This study evaluated the effects of row spacing and fertilizer rates on yield and growth of transplanted tef in Ethiopia over two growing seasons. Four row spacings (15cm, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm) and two fertilizer rates (100/100 and 50/100 kg/ha of urea/DAP) were tested. Transplanting tef resulted in 29.2-39.3% higher yields than broadcasting. The highest grain yield of 24.4 Q/ha was obtained with a row spacing of 15cm. Applying 100 kg/ha of urea produced more tillers and higher yields than 50 kg/ha. The optimum row spacing and fertilizer rate for transplanted tef
International Food Policy Research Institute/ Ethiopia Strategy Support Program and Ethiopian Development Research Institute co-organized a full day conference on Teff value chain with Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research and Agriculutural Transformation Agency on October 10, 2013 at Hilton Hotel
Presented by Sue Edwards, Institute for Sustainable Development
at the National Colloquium on System of Crop Intensification
Held on March 2, 2011 in Patna, Bihar
International Food Policy Research Institute/ Ethiopia Strategy Support Program (IFPRI/ ESSP)and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Coordinated a conference with Agriculutral Transformation Agency (ATA) and Ministry of Agriculutrue (MoA) on Teff Value Chain at Hilton Hotel Addis Ababa on October 10, 2013.
International Food Policy Research Institute/ Ethiopia Strategy Support Program (IFPRI/ ESSP)and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Coordinated a conference with Agriculutral Transformation Agency (ATA) and Ministry of Agriculutrue (MoA) on Teff Value Chain at Hilton Hotel Addis Ababa on October 10, 2013.
The Impact of the Promotion of Row Planting on Farmers’ Teff Yield in Ethiopiaessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI). Conference on "Towards what works in Rural Development in Ethiopia: Evidence on the Impact of Investments and Policies". December 13, 2013. Hilton Hotel, Addis Ababa.
Presented By: Tareke Berhe, Ayele G. Ayetenfisu,
Zewdie Gebretsadik, and Norman Uphoff
Title: The System of Tef Intensification:
Opportunities for greater food security in Ethiopia, and elsewhere, through modifications in crop management
Date: October 13, 2015
Venue: 2nd International Conference on Global Food Security, Cornell University
International Food Policy Research Institute/ Ethiopia Strategy Support Program and Ethiopian Development Research Institute co-organized a full day conference on Teff value chain with Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research and Agriculutural Transformation Agency on October 10, 2013 at Hilton Hotel
Presented by Sue Edwards, Institute for Sustainable Development
at the National Colloquium on System of Crop Intensification
Held on March 2, 2011 in Patna, Bihar
International Food Policy Research Institute/ Ethiopia Strategy Support Program (IFPRI/ ESSP)and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Coordinated a conference with Agriculutral Transformation Agency (ATA) and Ministry of Agriculutrue (MoA) on Teff Value Chain at Hilton Hotel Addis Ababa on October 10, 2013.
International Food Policy Research Institute/ Ethiopia Strategy Support Program (IFPRI/ ESSP)and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Coordinated a conference with Agriculutral Transformation Agency (ATA) and Ministry of Agriculutrue (MoA) on Teff Value Chain at Hilton Hotel Addis Ababa on October 10, 2013.
The Impact of the Promotion of Row Planting on Farmers’ Teff Yield in Ethiopiaessp2
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI). Conference on "Towards what works in Rural Development in Ethiopia: Evidence on the Impact of Investments and Policies". December 13, 2013. Hilton Hotel, Addis Ababa.
Presented By: Tareke Berhe, Ayele G. Ayetenfisu,
Zewdie Gebretsadik, and Norman Uphoff
Title: The System of Tef Intensification:
Opportunities for greater food security in Ethiopia, and elsewhere, through modifications in crop management
Date: October 13, 2015
Venue: 2nd International Conference on Global Food Security, Cornell University
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Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and intra-row spacing on yield and yield ...Premier Publishers
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Standard heterosis of pipeline maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids for grain yield an...Premier Publishers
The knowledge of gene action and heterosis also helps in identification of superior F1 hybrids in order to use further in future breeding programs. The objective of this study was to estimate the amount of standard heterosis of the pipeline maize hybrids for grain yield and yield related traits. A total of eleven pipeline maize hybrids and two standard checks (BH546 and BH547) were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2015 main cropping season at Northwestern Ethiopia. Mean squares due to genotypes were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) for most grain yield and yield related traits indicating the existence of genetic variation among the evaluated genotypes. The standard heterosis ranged from -38.72 to 33.65%and the highest heterosis was recorded for CML395/CML202//CML464 cross. The observed highest heterosis for grain yield and related traits indicated the possibility of increasing yield by exploiting heterotic potential of maize genotypes. The information generated by this study could be useful for researchers who need to develop high yielding maize hybrids.
