrigated areas is also examined, caused by dissolved salts and saline water. The dominant crops in Luxor like tomatoes, sugarcane, grapes, and bananas are influenced by the hot climate with an average temperature of 33.4°C.
This presentation created and addressed by Omar Bellprat (IC3 Barcelona) in the intensive three day course from the BC3, Basque Centre for Climate Change and UPV/EHU (University of the Basque Country) on Climate Change in the Uda Ikastaroak Framework.
The objective of the BC3 Summer School is to offer an updated and multidisciplinary view of the ongoing trends in climate change research. The BC3 Summer School is organized in collaboration with the University of the Basque Country and is a high quality and excellent summer course gathering leading experts in the field and students from top universities and research centres worldwide.
Este es un paper que se refiere a la relación entre economía y cambio clímatico.
Actividad: Reconozca y resuma 5 Argumentos que expone el paper y redactelos en no más de 2000 caracteres. La respuesta DEBE ser en inglés. (Es el texto en inglés poh!)
Este documento es un resumen del informe Stern, quien el 2006 fue el primer economista en analizar los efectos del Cambio Climatico, a orden del Reino Unido.
Actividad: Resuma en 500 palabras la principal conclusión de este informe
This document provides an overview of climate change concepts including:
- Global carbon budgets that track emissions partitioning between the atmosphere and carbon sinks. The imbalance reflects uncertainties.
- Historical cumulative fossil CO2 emissions have been led by developed nations like the US, EU, China, and Russia.
- The IPCC outlines climate change risks and impacts, as well as the need to limit warming to 1.5°C to avoid worst effects.
- Scenarios like RCPs and SSPs are used to model potential future pathways based on different levels of emissions and socioeconomic conditions.
This document provides an introduction to climate change science. It discusses that climate change is a large, complex issue that involves many scientific disciplines, businesses, citizens, and governments. It will affect all aspects of our lives. The key components of the climate system are described, and it is established that human activities are changing the composition of the air and land use, causing the climate to warm. The risks of climate change impacts like more extreme weather events are presented. Finally, it discusses that the options to address climate change are mitigation, adaptation, or suffering the impacts.
Climate change will affect human health in many ways. Rising temperatures are expected to increase heat-related deaths and illness, especially among elderly populations. More severe extreme weather events like floods and storms will also cause more injuries and deaths as well as spread infectious diseases. Changes in climate patterns may alter the ranges of some vector-borne diseases, increasing transmission in new areas. Over time, climate change could disrupt global food production and damage ecosystems, leading to widespread health problems. While some regions may see reduced winter mortality, the overall health impacts of climate change are expected to be overwhelmingly negative.
This document discusses climate change and its impacts on health. It begins by defining climate change and summarizing the key findings of the IPCC's 4th assessment report regarding rising global temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns. It then outlines how climate change undermines environmental health determinants like water, food security, and infectious diseases. Various health effects of climate change are presented such as increased deaths from heat, weather disasters, and changes in disease transmission. The document reviews what actions have been taken internationally and by WHO to increase awareness, form partnerships, develop the evidence base, and strengthen health systems to respond to climate change impacts. It emphasizes the need for continued support for health adaptation.
Workshop held on 1st of April in Vientnane, Laos. Participants from national institurions (agriculture, education, planning) where joining presentations on the overview of climate variability in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region, using crop modeling and land use change analysis.
Energy and Climate Change: Challenges for Science and Policybis_foresight
The document discusses three main challenges related to climate change: the scientific challenge of observing, understanding, and predicting climate behavior; the communications challenge of translating complex climate science for policymakers and the public; and the policy challenge of responding to climate risks. It provides details on trends in climate observations, the scientific consensus around human-caused warming, and impacts that could be expected at different levels of temperature rise. It also examines public opinions on climate change and options for policy responses like mitigation and adaptation.
