This document discusses the major routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, and topical routes. The enteral route includes oral, rectal, and other gastrointestinal routes. Oral administration is the most common due to convenience and safety, but has disadvantages like slower onset. Parenteral routes like intravenous provide rapid effect but require more expertise. Topical routes apply drugs locally to the skin, eyes, or ears for local effects.
Definition and Classification of routes of drug administration. Along with an explanation of it. Advantages and Disadvantages of different routes of administration. Intravenous routes give faster onset of action than any other route. 100% bioavailability is possible in the case of IV. The choice of route depends upon the patient condition.
The document discusses the different routes of drug administration including topical, oral, parenteral, rectal, and inhalation. It provides details on the classification, advantages, and disadvantages of each route. The oral route is the most common due to convenience and low cost but has disadvantages like first-pass metabolism and food interactions. Parenteral routes like intravenous provide precise dosing but carry risks while topical routes only produce local effects. The inhalation route provides a fast onset due to the lungs' large surface area.
Route of administration refers to how a drug enters the body and is classified by location. Common routes include enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal), parenteral (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous), inhalation, and topical. The appropriate route depends on factors like the drug's properties, desired effects, and patient condition. Enteral routes are generally safest and most convenient while parenteral ensures complete absorption but requires more expertise.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration including oral, intravenous, sublingual/buccal, and rectal routes. It provides classifications of systemic and local routes. For each major route, it outlines the advantages such as rapid absorption, bypassing first-pass metabolism, and suitability for unconscious patients. It also lists disadvantages like risk of infection, irritation, and variable absorption. The goal is to provide knowledge of different route advantages and disadvantages to inform the choice of administration.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including local routes like topical, deeper tissues, and arterial supply which provide localized drug delivery. Enteral routes like oral, buccal/sublingual, and rectal involve drug delivery through the gastrointestinal tract. Parenteral routes like injections that are intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, and intra-arterial deliver drugs systemically. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like onset of action, reliability, patient acceptability and sterility requirements. The choice of route depends on the drug and desired therapeutic effects.
Routes of drug administration include oral, sublingual, rectal, intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous. The goal is to deliver drugs to the target organ or tissue to exert maximum effect. Oral administration is convenient but absorption may be delayed or enhanced by food. Sublingual administration provides quick absorption bypassing the liver and intestines. Intramuscular injection delivers drugs reliably but can be painful, while subcutaneous injection allows for sustained effect through slow absorption. Parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal tract but must be administered carefully to avoid infection.
This document discusses the major routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, and topical routes. The enteral route includes oral, rectal, and other gastrointestinal routes. Oral administration is the most common due to convenience and safety, but has disadvantages like slower onset. Parenteral routes like intravenous provide rapid effect but require more expertise. Topical routes apply drugs locally to the skin, eyes, or ears for local effects.
Definition and Classification of routes of drug administration. Along with an explanation of it. Advantages and Disadvantages of different routes of administration. Intravenous routes give faster onset of action than any other route. 100% bioavailability is possible in the case of IV. The choice of route depends upon the patient condition.
The document discusses the different routes of drug administration including topical, oral, parenteral, rectal, and inhalation. It provides details on the classification, advantages, and disadvantages of each route. The oral route is the most common due to convenience and low cost but has disadvantages like first-pass metabolism and food interactions. Parenteral routes like intravenous provide precise dosing but carry risks while topical routes only produce local effects. The inhalation route provides a fast onset due to the lungs' large surface area.