Growth and Yield Response of Bread Wheat Variety Grown Under Varying Seed Rat...Premier Publishers
Wheat is among the most important staple crop globally. However, constrained by appropriate agronomic practices. Therefore, the information on the interaction effect of seed rate and weeding period is useful to identify the effective time of weeding for high yield of wheat. Thus, the present study conducted at Amuru district of Horro Guduru Zone, Ethiopia in 2019 cropping season with the aim of identifying optimum seed rate and appropriate time of weeding to improve production and productivity of bread in the area. The experiment was laid down in randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. The treatment was arranged in factorial combinations of four weeding intervals (farmer practice, weeding at two weeks after emergence, three weeks after emergence and four weeks after emergence) and three levels of seed rate (125 kg, 150 kg and 175 kg-1).The result showed that days to 50% heading, days to maturity and effective tillers per plant were highly significantly (p<0.01) affected by the interaction effect of weeding time and seed rate. Moreover, interaction effect of weeding time and seed rate was significantly (p<0.01) affected the weed above ground dry biomass. Guizotia scabra (22.47%) with population density (370), Phalaris paradoxa (22.10%) with population (364), Plantago lanceolata (18.58%) with population density (306), and Bidens piloso L. (8.74%) were the dominant weed species competing with wheat in the study area. Minimum relative weed density (26.6%) weed dry biomass (1.7gm) and maximum weed control efficiency (98.08%) was recorded at weeding four weeks after emergence and 175kgha-1seed rate. Thus, the finding suggest grain yield was increased (52.3%) when weeding four weeks after emergence over farmers practice and 13.75% at 175kg seed rate.
Investigation of Correlation Coefficient for Forage and Grain Yield with Rela...Premier Publishers
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Title: The System of Tef Intensification (STI): Modifying crop management for greater food security in Ethiopia
Poster by: Tareke Berhe, Ayele G. Ayetenfisu,
Zewdie Gebretsadik, and Norman Uphoff
Date: October 13, 2015
[Poster presented at the 2nd International Conference on Global Food Security at Cornell University.]
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop produced in Ghana. However the change in environmental conditions, the expansion of maize to new agro-ecologies coupled with inadequate maize varieties available for the different environments affects yield improvement programmes in Ghana. Hence, the study is to investigate the influence of genotype by environment interaction on the maize hybrids and to identify stable and high yielding hybrids with superior agronomic for famers use in the country. The objectives of the study was to investigate the influence of genotype by environment interaction on the maize hybrids and to identify stable and high yielding hybrids with superior agronomic performance for famers use in Ghana. Thus, fifteen extra-early maize hybrids and three locally released checks were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two locations in Ghana. The experiment was carried out at KNUST and Akomadan which represent the forest and forest transition zones of Ghana. Nine of the hybrids out of the fifteen hybrids evaluated produce above the average yield and the effect of genotype, location and genotype by location interaction was significant for grain yield. The GGE biplot used in this study revealed that TZEEI-1 x TZEEI-21, TZEEI-6 x TZEEI-21, TZEEI-15 x TZEEI-1 and TZEEI-29 x TZEEI-21 were high yielding and stable hybrids because they were closer to the ideal. The GGE biplot also identified Akomadan as the most ideal testing environment for these hybrids under irrigation.
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The Interaction of Fertilizer Levels and Weeding Frequency on Growth and Yiel...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The study investigate the interaction of fertilizer level and weeding frequency on growth and yield of roselle in Yola , Adamawa State of Nigeria . It was observed from the results that all the parameters increased with increase in level of nitrogen fertilizer except number of days to first flowering and number of days to 50% flowering. For all the values of the parameters taken, the lowest was with treatment 0Kg/ha (control). This indicates that roselle performance increased with increased level of nitrogen fertilizer up to 150kgN/ha.