Climate change &animal health By Dr. V.K.GUPTA, Senior Scientist, Divisi...Dr Vinod Gupta
Climate change is caused by human emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. This document discusses the impacts of climate change on animal health and livestock production. As temperatures rise due to climate change, animals experience heat stress, which decreases their growth, milk production, and reproductive performance. Climate change also alters the spread of diseases by affecting vectors like mosquitoes and ticks that transmit diseases to animals. Changes in climate patterns can decrease food security and water availability for animals. Combating climate change will require global cooperation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as local efforts to help animals adapt through improved management practices.
Parliament - Introduction to climate change science : Why we are sure of clim...ipcc-media
This document discusses climate change science and its impacts. It explains that human greenhouse gas emissions are unequivocally warming the planet and altering the climate system. Climate models have improved and show that continued emissions will lead to further warming between 2.8-3.6 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by 2100. This level of warming risks severe consequences for human societies and natural systems through impacts like rising sea levels, stronger extreme weather, food insecurity, and health issues. Urgent emissions reductions are needed to limit global warming and prevent its worst effects.
Climate change poses significant risks to human health that require urgent action. The document outlines the health impacts of climate change such as increased deaths from heat waves, spread of diseases, food and water insecurity. It discusses what has been done through international agreements and WHO efforts in raising awareness, building partnerships and evidence. However, more still needs to be done including strengthening health systems, scaling up proven interventions and increasing funding to protect populations from climate change health impacts.
A multi-organization high-level compilation of the most recent science related to
climate change, impacts and responses
Publication date: September 2022
ASPHER's ambition in climate change and health educationJohn Middleton
A presentation for the launch of the ASPHER Climate change and health education EU Health Policy Platform network 202207 ASPHER middletonj climate change and health long version.pptx
This document provides an overview, updates, and recommendations for moving forward on climate action and addressing gender issues from a presentation by Engr. Rogelio B. Gabuyo Jr. It defines key climate change terms, reviews the science and vital signs of climate change globally and locally. It discusses international agreements like the UNFCCC and Paris Agreement as well as national climate actions and policies. Gender is identified as a key factor in climate impacts and risks. Recommendations are provided to mainstream gender in climate policies and move forward on climate action through individual contributions to areas like waste management, water and sanitation, forests, wildlife, and energy.
health can be affected by many factors.These may be in terms of environment and also internal body changes depending on climate.It is discussed in details on these slides the main factors that attribute to the health problems.Countries vary differently in terms of number of people contracting diseases due to different physical,social and psychological effects.
Climate change affects human health in several different ways, and one important effect is through changes in air pollution. Here I will discuss the state of science currently on how climate change affects air pollution, and the resulting effects on human health, drawing from the broad literature and highlighting studies from my lab. In particular, I will discuss: 1) The effects of air pollution on health globally, 2) How climate change affects air pollution, 3) The effects of climate change on air pollution and health globally, and 4) The co-benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation for air pollution and health, globally and in the US.
Changes in Climate and Imminent Effects There is .docxsleeperharwell
Changes in Climate and Imminent Effects
There is evidence of global warming and climatic change seen in the history of time which has impaled many kinds of research and reports on climate change. Thus, there is a global scientific organization that is tasked with the assessment of emerging information on climate change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015). This organization is known as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change (IPCC). The group is the most dependable source of impartial facts on the subject of climate variation. Additionally, the IPCC is able to detail long-term and short-term effects of climate change inclusive of the specific regions to be affected. Thus, an insight into some environmental changes discussed by IPCC is sought and discussed below.
Temperature Changes
The temperature ranges are expected to change further in the future as projected the climate models. This is attributed to the effects of global warming that are progressively being witnessed. The key global changes that are related to temperature are as follows. First, by 2100 surges in average universal temperatures are probable to be ranging between 0.5°F to 8.6°F with an expected rise of a minimum of 2.7°F for all situations (Hawkins & Sutton, 2016). This excludes the one demonstrating the greenhouse gas emissions which is the most belligerent. Similarly, ground-level atmospheric temperatures are anticipated to remain to warm more promptly above land than water bodies. This thus shows that most areas are expected to see greater temperature rises than the total average.