Route of administration refers to how a drug enters the body and is classified by location. Common routes include enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal), parenteral (subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous), inhalation, and topical. The appropriate route depends on factors like the drug's properties, desired effects, and patient condition. Enteral routes are generally safest and most convenient while parenteral ensures complete absorption but requires more expertise.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration including oral, intravenous, sublingual/buccal, and rectal routes. It provides classifications of systemic and local routes. For each major route, it outlines the advantages such as rapid absorption, bypassing first-pass metabolism, and suitability for unconscious patients. It also lists disadvantages like risk of infection, irritation, and variable absorption. The goal is to provide knowledge of different route advantages and disadvantages to inform the choice of administration.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including local routes like topical, deeper tissues, and arterial supply which provide localized drug delivery. Enteral routes like oral, buccal/sublingual, and rectal involve drug delivery through the gastrointestinal tract. Parenteral routes like injections that are intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, and intra-arterial deliver drugs systemically. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like onset of action, reliability, patient acceptability and sterility requirements. The choice of route depends on the drug and desired therapeutic effects.
Routes of drug administration include oral, sublingual, rectal, intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous. The goal is to deliver drugs to the target organ or tissue to exert maximum effect. Oral administration is convenient but absorption may be delayed or enhanced by food. Sublingual administration provides quick absorption bypassing the liver and intestines. Intramuscular injection delivers drugs reliably but can be painful, while subcutaneous injection allows for sustained effect through slow absorption. Parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal tract but must be administered carefully to avoid infection.
The document discusses the various routes of drug administration including oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal, parenteral, injection, inhalation, and others. The choice of route depends on factors like the drug properties, the organ or tissue to be treated, absorption rate, patient condition, and accuracy of dose required. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to onset of action, convenience, side effects, and applicability based on the drug and patient.
This document discusses routes of drug administration. It defines a route of administration as how a drug comes into contact with the body. There are two main categories of routes: local, which act on nearby tissues, and systemic, which distribute drugs throughout the body. Common systemic routes include oral, sublingual, rectal, inhalation, and parenteral. The document provides details on factors considered for each route like absorption rate, first-pass metabolism, drug properties, and patient condition. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of various local and systemic administration routes.
Know About Your Drug ,,, Part - II ( Route of Drug Administration) for study purpose pharmaceutical professional such as students and other specialized field. Presentation for "LEARN & EARN KNOWLEDGE" based.
Thanks all of you for your support...Part-I success and your comments.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including enteral (oral, sublingual) and parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous) routes. It describes advantages and disadvantages of each route such as absorption rate, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, control over dosing, and risk of infection. The major routes covered are oral, sublingual, intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administration.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration and their advantages and disadvantages. The major routes covered are enteral (oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal), parenteral (intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous), topical, and inhalation. For each route, details are provided about how it works and its benefits and limitations. The oral route is the most common due to its convenience, low cost, and safety, but it has variable absorption. Parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal system for faster onset but require sterile technique. Topical and inhalation routes deliver drugs locally to specific sites.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration and factors that influence drug absorption. It describes enteral routes like oral, sublingual, and rectal administration as well as parenteral routes like intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and inhalation. For each route, it outlines advantages and disadvantages related to onset of action, bioavailability, and site of drug absorption. It also discusses mechanisms of drug transport, the impact of first-pass metabolism, and formulations like time-release preparations that influence drug absorption rates. The key message is that the optimal route of administration depends on the drug's properties and the desired therapeutic effects.
Routes of drug administration - Part II for mbbsmani goel
No single method of drug administration is ideal for all drugs in all circumstances .A knowledge of advantages and disadvantages of different routes of administration is essential.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration and their characteristics. There are two main classes of routes: enteral, where drugs are administered through the gastrointestinal tract either orally, sublingually, or rectally; and parenteral, where drugs bypass the gastrointestinal tract and are administered either intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, through inhalation, topically, intrathecally, or into body cavities. Each route has advantages and disadvantages with respect to factors like speed of onset, bioavailability, reversibility, and patient comfort.
The document discusses routes of drug administration and their advantages and disadvantages. It mentions several routes including oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, transdermal, rectal, inhalation, and sublingual. For each route, it outlines key factors that determine its appropriateness like drug properties and therapeutic objectives. It then provides examples of advantages and disadvantages for several common routes.