Participatory variety selection of Faba Bean for yield components and yield a...Premier Publishers
Faba bean is one the major highland grain food legumes contributing an enormous amount of protein to the human diet in Ethiopia. Though a lot of improved varieties were released by research centers farmers depend on low yield and local varieties. Participatory variety selection is one of the methods used to evaluate varieties through involvement of users. The participatory faba bean variety selection was conducted during 2014 cropping season at Chiro and Gemachis districts on two farmers training center and three farmers field. Eight released varieties with one local check were laid out in Randomized complete block design in three replications on Farmers training center and single plot on farmer’s field. Agronomic and farmer selection data were collected and analyzed. From all the tested varieties, variety Hachalu was superior in grain yield (1437 kg ha-1) and ( 808 kg ha-1) while Wayu variety was yielded (719 kg ha-1) and 796 (kg ha-1) at Chiro and Gamachis respectively. The lowest grain yield was obtained from Obse (215 kg ha-1) variety at Chiro and Local variety (581 kg ha-1) at Gemachis respectively. In case of farmer preference Hachalu score higher mean value (3.8) followed by Tumsa (3.6) and least mean value was recorded from variety local (2.2). Therefore, the varieties selected by researcher and farmer data Hachalu, Wayu and Tumsa were recommended for further production in these areas.
A study was carried out on plant density at the experimental field of the Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Nkolbisson, Yaoundé to determine the appropriate spacing to improve rainfed rice production in the bimodal rainfall forest zone of Cameroon. The experiment was conducted during the main cropping seasons of 2017 and 2018. The planting spacing used were 15cm x 15cm, 20cm x 20cm, 25cm x 25cm and 30cm x 30cm giving the plant populations of 444444, 250000, 160,000 and 111,111 plants / ha respectively using two varieties (Nerica 3 and Nerica 8). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences were observed in the growth and yield across the years. Treatments were highly significant concerning the number of days to the appearance of the first flower, the number of days to 50% flowering, and the number of days to 50 % maturity. Plants were taller with more tillers and gave higher yields in 2017 than those of 2018. The spacing significantly affected the plant height, number of tillers, and panicle length for both varieties. The interaction of spacing and variety was significant for the number of tillers per m2 and the number of seeds per panicle, however, it was not for the weight of 1000 grains and the percentage of full bales. The yield components determining yield increase were the number of panicles / m2 and the number of seeds/panicles. Nerica 3 variety gave higher yields compared to the Nerica 8, the closer the spacing, the higher the yield. There were a strong significance and positive correlation between yield, number of panicles, and the number of grain per panicle. The spacing that gives the highest number of panicle per m2 was 15 cm X 15 cm and this spacing gave good yield in the region where the study was carried out.
Zeolite and Urea Fertilizer in the Growth and Yield of MaizeQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Karo district is the center of the corn crop in northern Sumatera. Farmers use inorganic fertilizer on top recommendation, is not good for the soil, plants, and costs. Zeolite, alumino silicate compound hydrated the main elements: alkali cations, alkaline soil and have the property of absorbing, separator, catalisator, fixing soil and the efficiently of Urea. The purpose of this study were to understand zeolite, urea and interaction on the growth and yield of corn. The researchers use RAK factorial method, I zeolit: Z0 0 g/plot, Z1 105 g/plot, Z2 210 g/plot, Z3 315 g/plot. Z4 420 g/plot. II urea: U0 0 g/plant, U1 2,1 g/plant, U2 4,2 g/plant, U3 6,3 g/plant, U4 8,4 g/plant. The result shows that real zeolite affect plant height, leaf area, production and weight of 100 seeds, not unlike the stem diameter, number of leaves, number of cob. Urea real effect on plan height, leaf area, and production but did not differ on stem diameter, number of leaves, dry weight of 100 seeds and cobs line. So zeolite are 315 (Z3) and Urea 6.3 g/crop (U3), interaction (Z3U3).
Evaluation of Improved Varieties of Teff in West Belessa, Northwest EthiopiaConferenceproceedings
5th International Scientific Conference on Applied
Sciences and Engineering
29-30 December, 2015
Flora Grand Hotel, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Similar to Row spacing and fertilizer rate on yield and yield components of tef eragrostis teff (zucc.) trotter) under transplanting planting method (20)
Row spacing and fertilizer rate on yield and yield components of tef eragrostis teff (zucc.) trotter) under transplanting planting method
1. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.4, No.15, 2014
133
Row Spacing and Fertilizer Rate on Yield and Yield Components
of Tef Eragrostis Teff (Zucc.) Trotter) under Transplanting
Planting Method
Fekremariam Asargew, Yayeh Bitew, Mitiku Asfaw, Minale Liben and Wudu Getahun
Adet Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 08, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
E-mail of the corresponding author: Fikruas2005@yahoo.com
Abstract
Low productivity of tef in Amahara region is mainly attributed to lack of improved agronomic practices.