A rise in Sea Level
Increase in temperatures leads to sea level rise by dissolving mountain glaciers and hoarfrost, intensifying ocean water and instigating parts of the Antarctic ice pieces and Greenland to dissolve or stream into the sea. Research anticipates worldwide sea level to increase by an additional 1 to 4 feet with an improbability range of 0.66 to 6.6 feet by the year 2100 (Mengel et al., 2016). The influence of thermal increase, frost caps, and trifling glaciers to the ocean level rise are comparatively well calculated. Thus, by the end of this century, 1.2 to 8 inches of sea level rise will be accounted for by vicissitudes in ice sheets that are currently being experienced.
Acidification of the Oceans
The continuous increase of emission of Carbon (IV) oxide will subsequently result to increase in ocean acidification. The global surface of the pH of the ocean is also projected to decrease at a rate of 0.14 and 0.35 over the 21st century (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015). Ocean acidification therefore harmfully distresses many aquatic species, including corals, shellfish, planktons, and mollusks. As a result of the acidification, the disposal of calcium carbonate will drop which is a crucial component for the exoskeleton of marine organisms (Seijo & Villanueva , 2018). Further, the rates of coral calcification are proposed.
The document provides an overview of images from a draft US climate change assessment report that discusses the science of climate change, including rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, effects in polar regions like declining sea ice and thawing permafrost, impacts on agriculture and food security from changing conditions and crop yields, and implications for public health. The images show projections of future climate conditions under different emissions scenarios and observed trends in key climate indicators like rising CO2 levels and global temperatures that can only be explained by human influence on the climate system.
financial viability of the climate adaptation interventions-Othman Elshaikh
The document proposes climate adaptation interventions to support smallholder farmers in Southern Egypt and increase their resilience. It identifies challenges facing farmers such as limited productive capacity, water resources, and access to technical support, as well as exposure to climate risks. Interventions discussed include introducing improved agriculture techniques like heat-tolerant seeds, raised bed cultivation, and irrigation improvements to save water and increase production. Establishing water user associations and producing alternative livestock fodder are also proposed. The interventions aim to save water, reduce chemical fertilizers and farming costs, build resilience, and increase farm income for vulnerable farmers in the region.
AGRICULTURAL REPORT FOR LUXOR GOVERNORATE_.pptxOthman Elshaikh
The agricultural report for Luxor Governorate discusses land use changes between 1984 and 2018 that saw agricultural lands increase from 1238.7 km2 to 1707.04 km2 while urban lands grew from 345.2 km2 to 445.28 km2. Groundwater salinization affecting 11-30% of irrigated areas is also examined, caused by dissolved salts and saline water. The dominant crops in Luxor like tomatoes, sugarcane, grapes, and bananas are influenced by the hot climate with an average temperature of 33.4°C.
Title: Bridging Science and Local Communities for Sustainable Agriculture
Description: This presentation explores the potential of bridging the gap between the scientific community and local communities, with a focus on farmer organizations and the utilization of local resources in Egypt. It discusses the impact of climate change on agriculture and the implementation rate of new adaptation solutions among large producers and smallholder farmers. The presentation aims to highlight the importance of leveraging scientific research and local knowledge to ensure that interventions are not only scientifically sound but also culturally appropriate and economically viable. It underscores the need for a more inclusive, effective, and sustainable path towards agricultural advancement. This presentation is intended for researchers interested in sustainable agriculture, climate change adaptation, and community-based solutions. It also provides insights into the work of EASD, an NGO actively seeking scientific partners for implementing sustainable agricultural practices.
Sowing Sustainability: A Call to Agroecology in LuxorOthman Elshaikh
The presentation discusses agroecological practices being implemented by farmers in Luxor, Egypt. It is presented by Othman Elshaikh of the Egyptian Association for Sustainable Development, which promotes agroecology. The presentation defines agroecology, outlines agroecological principles like biodiversity conservation and sustainability, and describes practices used in Luxor like crop rotation and mixed cropping. It analyzes the impacts of these practices, such as increased soil fertility and resilience. Challenges to adopting agroecology are also presented, along with innovative solutions and opportunities for farmers.