Pharmacology Routes of drug administration seminarDr. Ritu Gupta
The document discusses the various routes of drug administration including local and systemic routes. Local routes deliver drugs to specific localized areas without systemic absorption, including topical, deeper tissues, and arterial supply routes. Systemic routes deliver drugs via absorption into blood circulation to achieve widespread distribution throughout the body, including oral, sublingual/buccal, rectal, inhalation, nasal, cutaneous, and parenteral routes. Parenteral routes involve injection directly into tissues or bloodstream, such as intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intradermal injections. Factors such as drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, first-pass metabolism, desired speed of effect, dosage accuracy, and patient condition determine
Routes of drug administration - I for mbbsmani goel
No single method of drug administration is ideal for all drugs in all circumstances .A knowledge of advantages and disadvantages of different routes of administration is essential.
This document discusses routes of drug administration. It covers factors that influence route selection such as ease of use, site of action, and metabolism. Major routes discussed include oral, topical, and parenteral. For oral drugs, considerations are given to dose forms like tablets and liquids as well as techniques. Topical routes cover skin, eye, nasal, and rectal applications. Proper use of forms like patches and ointments is also outlined.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, and topical routes. Enteral routes involve placing drugs directly into the gastrointestinal tract, such as orally, sublingually, or rectally. Parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal tract through injections that are intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, or other localized sites. Topical routes apply drugs directly to surfaces like the skin, eyes, or vagina for local effects. The choice of route depends on the drug properties and patient condition.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration. It describes that the route of administration impacts how much of the drug reaches its intended site of action in the body by bypassing or reducing metabolic changes. The key routes discussed are oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal, parenteral including intravenous and intramuscular. Factors like drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, digestive effects, dosage accuracy, and patient condition determine the preferred route. Each route has advantages and disadvantages for drug delivery and specific drugs best suited for that administration path.
Seminar on routes of drug administratin and biotranformationnaseemashraf2
The document provides an overview of routes of drug administration and biotransformation. It defines routes of administration as enteral or parenteral, depending on whether the drug passes through the intestinal tract. Oral administration is the most common route due to convenience, but has limitations including first-pass metabolism in the liver. Other routes discussed include sublingual/buccal, rectal, parenteral (intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous), and emerging routes like transdermal delivery. The document also defines biotransformation as the process by which organisms metabolize compounds not normally part of their metabolism, and outlines drug metabolizing organs, enzymes, and factors affecting metabolism.
This document discusses routes of drug administration. It describes several factors that influence the choice of route, including the drug's properties, desired site of action, absorption rate, and patient condition. Systemic routes aim to distribute drugs through the bloodstream and include enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal) and parenteral (injections, inhalation, transdermal) routes. Local routes deliver high drug concentrations locally with minimal systemic absorption. Proper administration techniques are outlined for intramuscular and intravenous injections.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, and others. The oral route is the most common as it is convenient, cheap, and painless. However, some drugs are destroyed by gastric juices or have extensive first pass metabolism. Alternative routes like sublingual can provide rapid absorption while avoiding first pass effects. Parenteral routes like intravenous provide the fastest onset but require more expertise to administer. The route chosen depends on drug properties and patient factors.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration including oral, parenteral, and topical routes. The oral route is the most commonly used as it is convenient, allows self-administration, and is inexpensive. However, it has disadvantages like first-pass metabolism and variable absorption. Parenteral routes like intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous allow direct entry of drugs into systemic circulation but require more technical skill. Topical routes provide local drug effects without systemic absorption. The choice of route depends on the drug properties and patient condition.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration and factors to consider when choosing a route. The main routes discussed are oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral (which includes subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal), and inhalation. For each route, the key advantages and disadvantages are provided. The document emphasizes that no single route is ideal for all drugs or situations, and the properties of the drug as well as patient factors must be considered when determining the optimal administration route.