Broadcast method of sowing has been predominantly used in the past years and new agronomic practices should
be in place to increase the productivity of the crop. Transplanting young tef seedlings is one of the promising
planting techniques proved to boost the yield of tef. An experiment was done at Adet agricultural research
center experimental site to determine appropriate row spacing for tef transplanting and to simultaneously see the
effect of N and P doses on growth and yield of tef. Four row spacings ( 15cm,20cm,25cm and 30cm) and two
fertilizer rates (100/100 and 50/100 UREA/DAP kg/ha) were tested in factorial RCBD with three replications.
Broadcast planting with 25 kg/ha seeding rate was included as a control. In all growth and yield parameters
except biomass yield, the broadcasting control had an inferior performance over the transplanting treatments.
The widest row spacing (30cm) gave the highest tillers per hill (14) while the lowest tillers per hill (11) was
counted at 20 cm row spacing. Transplanting tef gave a yield advantage ranged from 29.2-39.3 % over
broadcasting method. Application of 100 kg/ha UREA gave better yielding and growth performance than
application of 50 kg/ha UREA. The highest grain yield of 24.4 Q/ha was obtained when 15 cm distance between
rows was used. This study revealed that the optimum row spacing for tef transplanting was found to be 15 cm at
Adet.
Keywords: seedlings, broadcast, tiller
1. Introduction
Tef is a major staple crop that shares 18.3 % of the total grain production in Ethiopia (CSA, 2014) and provides
over two-thirds of the human nutrition in the country (Lacey and Llewellyn, 2005; Stallknecht et al., 1993). In
the country 40 % of tef production is found in Amhara region. It is leading a leading crop both in area coverage
and grain production volume dominant over any other crops produced in Amahara region. However it
productivity remained limited for the past many years.
Since tef is the staple food of most Ethiopian people, the present production system cannot satisfy the
consumers’ demand. This is because the agronomic practices that farmers use are backward which is not
supported by modern technologies (Tareke Berehe et al, 2013). When tef is compared to other cereals, it has
more value than others cost wise as well as cultural values. But it is the lowest in yield of all the cereals grown in
the country. The local people commonly use broadcasting system rather than using row planting. In Ethiopia, the
recommended seed rate for broadcasting tef is 25 to 30 kg/ha (ESE, 2001), but farmers often use 40–50 kg/ha,
because it is difficult to distribute the seed evenly, the viability of farmers’ own seed is reduced (i.e. uncertainty
of the germination percentage), and to suppress weeds at early stages (Tefera & Belay, 2006).
Broadcasting method that farmers commonly use these days which contributes to the insufficiency and poor
productivity of tef, to transplanting young tef seedlings that increases the productivity of tef (Tareke Berehe et al,
2013). The yield of transplanted tef has a fourfold increase, moreover it increases tiller number, producing strong
tiller culms and it increases number and quality of seeds (Tareke Berehe et al, 2013). Since tef transplanting
technology is a new breakthrough in the country as well as in Amhara region the agronomic components (row
spacing, spacing between hills, seedling age, fertilize rate, etc) should be optimized for each specific agro
ecology, soil type and tef variety. Therefore, this research activity is designed to identify appropriate row spacing
for contrasting fertilizer rates in Northwestern Amhara region.
2. Materials and Methods
The study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons at experimental station of Adet Agricultural
Research center. A total of four row spacing levels ( 15cm,20cm,25cm,30cm) and two fertilizer rates 100/100
and 50/100 kg/ha N/P2O5) were tested in factorial RCBD with three replications. Broadcast planting with 25
kg/ha seeding rate broadcast planting of each fertilizer rate was included as a control. All DAP and half of the
urea was applied at good seedling establishment a week after transplanting. The remaining urea was applied at
tillering stage of the crop. The plot size for each plot was 5 m length x 3 m width. However, all necessary data
was taken in central 14 rows of 15cm, 10 rows of 20cm, and 8 rows of 25cm and 7rows of 30cm of 5 m length of
2. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.4, No.15, 2014
134
each plot. For broadcast planting the harvested plot size of 5 m length x 2 m width was used.
