Above ppt includes different types of disinfectants used in microbiology ,classification of disinfectants, and also it includes some important techniques like Plasma sterilization ,ETO sterilization and bleaching of water.
This presentation contains all the relevant information about the antiseptics and disinfectant used commonly in day to day practice at hospitals and other healthcare places. This presentation is made with the aim of increasing the knowledge of students in a simple way
Above ppt includes different types of disinfectants used in microbiology ,classification of disinfectants, and also it includes some important techniques like Plasma sterilization ,ETO sterilization and bleaching of water.
This presentation contains all the relevant information about the antiseptics and disinfectant used commonly in day to day practice at hospitals and other healthcare places. This presentation is made with the aim of increasing the knowledge of students in a simple way
DISINFECTANTS are chemical agents that inhibit or kill microorganisms (surgical apparatus, periphery of the patient, and the objects used by the patient).
Disinfection It is the application of chemicals to destroy most pathogenic organisms on inanimate surfaces
Can be accomplished by application of chemical agents, use of physical agents (ionizing radiation) dry or moist heat, superheated steam(autoclave, 120̊ C)
idela surfactant
effective at room temperature,
noncorrosive and nontoxic,
inexpensive,
capable of killing the vegetative form of all pathogenic organisms,
require limited time of exposure
Disinfectant and antiseptic is used for kill the microbes or inhibit the growth of microbes and decreasing their numbers in such a low level that they become unable to impart any harmful effect.
A detailed summary of all the possible chemical disinfectants used in hospital sterilization procedures. Innovative pictures and brief explanations of all important topics clearly illustrated.........
Control of microrganisms - Food Microbiology - Food Processing MUTHUGANESAN N
1. Sterilization - the destruction of all microorganisms, including endospores, on an object or in a material.
2. Disinfection - the destruction of pathogens, but not endospores, on an object or in a material. The number of pathogens is reduced or growth is inhibited to a level that does not produce disease.
3. Antisepsis - chemical disinfection of the skin, mucosal membranes, or other living tissues.
4. Germicide ("cide" = kill) - a chemical agent that rapidly kills microorganisms.
Specific germicides include:
(I) Sporicide - kills spores
(II) Bactericide - kills bacteria
(III) Viricide - kills viruses
(IV) Fungicide - kills fungi
DISINFECTANTS are chemical agents that inhibit or kill microorganisms (surgical apparatus, periphery of the patient, and the objects used by the patient).
Disinfection It is the application of chemicals to destroy most pathogenic organisms on inanimate surfaces
Can be accomplished by application of chemical agents, use of physical agents (ionizing radiation) dry or moist heat, superheated steam(autoclave, 120̊ C)
idela surfactant
effective at room temperature,
noncorrosive and nontoxic,
inexpensive,
capable of killing the vegetative form of all pathogenic organisms,
require limited time of exposure
Disinfectant and antiseptic is used for kill the microbes or inhibit the growth of microbes and decreasing their numbers in such a low level that they become unable to impart any harmful effect.
A detailed summary of all the possible chemical disinfectants used in hospital sterilization procedures. Innovative pictures and brief explanations of all important topics clearly illustrated.........
Control of microrganisms - Food Microbiology - Food Processing MUTHUGANESAN N
1. Sterilization - the destruction of all microorganisms, including endospores, on an object or in a material.
2. Disinfection - the destruction of pathogens, but not endospores, on an object or in a material. The number of pathogens is reduced or growth is inhibited to a level that does not produce disease.
3. Antisepsis - chemical disinfection of the skin, mucosal membranes, or other living tissues.
4. Germicide ("cide" = kill) - a chemical agent that rapidly kills microorganisms.
Specific germicides include:
(I) Sporicide - kills spores
(II) Bactericide - kills bacteria
(III) Viricide - kills viruses
(IV) Fungicide - kills fungi
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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antiseptics & disinfectants.pptx
1. By: Dr Rupesh Dalavi
Depart. of Pharmacology
NIMS, Jaipur
2. The terms antiseptic and disinfectant denote – “An agent which
inhibits or kills microbes on contact.”
Conventionally, agents used on living surfaces (patient’s mouth,
dentist’s hands, etc.) are called antiseptics.
While those used for inanimate objects (instruments, working
surfaces, water supply, privies, etc.) are called disinfectants.
There is an overlap between the agents used for disinfection and
sterilisation. Most of them show either actions based on their
concentration.
3. Antiseptic – It is an agent used to
eliminate microorganisms on living
tissues
Disinfectant – It is an agent used to
eliminate microorganisms present on
inanimate objects.
Both of them can be broadly put
under “Germicides”
4. Used in dentistry to check cross infection
To prevent and treat some infective
conditions.
5. A good antiseptic/disinfectant should be: CAR
1. Chemically stable.
2. Cheap.
3. Non-staining with agreeable Colour and odour.
4. Cidal and not merely static. (destroying spores as well.)
5. Active Against All pathogens—bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa.
6. Able to spread and enter folds and crevices.
7. Active even in the presence of blood, pus, exudates and excreta.
8. Require brief time of exposure
6. i) Rapid in action and afford sustained protection.
ii) Nonirritating to tissues, should not delay healing.
iii) Nonabsorbable, produce minimum toxicity if absorbed
iv) Nonsensitizing (no allergy).
v) Compatible with soaps and other detergents.