The document discusses the various routes of drug administration including oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal, parenteral, injection, inhalation, and others. The choice of route depends on factors like the drug properties, the organ or tissue to be treated, absorption rate, patient condition, and accuracy of dose required. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to onset of action, convenience, side effects, and applicability based on the drug and patient.
This document discusses routes of drug administration. It defines a route of administration as how a drug comes into contact with the body. There are two main categories of routes: local, which act on nearby tissues, and systemic, which distribute drugs throughout the body. Common systemic routes include oral, sublingual, rectal, inhalation, and parenteral. The document provides details on factors considered for each route like absorption rate, first-pass metabolism, drug properties, and patient condition. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of various local and systemic administration routes.
Know About Your Drug ,,, Part - II ( Route of Drug Administration) for study purpose pharmaceutical professional such as students and other specialized field. Presentation for "LEARN & EARN KNOWLEDGE" based.
Thanks all of you for your support...Part-I success and your comments.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including enteral (oral, sublingual) and parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous) routes. It describes advantages and disadvantages of each route such as absorption rate, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, control over dosing, and risk of infection. The major routes covered are oral, sublingual, intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous administration.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration and their advantages and disadvantages. The major routes covered are enteral (oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal), parenteral (intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous), topical, and inhalation. For each route, details are provided about how it works and its benefits and limitations. The oral route is the most common due to its convenience, low cost, and safety, but it has variable absorption. Parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal system for faster onset but require sterile technique. Topical and inhalation routes deliver drugs locally to specific sites.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration and factors that influence drug absorption. It describes enteral routes like oral, sublingual, and rectal administration as well as parenteral routes like intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, and inhalation. For each route, it outlines advantages and disadvantages related to onset of action, bioavailability, and site of drug absorption. It also discusses mechanisms of drug transport, the impact of first-pass metabolism, and formulations like time-release preparations that influence drug absorption rates. The key message is that the optimal route of administration depends on the drug's properties and the desired therapeutic effects.
Routes of drug administration - Part II for mbbsmani goel
No single method of drug administration is ideal for all drugs in all circumstances .A knowledge of advantages and disadvantages of different routes of administration is essential.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration and their characteristics. There are two main classes of routes: enteral, where drugs are administered through the gastrointestinal tract either orally, sublingually, or rectally; and parenteral, where drugs bypass the gastrointestinal tract and are administered either intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, through inhalation, topically, intrathecally, or into body cavities. Each route has advantages and disadvantages with respect to factors like speed of onset, bioavailability, reversibility, and patient comfort.
The document discusses routes of drug administration and their advantages and disadvantages. It mentions several routes including oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, transdermal, rectal, inhalation, and sublingual. For each route, it outlines key factors that determine its appropriateness like drug properties and therapeutic objectives. It then provides examples of advantages and disadvantages for several common routes.
Pharmacology Routes of drug administration seminarDr. Ritu Gupta
The document discusses the various routes of drug administration including local and systemic routes. Local routes deliver drugs to specific localized areas without systemic absorption, including topical, deeper tissues, and arterial supply routes. Systemic routes deliver drugs via absorption into blood circulation to achieve widespread distribution throughout the body, including oral, sublingual/buccal, rectal, inhalation, nasal, cutaneous, and parenteral routes. Parenteral routes involve injection directly into tissues or bloodstream, such as intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intradermal injections. Factors such as drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, first-pass metabolism, desired speed of effect, dosage accuracy, and patient condition determine
Routes of drug administration - I for mbbsmani goel
No single method of drug administration is ideal for all drugs in all circumstances .A knowledge of advantages and disadvantages of different routes of administration is essential.