Tef nursery was raised on a wooden flat or on well prepared raised bed condition near by the vicinity of the
selected experimental site before 20 to 30 days of the actual tef planting time. The plot size of the nursery was
1m x 2m with 10 cm raised bed having better soil fertility condition and the seed bed was watered as necessary
till transplanting time. When the seedling was ready (about three - four leaf stage or 10 cm high), three seedlings
per hill with 15cm spacing of each hill was transplanted into the proper experimental field as per the treatment.
Data of plant height, tiller number, stand count, biomass yield and grain yield was taken and analyzed using SAS
software to perform Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD mean separation procedures.
3. Result and Discussions
The analysis of variance (Table 1) showed that except biological yield row spacing was significantly (P<0.01)
influenced plant height, tiller number biological yield and grain yield. Only tiller number and biological yield
were significantly (P<0.01) different for fertilizer rates tested. None of the interactions (spacing by fertilizer and
spacing by fertilizer by year) were significant to affect any of tef yield and growth parameters (Table 1).
Relatively the shortest plant heights (125.5cm and 124.7cm) were recorded from the two spacing extremes 15cm
and 30cm respectively while tallest plants (129.5cm and 129.1cm) were from relatively medium row spacings 20
cm and 24cm (Table 3). However all were superior over the control (broadcasting) in terms of plant height.
Tiller number was highly significant for row spacing (Table 2 and 3). Broadcast planting gave the lowest tiller
number compared to transplanting of various row spacing (Table 3). The widest row spacing (30cm) gave the
highest tiller number of 14 per hill. This is due to better access to space, nutrient, water and light in wider
spacing than narrow spacing between rows. Applying 100/100 UREA/DAP kg/ha gave more numbers of tiller
count than using 50/100 UREA/DAP kg/ha since nitrogen enhances tillering capacity of cereal crops including
tef. Currently used fertilizer rate for tef was made for tef broadcasting; this result showed a green light for future
research works to test more doses of nitrogen for tef transplanting to catch maximum yield benefit obtained from
trasplanting method.
Since tef straw has comparable importance to its grain yield, highlighting the result of biomass yield got logical
attention it was not statistically significant for row spacing. Relatively biomass yield was higher for the
narrowest spacing (15 cm) than wider spacing since more plant stands per unit area. Broadcasting tef relatively
gave better biomass compared to transplanting methods that may penalize its yield advantage.
The result revealed that transplanting tef gave a yield advantage ranged from 29.2-39.3 % over broadcasting
method. Tef yield can be increased 3-4 folds by using drill and transplant method of planting (Tareke Berehe et
al, 2013) due to better tillering capacity and reduced lodging index. It also reduces the seed rate from the
broadcasting method that a farmer uses 25-50 kg/ha tef but in the new method 2-2.5kg/ha. From the two years
result, grain yield was ranged from 6 Q/ha to 33.1 Q/ha) with an overall average of 21.1 Q/ha.The highest grain
yield of 24.4 Q/ha was obtained when 15 cm distance between rows was used. Generally, the yield and growth
performance of tef was reduced in 2012 cropping season than 2013 cropping season since there was a moisture
stress immediately after transplanting at Adet district.
4. Conclusion and Recommendation
Tef transplanting can increase yield significantly compared to common practice of broadcasting tef. It will boost
tiller number, producing strong tiller culms and it improves number and quality of seeds. The optimum spacing
between rows for transplanted tef is found to be 15 cm. Furthermore, the yield of transplanted tef can be
improved by providing appropriate N and P fertilization. The recommended fertilizer rate previously made for
broadcast method should be revised since different growth habit, nutrient, water and light utilization is expected
in tef transplanting. Transplanting is labor taking and requires water access to raise seedlings, Therefore; further
works on the economics of the practice should be studied in comparable with broadcasting method even with
row planting of tef.
5. Reference
CSA (Central Statistical Authority).2014. Statistical Bulletin. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Lacey, T. and Llewellyn,C. 2005. ”Eragrostis Tef as a specialized niche crop”, No.
42/2005.www.agric.wa.gov.au.
