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Routes of Drug
Administration
-Dr Rupesh Dalavi
1. Enteral route
- Oral route
- Sublingual route
- Rectal route
2. Parenteral route
- Injections
- Inhalations
- Topical
1. Oral route
-It is oldest and commenest mode of drug
administration.
- It is safer , more convinient and often
painless.
-Both solid dosage forms & liquid dosage
forms can be given orally.
- Action of drug is slower.
Enteral route
-An objectionable odour
or taste
-damage or
discolouration of teeth
-irritation of gastric
mucosa , causing nausea
& vomiting
-Not useful in
unconscious states
Advantages Disadvantages
- Easy administration
- Painless procedure
-No skilled person
required
-Most widely &
acceptable route
-Self medication is
possible
2. Sublingual route
- It is also called as buccal route.
-Sublingual administration is where the dosage
form is placed under the tongue.
-only lipid soluble & non-
irritating drugs can be so
administered.
-Rapid absorption takes
place
Advantages Disadvantages
- Economical
-First- pass metabolism
avoided
- Drug absorption is quick
-can be self
administered
-No skilled person
required
-Unpalatable & bitter
drugs
- Irritation of oral mucosa
-Large qty of drugs are
not given
- Few drugs are absorbed
3. Rectal route
-Drugs that are administered rectally as a
suppository.
-In this form , a drug is mixed with a waxy substance
that dissolves or liquefies after it is inserted into the
rectum.
-e.g Diazepam , Indomethcin , paraldehyde ,
ergotamine
Advantages Disadvantages
- used in children.
-Little or no first pass
effect ( ext
haemorrhoidal vein )
-used in vomiting or
unconscious.
-Higher concentration
rapidly achieved.
- Inconvenient
-Absorption is slow and
erratic.
-Irritation or
inflammation of rectal
mucosa can occur.
Parenteral route
1. Injections - syringes & needles
- Jet injection syringe ( Hypospray )
- Intradermal ( Intracutaneous )
- Subcutaneous ( Hypodermic )
- Hypodermoclysis
- Intramedullary
- Intra-arterial
- Intrathecal
- Epidural
- Intracardiac
- Intra-articular
- Intraperitoneal
- Intramuscular
- Intravenous
fig :- Angle of injections
2. Inhalation
-Volatile liquids & gases are given by inhalation for
systemic action, e.g. general anaesthetics
-Absorption takes place from the vast surface
of alveoli - action is very rapid.
-When administration is discontinued the drug
diffuses back & is rapidly eliminated in expired air.
3. Topical
-Topical administration is the application of a drug
directly to the surface of the skin.
-Includes administration of drugs to any mucous
membrane.
- eye
- Nose
- ears
- lungs
- vagina
- urethra
- colon
Thank
you

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routes of drug administration.pptx

  • 2. 1. Enteral route - Oral route - Sublingual route - Rectal route 2. Parenteral route - Injections - Inhalations - Topical
  • 3. 1. Oral route -It is oldest and commenest mode of drug administration. - It is safer , more convinient and often painless. -Both solid dosage forms & liquid dosage forms can be given orally. - Action of drug is slower. Enteral route
  • 4. -An objectionable odour or taste -damage or discolouration of teeth -irritation of gastric mucosa , causing nausea & vomiting -Not useful in unconscious states Advantages Disadvantages - Easy administration - Painless procedure -No skilled person required -Most widely & acceptable route -Self medication is possible
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. 2. Sublingual route - It is also called as buccal route. -Sublingual administration is where the dosage form is placed under the tongue. -only lipid soluble & non- irritating drugs can be so administered. -Rapid absorption takes place
  • 9. Advantages Disadvantages - Economical -First- pass metabolism avoided - Drug absorption is quick -can be self administered -No skilled person required -Unpalatable & bitter drugs - Irritation of oral mucosa -Large qty of drugs are not given - Few drugs are absorbed
  • 10. 3. Rectal route -Drugs that are administered rectally as a suppository. -In this form , a drug is mixed with a waxy substance that dissolves or liquefies after it is inserted into the rectum. -e.g Diazepam , Indomethcin , paraldehyde , ergotamine
  • 11. Advantages Disadvantages - used in children. -Little or no first pass effect ( ext haemorrhoidal vein ) -used in vomiting or unconscious. -Higher concentration rapidly achieved. - Inconvenient -Absorption is slow and erratic. -Irritation or inflammation of rectal mucosa can occur.
  • 12. Parenteral route 1. Injections - syringes & needles - Jet injection syringe ( Hypospray ) - Intradermal ( Intracutaneous ) - Subcutaneous ( Hypodermic ) - Hypodermoclysis - Intramedullary - Intra-arterial - Intrathecal - Epidural - Intracardiac - Intra-articular - Intraperitoneal - Intramuscular - Intravenous
  • 13. fig :- Angle of injections
  • 14. 2. Inhalation -Volatile liquids & gases are given by inhalation for systemic action, e.g. general anaesthetics -Absorption takes place from the vast surface of alveoli - action is very rapid. -When administration is discontinued the drug diffuses back & is rapidly eliminated in expired air.
  • 15. 3. Topical -Topical administration is the application of a drug directly to the surface of the skin. -Includes administration of drugs to any mucous membrane. - eye - Nose - ears - lungs - vagina - urethra - colon
  • 16.