The Egyptian Association for Sustainable Development (EASD) promotes innovative solutions to Egypt's water scarcity problems. The EASD supports sustainable agriculture, improved water management, sanitation facilities, healthcare services, and renewable energy. It partners with organizations like USAID and the Egyptian government. Egypt faces water stress due to limited renewable supply and climate change impacts like reduced rainfall and increased droughts. This threatens food security as Egypt imports much of its food. The EASD advocates improving irrigation efficiency, desalination, water recycling, rainwater harvesting, and conservation to enhance water availability.
World Environment Day is an annual event established by the UN to raise awareness about environmental protection. This year's theme is "Beat Plastic Pollution." Plastic pollution poses a threat to the environment, wildlife, and human health. Everyone can play a role in reducing single-use plastics and properly disposing of and recycling plastics. Collective small actions can make a significant difference in beating plastic pollution and creating a more sustainable future.
Community-based Compost production unit(2).pptxOthman Elshaikh
The document proposes a community-based compost production business model in Egypt. Agricultural waste amounts to 30-35 million tons annually in Egypt but only a small portion is utilized. A cooperative model is proposed where members voluntarily join a community development association (CDA) that collects agricultural waste from farms to produce compost. The CDA would sell the partially processed compost locally, prioritizing members. The business aims to benefit 200 farmers annually and add value to 250 tons of agricultural waste by producing compost and animal fodder to reduce input costs for farmers. Risks include lack of community interest but can be mitigated by community awareness activities and strong leadership.
Financial Viability of the climate adaptation interventions.pptxOthman Elshaikh
The document proposes climate adaptation interventions to support smallholder farmers in Southern Egypt and increase their resilience. It identifies challenges facing farmers such as limited productive capacity, water resources, and access to technical support, as well as exposure to climate risks. Interventions discussed include introducing improved agriculture techniques, heat-tolerant crop varieties, water user associations, irrigation improvements, and alternative livestock fodder to address these challenges. The interventions aim to save water, reduce chemical fertilizers and farming costs, build resilience, and increase farm income for vulnerable farmers in the region.
Towards People-Centred Climate-Resilient Food Security SystemsOthman Elshaikh
The document summarizes a project in Southern Egypt that aims to improve food security and build climate resilience through land consolidation and other interventions. Key points:
- The project pilots people-centered climate-friendly interventions in 14 villages, with the goal of scaling up across Southern Egypt.
- Interventions include land consolidation, early warning systems, water saving techniques, and building agricultural resilience.
- Land consolidation overcomes challenges of small land holdings, improves efficiency, and revives collaboration within villages.
- The project empowers local people and increases productivity, awareness, and ability to manage climate shocks.
Towards strengthening the role of women in the rural community after the thir...Othman Elshaikh
The Executive Agency for Comprehensive Development Projects (EACDP) has implemented several vocational training programs to strengthen the role of women in rural communities. These programs provided training in sewing, knitting, dairy production, and handicrafts to women in the governorates of Assiut, Sohag, Aswan, and Red Sea. The training empowered women by teaching skills to start small businesses producing and marketing clothes, dairy products, and handicrafts. EACDP collaborated with local organizations and cooperatives to manage the training centers and help market the products. The goal was to enhance economic opportunities for rural women through vocational skills development and asset creation projects.
This document outlines a project to build food security resilience in Southern Egypt in response to increasing climate vulnerability rates. The project aims to 1) improve smallholders' adaptive capacity through integrated interventions and 2) build institutional capacity to enable sustainability. Interventions include introducing heat/drought tolerant crops, livestock loans, irrigation techniques, early warning systems, and capacity building. Indicators of success include adoption by farmers, government replication, and international recognition as a best practice. Lessons learned highlight the effectiveness of farmer-focused technologies, local outreach methods, and income generation in building household resilience.