Tareke Berhe,Zewdie Gebresadik,Sue E. and Hailu Areya.2013.Boosting tef productivity using improved
agronomic practices and appropriate fertilizer.In: Kebebew Assefa,Solomon Chanyalew and Zerihun
Tadele(eds.) proceeding of the second international workshop, 7-9 November 2011,Debre Zeit,
Ethiopia, pp 133-140.
ESE (Ethiopian Seed Enterprise). (2001),”Crop Varieties Bulletin”, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia.
Tefera, H. and Belay, G.(2006),” Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter In: Brink, M. & Belay, G.
(Editors)”,PROTA 1: Cereals and pulses/Céréales et légumes secs. [CD-Rom]. PROTA , Wageningen,
3. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.4, No.15, 2014
135
Netherlands.
Table 1 Result of analysis of variance for yield and growth components of tef transplanting
Source of variation Parameters
PH TN/hill BY GY
Spacing * ** ns **
Fertilizer Ns ** ** ns
Year ** ** ** **
Spacing x fertilizer ns Ns ns ns
Spacing x fertilizer x year ns Ns ns ns
Spacing x year ns Ns ns ns
Fertilizer x year ns Ns ns ns
PH=plant height TN=tiller number BY= biomass yield GY= grain yield
Table 2 The effect of row spacing on yield and growth of transplanted tef in 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons
Row
Spacing
PH (cm) TN/hill BY(Kg/ha) GY(Q/ha)
2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012
15cm 130.4 120.5 13.6B 10.8A 13667 342.3A 33.1A 15.7A
20cm 128.7 130.2 13.9B 9.7A 12656 238.7C 32.1A 13.4A
25cm 131.7 126.6 12.5B 10.1A 11933 356.9A 27.5B 14.3A
30cm 131.5 117.9 17.2A 11.6A 11133 266.6B 29.3AB 16.1A
BC 121.0 109.7 8.7C 6.4B 13667 24.7D 23.5C 6.0B
Mean 128.6 121.0 13.2 9.7 12611.1 245.9 29.1 13.1
CV 5.7 11.4 19.5 26.6 14.4 8.3 10.7 23.3
P0.05, 0.01 0.10 0.13 0.0004 0.02 0.1 <.0001 0.0003 0.02
PH=plant height TN=tiller number BY= biomass yield GY= grain yield BC= broadcast
Table 3 The effect of row spacing on yield and growth performance in transplanted tef combined over years
Row Spacing PH(cm) TN/hill BY(Kg/ha) GY(Q/ha) % advantage
over BC
15cm 125.5A 12.2B 7004.5 24.4A 39.3
20cm 129.5A 11.8B 6447.2 22.7A 34.8
25cm 129.1A 11.3B 6145.1 20.9A 29.2
30cm 124.7A 14.4A 5700.0 22.7A 34.8
BC 115.3B 7.6C 6845.7 14.8B -
Mean 124.8 11.5 6428.5 21.1
CV 8.9 22.5 20.07 21.7
P0.05, 0.01 0.02 <.0001 0.11 <.0001
PH=plant height TN=tiller number BY= biomass yield GY= grain yield BC= broadcast
4. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online)
Vol.4, No.15, 2014
136
Table 4 the effect of NP fertilizer rate on tef yielding performance under tef transplanting in 2012 and 2013
cropping seasons under tef transplanting method
Urea /Dap
(Kg/ha)
PH (cm) TN/hill BY (Kg/ha) GY (kg/ha)
2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013
50/100 127.1 122.7 11.7B 8.9 10840.0B 215.1B 27.7B 12.5
100/100 130.2 119.2 14.7A 10.6 14382.2A 276.6A 30.5A 13.7
P0.05, 0.01 0.26 0.49 0.0047 0.09 <.0001 <.0001 0.001 0.03
PH=plant height TN=tiller number BY= biomass yield GY= grain yield BC= broadcast
Table 4 the effect of NP fertilizer rate on tef yielding performance under tef transplanting combined over years
under tef transplanting method
Urea /Dap (kg/ha) PH (cm) TN/hill BY(Kg/ha) GY (Q/ha)
50/100 124.9 10.3B 5558.3B 20.1
100/100 124.7 12.6A 7298.7A 22.1
P0.05, 0.01 0.94 0.0012 <.0001 0.09
PH=plant height TN=tiller number BY= biomass yield GY= grain yield BC= broadcast
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