It includes various routes of drug administration and it's advantages and disadvantages.

1. Routes of Drug
Administration
-Kalyani A Ghadge

2. 1. Enteral route
- Oral route
- Sublingual route
- Rectal route
2. Parenteral route
- Injections
- Inhalations
- Topical

3. 1. Oral route
- It is oldest and commenest mode of drug
administration.
- It is safer , more convinient and often
painless.
- Both solid dosage forms & liquid dosage
forms can be given orally.
- Action of drug is slower.
Enteral route

4. - An objectionable odour
or taste
- damage or
discolouration of teeth
- irritation of gastric
mucosa , causing nausea
& vomiting
- Not useful in
unconscious states
Advantages Disadvantages
- Easy administration
- Painless procedure
- No skilled person
required
- Most widely &
acceptable route
- Self medication is
possible

8. 2. Sublingual route
- It is also called as buccal route.
- Sublingual administration is where the dosage
form is placed under the tongue.
- only lipid soluble & non-
irritating drugs can be so
administered.
- Rapid absorption takes
place

9. Advantages Disadvantages
- Economical
- First- pass metabolism
avoided
- Drug absorption is quick
- can be self
administered
- No skilled person
required
- Unpalatable & bitter
drugs
- Irritation of oral mucosa
- Large qty of drugs are
not given
- Few drugs are absorbed

10. 3. Rectal route
- Drugs that are administered rectally as a
suppository.
- In this form , a drug is mixed with a waxy substance
that dissolves or liquefies after it is inserted into the
rectum.
-e.g Diazepam , Indomethcin , paraldehyde ,
ergotamine

11. Advantages Disadvantages
- used in children.
- Little or no first pass
effect ( ext
haemorrhoidal vein )
- used in vomiting or
unconscious.
- Higher concentration
rapidly achieved.
- Inconvenient
- Absorption is slow and
erratic.
- Irritation or
inflammation of rectal
mucosa can occur.

12. Parenteral route
1. Injections - syringes & needles
- Jet injection syringe ( Hypospray )
- Intradermal ( Intracutaneous )
- Subcutaneous ( Hypodermic )
- Hypodermoclysis
- Intramedullary
- Intra-arterial
- Intrathecal
- Epidural
- Intracardiac
- Intra-articular
- Intraperitoneal
- Intramuscular
- Intravenous

13. fig :- Angle of injections

14. 2. Inhalation
- Volatile liquids & gases are given by inhalation for
systemic action, e.g. general anaesthetics
- Absorption takes place from the vast surface
of alveoli - action is very rapid.
- When administration is discontinued the drug
diffuses back & is rapidly eliminated in expired air.

15. 3. Topical
- Topical administration is the application of a drug
directly to the surface of the skin.
- Includes administration of drugs to any mucous
membrane.
- eye
- Nose
- ears
- lungs
- vagina
- urethra
- colon

17. Thank
you