10. Relatively weak agent (static at 0.2%, cidal at >1%, poor
action on bacterial spores)
It is a general protoplasmic poison, injuring microbes and
tissue cells alike—at higher concentrations causes skin burns.
MOA- Acts by denaturing bacterial proteins.
Rarely employed as an antiseptic.
But being cheap, it is used to disinfect urine, faeces, pus,
sputum of patients.
(Sometimes included in antipruritic preparations because of
its mild local anaesthetic action.)
11. 1. Phenol (carbolic acid)
Rarely used as antiseptic, as it is corrosive and can
penetrate intact skin.
Used to disinfect sputum, pus, excreta and discarded
cultures.
Accidental or suicidal ingestion can cause corrosion of
gastrointestinal tract (GIT), convulsions,hypothermia
and collapse. Treatment is symptomatic.
2. Cresol (methylphenol)
More active and safer than phenol.
Used to disinfect utensils, excreta and infected glassware.
12. 3. Lysol (soapy emulsion of cresol)
Commonly used to disinfect the floor in hospitals and
houses.
As antiseptic to wash hands.
4. Chloroxylenol
Active ingredient of dettol.
Less toxic than phenol.
Used to disinfect surgical instruments and as an antiseptic for
skin before any surgery
13. 5. Chlorhexidine
Used as a mouthwash and as an
antiseptic for skin prior to surgery.
Chlorhexidine mouthwash
enhances wound healing,
If used before dental procedures,
Used as an antiplaque and
antigingivitis agent.
Taste alteration and staining of
oral cavity are the common side
effects
14. 1. Chlorine: It is used for disinfection of water. Some of its preparations
are:
Chloramines: They act by releasing chlorine. They can be used as
mouthwash and for dressing of wounds.
Chlorinated lime (bleaching powder)
i. Acts by releasing chlorine.
ii. Used to disinfect drinking water and toilets.
iii.Disadvantage is that it is highly unstable and loses its activity on
storage.
2. Sodium hypochlorite
Used as a root canal disinfectant.
It is cheaper; but it needs to be freshly prepared and has corrosive
effect on metals.
15. 3. Iodine
Property of oxidizing the protoplasm of microbes.
Antiseptic efficacy decreases in the presence of organic matter.
Hypersensitivity reactions can occur with iodine.
Its preparations are:
i. )Tincture iodine (2% iodine in alcohol)
Used as an antiseptic on skin for wounds and prior to surgery.
stains the skin.
ii. )Mandl’s paint
Used topically in tonsillitis and pharyngitis.
iii.) Lugols Iodine – Used in thyrotoxicosis.
iv.) Iodophors-Act by releasing iodine, e.g. povidone iodine.
Nonirritant and does not stain the skin.
Used in burns, boils, prior to surgery, disinfection of instruments and
endoscopes.
1% solution can be used as a mouth rinse for gingivitis and before dental
procedures.
16. MOA - They act by denaturing bacterial proteins
and precipitating them.
1. Ethyl alcohol
70% ethyl alcohol is used as an antiseptic on skin
before giving injections and surgical proceedures. Its
antiseptic efficacy decreases above 90%.
It should not be used on open wounds, mucosa, ulcers
and scrotum, as it is highly irritant.
It is not useful for disinfecting instruments, as it
promotes rusting.
2. Isopropyl alcohol
More potent.
68–72% is used as an antiseptic.
Can be used to disinfect clinical thermometers.
17. MOA- They act by denaturing the proteins. They are
protoplasmic poisons.
1. Formaldehyde
40 %solution is called formalin.
used for disinfection of sputum, removal of warts on
palms and soles,
to treat hyperhidrosis, and preservation of anatomical
and pathological specimens.
Gas used for fumigation of wards and operation
theatres, and rarely for sterilization of heat sensitive
instruments and gloves.
In dentistry, it is used to harden the residual pulp
tissue.
18. 2. Glutaraldehyde
Preferred over formaldehyde to sterilize surgical instruments,
plastic endotracheal tubes, face masks,corrugated rubber tubes,
endoscopes, respirators and thermometers, etc.
2% solution is used to treat hyperhidrosis of palms and soles.
19. MOA- act by releasing nascent oxygen, which oxidizes the
bacterial protoplasm.
1. Hydrogen peroxide
Colourless liquid.
Effervescence is seen when applied to tissues due to
presence of enzyme catalase, which degrades hydrogen
peroxide.
Used for cleaning wounds and abscess cavities, removal of
slough and ear wax.
Can also be used to disinfect contact lenses, plastic
implants and surgical prostheses.
In dentistry, it is used as a mouthwash and to disinfect
septic sockets and root canals.
20. 2. Potassium permanganate
Dark purple crystals that are water soluble.
Condy lotion is 1:4000–1:10,000 solution of potassium
permanganate. It is used for gargling.
5% solution is used as a styptic.
1% solution is used for fungal infections—athletes foot.
Used topically for snake and scorpion bites, and for
stomach wash in alkaloid poisoning.
Can also be used for purification of well water.
Concentrated solution can cause burns and blisters on
topical application.
Not used to disinfect surgical instruments, as it promotes
rusting