Water saving presentation land and water days 2019 o&iOthman Elshaikh
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Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
1. Climate Change and Human Health:
an overview
Sari Kovats
Centre on Global Change and Health,
Department of Public Health and Policy,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine.
17 October 2005
RSS Meeting
2. International environment
agenda
1972 Club of Rome Limits to Growth .
1972 UN World Conference on the Human Environment.
1987. World Commission on Environment and Development “Our
Common Future”
WSSD. [World Summit on Sustainable Development] Rio 1992
– Framework Conventions on Climate Change, Biodiversity and others.
– Agenda 21
1997 Kyoto Protocol
WSSD - Johannesburg 2002 [Rio+10]
– UN Kofi Annan proposed five key areas for particular focus: WEHAB
[Water, Energy, Health, Agriculture, Biodiversity]
2005 Kyoto Protocol comes into force. US opts out.
Millennium Development Goals
7. -1.00
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 2041 2051 2061 2071 2081 2091
Year
Change
in
Global
Temperatures
wrt
1961-90
(°C)
IS92A
A1FI
A2a
A2b
A2c
A2(Mean)
B1a
B2a
B2b
B2(mean)
Source: IPCC, 2001
Global mean temperature..
future projections
8. Several models -
All SRES Envelope
1990
1900 2000 2100
I Risks to Unique and Threatened Systems
II Risks from Extreme Climate Events
III Distribution of Impacts
IV Aggregate Impacts
V Risks from Future Large-Scale Discontinuities
Reasons for concern
Temperature
change
(
o
C)
I II III IV V
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
A1F1
A1B
A1T
A2
B1
B2
IS92A
Observed
9. Changes in phenomenon Confidence in
observed
changes
(latter half of
1900s)
Confidence in
projected
changes to
2100
Higher maximum temperatures
- more hot days
Likely Very likely
Higher minimum temperatures,
- fewer cold days and frost days
Very likely Very likely
Increase of heat index over land areas Likely Very likely
More intense precipitation events Likely,
(N mid to high
latitudes)
Very likely
Increased summer continental drying and
associated risk of drought
Likely, in a few areas Likely, over most mid-
latitude
continental
interiors.
Increase in tropical cyclone peak wind
intensities
Not observed in the
few analysis
available
Likely, over some
areas
Increase in tropical cyclone mean and
peak precipitation intensities
Insufficient data Likely, over some
areas
IPCC WORKING GROUP I Third Assessment Report 2001
12. approx 27,720 deaths
2003 – Italy, 1/6 to 15/8 3134 (15%) in all
Italian capitals.
Deaths in same period in 2002 (Conti et al., 2005)
2003 – France
1/8 to 20/8
14802 (60%) Average of deaths for same period in
years 2000 to 2002
(Insitut de Veille
Sanitaire, 2003)
2003 – Portugal
1/8 to 31/8
1854 (40 %) Deaths in same period in 1997-2001 (Botelho et al., 2005)
2003 – Spain
1/8 to 31/8
3166 (8%) Deaths in same period 1990-2002 (Navarro et al., 2004)
2003- Switzerland,
1/6 to 31/8 [3 months]
975 deaths
(6.9%)
Predicted values from Poisson
regression model.
(Grize et al., 2005)
2003 – Netherlands
01/06 – 23/08
1400 deaths Number of degrees above 22,3 °C
multiplicated with the estimated
number of excess deaths per degree
(25-35 excess deaths
(Centraal Bureau voor de
Statistiek (CBS), 2003)
2003 - Baden-
Wuertermburg, Germany
01/08 – 24/08
1410 deaths Calculations based on mortality of past
five years
(Sozialministerium
Baden-Wuerttemberg,
2004)
2003 – Belgium 1297 deaths for
age group over
65
Average of deaths for same period in
years 1985 to 2002
(Sartor, 2004)
2003 – England and Wales
04/08-13/08
2091 (17%). Average of deaths for same period in
years 1998 to 2002
(Johnson et al., 2005)
13. Impacts of climate change
Agriculture and food security
Sea level rise, coastal flooding and coastal
areas.