This document discusses routes of drug administration. It covers factors that influence route selection such as ease of use, site of action, and metabolism. Major routes discussed include oral, topical, and parenteral. For oral drugs, considerations are given to dose forms like tablets and liquids as well as techniques. Topical routes cover skin, eye, nasal, and rectal applications. Proper use of forms like patches and ointments is also outlined.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, and topical routes. Enteral routes involve placing drugs directly into the gastrointestinal tract, such as orally, sublingually, or rectally. Parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal tract through injections that are intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, or other localized sites. Topical routes apply drugs directly to surfaces like the skin, eyes, or vagina for local effects. The choice of route depends on the drug properties and patient condition.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration. It describes that the route of administration impacts how much of the drug reaches its intended site of action in the body by bypassing or reducing metabolic changes. The key routes discussed are oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal, parenteral including intravenous and intramuscular. Factors like drug properties, site of action, absorption rate, digestive effects, dosage accuracy, and patient condition determine the preferred route. Each route has advantages and disadvantages for drug delivery and specific drugs best suited for that administration path.
Seminar on routes of drug administratin and biotranformationnaseemashraf2
The document provides an overview of routes of drug administration and biotransformation. It defines routes of administration as enteral or parenteral, depending on whether the drug passes through the intestinal tract. Oral administration is the most common route due to convenience, but has limitations including first-pass metabolism in the liver. Other routes discussed include sublingual/buccal, rectal, parenteral (intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous), and emerging routes like transdermal delivery. The document also defines biotransformation as the process by which organisms metabolize compounds not normally part of their metabolism, and outlines drug metabolizing organs, enzymes, and factors affecting metabolism.
This document discusses routes of drug administration. It describes several factors that influence the choice of route, including the drug's properties, desired site of action, absorption rate, and patient condition. Systemic routes aim to distribute drugs through the bloodstream and include enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal) and parenteral (injections, inhalation, transdermal) routes. Local routes deliver high drug concentrations locally with minimal systemic absorption. Proper administration techniques are outlined for intramuscular and intravenous injections.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, and others. The oral route is the most common as it is convenient, cheap, and painless. However, some drugs are destroyed by gastric juices or have extensive first pass metabolism. Alternative routes like sublingual can provide rapid absorption while avoiding first pass effects. Parenteral routes like intravenous provide the fastest onset but require more expertise to administer. The route chosen depends on drug properties and patient factors.
The document discusses various routes of drug administration including oral, parenteral, and topical routes. The oral route is the most commonly used as it is convenient, allows self-administration, and is inexpensive. However, it has disadvantages like first-pass metabolism and variable absorption. Parenteral routes like intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous allow direct entry of drugs into systemic circulation but require more technical skill. Topical routes provide local drug effects without systemic absorption. The choice of route depends on the drug properties and patient condition.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration and factors to consider when choosing a route. The main routes discussed are oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral (which includes subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal), and inhalation. For each route, the key advantages and disadvantages are provided. The document emphasizes that no single route is ideal for all drugs or situations, and the properties of the drug as well as patient factors must be considered when determining the optimal administration route.
The document discusses principles of drug administration, including the different routes of administration. It describes the five rights of drug administration as well as local and systemic routes. The main local routes are topical and infiltration, while the main systemic routes are enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal) and parenteral (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, etc.). Factors such as drug properties, desired effects, and patient condition influence route selection.
This ppt is for pharmacology students of MBBS UG&PG and other healthcare persons who needs basic science like BDS, Nursing Ayurveda unani homeopathy etc.
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems. Drugs can be administered through various routes including oral, parenteral, and topical. The choice of route depends on the drug properties and patient needs. Common routes include oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, inhalation, and transdermal. Each route has advantages and disadvantages with respect to onset of action, convenience, and safety.
This document discusses the various routes of drug administration including enteral, parenteral, inhalation, and topical routes. The enteral route includes oral, sublingual, and rectal administration. The oral route is the most common due to its convenience and low cost, though it has disadvantages like first-pass metabolism and drug degradation in the stomach. Parenteral routes like intravenous injection have rapid onset but require more skill. Inhalation allows direct delivery to the lungs while topical administration applies drugs locally to surfaces like the skin or mucous membranes. The route chosen depends on factors like the drug properties, desired effects, and patient needs.
