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Routes of drug administration

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Md. Jakiul Islam
Md. Jakiul Islam
Health & Medicine
1 of 17
Definition: A route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body.
 Physical chemical properties of the drug  Site of desired action  Route and extend of absorption of drug different routes  Effect of digestive juice and first pass metabolism  Rapidity of desired response-emergency  Condition of patient
First pass effect
1) Local -topical -deeper tissues -arterial 2) Systemic -oral -sublingual -rectal -nasal -inhalation -parenteral
External application to the surface Application on/to skin,eye,ear canal.vigina etc Dosages forms- lotion, ointment, cream, paint, drops spray
 Intra-articular injection  Intrathecal  Retrobulbar injection Arterial  Contrast media in angiography  Anticancer drug for limb malignances
Drug is absorbed into blood stream to reach the site of action Oral- Advantages – safe and convenient painless and comfortable Sterilization not required so cheaper Dosages forms: solid- tablet, capsules Liquids- syrup, emulsion Disadvantage:  First-pass effect - drugs absorbed orally are initially transported to the liver via the portal vein  irritation to gastric mucosa - nausea and vomiting
Advantages:  rapid absorption  Avoid fast pass effect  Drug stability is better Disadvantage- only lipid soluble and nonirritating drug can be given. Example- Nitroglycerine
Example: suppositories, retention enema Advantages- in vomiting or unconscious patients Disadvantages: absorbtion- irregular, slow -rectal inflammation -50% drug bypass liver
◦ Intravascular (IV, IA)- placing a drug directly into the blood stream ◦ Intramuscular (IM) - drug injected into skeletal muscle ◦ Subcutaneous - Absorption of drugs from the subcutaneous tissues ◦ Intradermal
 slow and constant absorption  absorption is limited by blood flow, affected if circulatory problems exist  concurrent administration of vasoconstrictor will slow absorption.
Site- deltoid, vastus lateralis, rectus femories  self injection is not possible  depot preparation can be used  more vascular and less nerves
Advantages: -immediate effects, useful in emergencies -irritant drug can also be injected -100% bioavailability -large volume can infused Disadvantages: - no depot preparation -risky
 Injected in the skin by raising multiple scarring Example: skin testing BCG vaccine
17 THANK YOU !

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Routes of drug administration

  • 1.
  • 2. Definition: A route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body.
  • 3.  Physical chemical properties of the drug  Site of desired action  Route and extend of absorption of drug different routes  Effect of digestive juice and first pass metabolism  Rapidity of desired response-emergency  Condition of patient
  • 5. 1) Local -topical -deeper tissues -arterial 2) Systemic -oral -sublingual -rectal -nasal -inhalation -parenteral
  • 6. External application to the surface Application on/to skin,eye,ear canal.vigina etc Dosages forms- lotion, ointment, cream, paint, drops spray
  • 7.  Intra-articular injection  Intrathecal  Retrobulbar injection Arterial  Contrast media in angiography  Anticancer drug for limb malignances
  • 8. Drug is absorbed into blood stream to reach the site of action Oral- Advantages – safe and convenient painless and comfortable Sterilization not required so cheaper Dosages forms: solid- tablet, capsules Liquids- syrup, emulsion Disadvantage:  First-pass effect - drugs absorbed orally are initially transported to the liver via the portal vein  irritation to gastric mucosa - nausea and vomiting
  • 9. Advantages:  rapid absorption  Avoid fast pass effect  Drug stability is better Disadvantage- only lipid soluble and nonirritating drug can be given. Example- Nitroglycerine
  • 10. Example: suppositories, retention enema Advantages- in vomiting or unconscious patients Disadvantages: absorbtion- irregular, slow -rectal inflammation -50% drug bypass liver
  • 11. ◦ Intravascular (IV, IA)- placing a drug directly into the blood stream ◦ Intramuscular (IM) - drug injected into skeletal muscle ◦ Subcutaneous - Absorption of drugs from the subcutaneous tissues ◦ Intradermal
  • 12.
  • 13.  slow and constant absorption  absorption is limited by blood flow, affected if circulatory problems exist  concurrent administration of vasoconstrictor will slow absorption.
  • 14. Site- deltoid, vastus lateralis, rectus femories  self injection is not possible  depot preparation can be used  more vascular and less nerves
  • 15. Advantages: -immediate effects, useful in emergencies -irritant drug can also be injected -100% bioavailability -large volume can infused Disadvantages: - no depot preparation -risky
  • 16.  Injected in the skin by raising multiple scarring Example: skin testing BCG vaccine