Biodiversity and ecosystems
Water resources
Human health
Infrastructure, industry and human
settlements
Weather disasters (floods, storms).
14. REGIONAL
WEATHER
CHANGES:
- extreme
weather
- temperature
- precipitation
Air pollution
levels
Contamination
pathways
Transmission
dynamics
HEALTH EFFECTS
Heat-related
illness, death
Flood, storm-
related health
effects
Air pollution effects
Water- and food
borne diseases
Vector-borne and
rodent-borne
disease
Adaptation
measures
Moderating
influences
CLIMATE
CHANGE
How climate change affects health
16. Complexity: different types of
evidence for health effects
Health impacts of individual extreme events
(heat waves, floods, storms, droughts);
Spatial studies, where climate is an
explanatory variable in the distribution of the
disease or the disease vector
Temporal studies,
– inter-annual climate variability,
– short term (daily, weekly) changes (weather)
– longer term (decadal) changes in the context of
detecting early effects of climate change.
Experimental laboratory and field studies of
vector, pathogen, or plant (allergenic) biology.
17. Assessment of causality…
measure and control confounders;
describe the geographical area from which the health
data are derived;
use appropriate observed meteorological data for
population of interest (the use of reanalysis data may
give spurious results for studies of local effects);
have plausible biological explanation for association
between weather parameters and disease outcome;
remove any trend and seasonal patterns when using
time-series data prior to assessing relationships;
report associations both with and without adjustments
for spatial or temporal autocorrelation.
18. Detection and attribution
What is the scientific evidence that global
climate change is affecting human health?
Where and how should we be looking for
evidence?
Considering the paucity of data, what do
we accept as evidence within this context?
19. Tick-borne Encephalitis, Sweden: 1990s vs 1980s:
winter warming trend
Early
1980s
Mid-
1990s
White dots indicate locations where ticks were reported. Black line indicates study region.
(Lindgren et al., 2000)
20. Evidence on biological effects of
observed climate change
effects on physiology: metabolic or
development rates of animals, and plant
processes;
effects on distributions: response to shifts in
mean temperature and precipitation conditions
Effect on phenology: timing of life-cycle
events, e.g. budding of flowers or egg laying;
Adaptation: species with short generation
times and rapid population growth rates may
undergo some micro-evolution.
Hughes 2000
21. Evidence of northward shifts:
Europe
Bluetongue virus- disease and vector in Europe
– (Mellor and Hamblin, 2004; Purse et al., 2005)
Leishmaniasis (which also affects humans) in
dog reservoir
– ? role of previous underreporting (Lindgren and Naucke,
2005)
Tick vectors-
– Sweden (Lindgren and Talleklint, 2000; Lindgren and
Gustafson, 2001)
– Denmark (Skarphedinsson et al., 2005)
– Canada (Barker and Lindsay, 2000)
22. How CC differs from other environmental
health risk assessments
Scenario based.
– Population not individual exposure
assessment
Future worlds:
– Population growth
– Development pathway
disease baseline
relationship between climate and impacts
(adaptive capacity)
23. Global Burden of Disease
Standard method developed by WHO.
Based on best-available quantitative evidence
Estimates by region, age, sex
Combined metric – DALY
– Disability adjusted life year
Identifies global and regional health priorities…
24. Impact models
Estimates of populations at risk
• hunger
• water stress
• coastal flooding
• malaria
• dengue
Greenhouse gas
emissions
scenarios
Defined by IPCC
Global climate
scenarios:
Generates series of maps of
predicted future distribution of
climate variables
30 year averages
2020s
2050s
2080s
Time
2050 2100
2020s 2050s 2080s
Modelling impacts of climate change
25. Assumptions:
e.g. heat-related mortality
Adaptive capacity
– Climate change concept, reflects ability of a
population to cope with impacts of climate change
Acclimatization
– Threshold of mortality response moves
Changes in exposure response relationship
– E.g. due to changes in air conditioning access, etc.
– Evident for both heat and cold effects
– ?independent of aging population
Evidence base
– Published studies that show observed changes since
1900….Heat (Davies, Keatinge) and cold (Kunst, Keatinge,
Carson)
.8
.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
Relative
risk
0 10 20 30 40
Maximum temperature (lag 0)
All-cause mortality
26. Urban area Health
outcome
measure
Model Climate
scenario
Non-climate
assumptions
Results ref
UK Heat- and
cold-related
mortality
and hospital
admissions.
Empirical-
statistical
model,
derived
from
observed
mortality.
UKCIP
scenarios
2020s,
2050s,
2080s
No population
growth. No
acclimatization
assumed.
Medium-high climate
change scenario would
result in an estimated
2800 heat deaths per
year in the UK in the
2050s (250%
increase). Greater
reductions in cold-
related mortality.
Keatinge et al.
(Department
of Health,
2002)
Lisbon,
Portugal
Heat-related
death
Empirical-
statistical
model,
derived
from
observed
summer
mortality.
2xCO2
emissions
RCMs:
PROMES
and
HadRM2
SRES population
scenarios.
Assumes some
acclimatization.
Increases in heat
related mortality, by
2020s, to range 5.8-
15.1 deaths per
100,000, from baseline
5.4-6 deaths per
100,000
(Dessai, 2003)
Six cities in
Australia
[Adelaide,
Brisbane,
Hobart,
Melbourne,
Perth,
Sydney]
Two cities in
New Zealand
[Auckland,
Christchurch]
Heat- and
cold-related
mortality in
over 65s
Empirical-
statistical
model,
derived
from
observed
monthly
mortality.
High,
medium
and low
emissions.
CSIROMk2,
ECHAM4
Population
growth, and
population
ageing.
No
acclimatization.
Increases in heat-
related mortality in
over 65s, increases
large in temperature
cities. Less reductions
in cold related
mortality.
(McMichael et
al., 2003)
27. High child,
high
adult
High child,
very
high
adult
M F Both M F M F
(000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000) (000)
Addictive substances
Tobacco 3 893 1 014 4 907 43 7 84 26
Alcohol 1 638 166 1 804 53 15 125 30
Illicit drugs 163 41 204 5 1 1 0
Environmental risks
Unsafe water, sanitation hygiene 895 835 1 730 129 103 207 169
Urban air pollution 411 388 799 11 11 5 5
Indoor smoke from solid fuels 658 961 1 619 93 80 118 101
Lead exposure 155 79 234 5 4 4 3
Climate change 76 78 154 9 9 18 18
Occupational risks
Risk factors for injury 291 19 310 14 1 18 1
Carcinogens 118 28 146 1 0 1 1
Airborne particulates 217 26 243 3 0 3 0
Ergonomic stressors 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Noise 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
World Africa
World Health Report 2002
Global Burden of Disease
World Health Organization
28. Diarrhoea incidence in AfrD
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
Year
Ann.
Incidence/1000
No cc
UE (low)
UE (mid)
UE (high)
Applying the relative risk to baseline
incidence
29. Three eras of public health practice
Era Risk Source Public health
response
Industrial revolution
1870-1930
Infectious disease
Cholera, diphtheria,
TB
Water, air,
crowding
Technical
solutions
Sewerage, domestic
hygiene, urban
design
Economic
development
1930-1970
Ways of living.
Acute toxicity, lung
cancer, chemicals
Lead, asbestos,
waste
Lifestyle change
Petrol standards,
monitoring and
reporting,
Sustainable
Development
1970-
Global stress
Melanoma, disease
spread, allergies,
toxicity
UV radiation,
climate
change,
environmental
degradation
Governance
solutions
CFC controls, limit
energy use,
environmental
management.
Source: Brown et al. 2005, p 5.
30. Conclusions
Estimates of near term impacts for health policy
decision makers
Need scenarios of extremes
Downscaling
– Interactions between cc and UHI [urban heat island]
Importance of population projections
Competing trends
Importance of metrics
– Deaths, YLL, dollars.
Modifiers and adaptive capacity
– Must be evidence based, but up to a point….