This document discusses sources and routes of drug administration. It notes that drugs can come from plants, animals, minerals, microorganisms and humans. It also discusses that most drugs are now synthetic. The main routes of administration covered are enteral (oral), parenteral (injections including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous), local (topical), inhalation, transdermal and transmucosal. Factors affecting route choice and advantages and disadvantages of different routes are provided.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration. It outlines 4 main categories: enteral, parenteral, inhalation, and topical. Enteral routes include oral, sublingual, and rectal administration. Parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal tract and include subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intradermal, intramedullary, intrathecal, and intraarticular administration. Each route has advantages and disadvantages depending on factors like absorption rate, first-pass effect, patient condition, and drug properties. The document provides detailed descriptions and examples of various enteral and parenteral administration methods.
This document classifies and describes various routes of drug administration, including their advantages and disadvantages. It discusses enteral routes like oral, sublingual, and rectal. It also covers parenteral routes such as subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal, and others. Other routes described are inhalation, topical, and transdermal administration. The document provides detailed information on the characteristics of different administration routes and examples of drugs commonly used with each.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration in animals. There are two main classes of routes: enteral and parenteral. Enteral routes involve placing drugs directly into the gastrointestinal tract, such as orally, sublingually, or rectally. Parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal tract and include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intra-articular, intraperitoneal, and others. Each route has advantages and disadvantages related to factors like onset of action, drug stability, and bypassing of first-pass metabolism. The document provides details on various administration techniques and considerations for each route.
This document provides an overview of general pharmacology. It discusses various topics including:
1. Routes of drug administration such as oral, parenteral, topical, inhalation, and transdermal. The advantages and disadvantages of different routes are described.
2. Pharmacokinetics concepts such as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. Factors that influence absorption and distribution are outlined.
3. Pharmacodynamics refers to how drugs act on the body through various biochemical interactions and physiological effects. Adverse drug reactions are also discussed briefly.
This document discusses various dosage forms and routes of drug administration. It defines dosage forms as how drug molecules are delivered to the site of action in the body. Various dosage forms like tablets, capsules, solutions, and ointments are described. Different routes of administration like oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular, and topical are also explained. Factors influencing the selection of a particular route include the drug's properties, the rate of absorption needed, bypassing liver metabolism, targeting specific sites, dosage accuracy, and patient condition.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration in animals. There are two main classes of routes: enteral and parenteral. Enteral routes involve placing drugs directly into the gastrointestinal tract, such as orally, sublingually, or rectally. Parenteral routes bypass the gastrointestinal tract, including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, and other extravascular routes like inhalation and topical application. The optimal route depends on factors like the drug's properties, desired effects, and patient condition.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration including systemic, parenteral, local, and specialized delivery routes. Systemic routes include inhalation, intraperitoneal, intracardial, intrapleural, epidural, and intraosseous. Parenteral routes include intravenous and intramuscular injections, as well as subcutaneous administration. Local routes involve topical application to the skin, mucous membranes, eyes, ears, nose, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, urethra, vagina, and anal canal. Intra-arterial and intrathecal injections are also local routes. The document then discusses advantages and disadvantages of several common routes.
This is the second part of my presentation. It is all about the review on Routes and rights of drug administration. The slide also covers IP & Drug Laws too.
Prafull Jain from Apollo College of Pharmacy presented on routes of drug administration. There are several factors that determine the appropriate route, including the drug's characteristics, the patient's condition, age, and diseases. The main routes are local, which act locally, and systemic, which enter the bloodstream. Systemic routes include enteral (oral, sublingual, rectal) and parenteral (inhalation, injection, transdermal). The choice of route depends on balancing efficacy, safety, patient acceptance, and cost.
The document discusses routes of drug administration. There are local routes that target specific areas with minimal systemic absorption, including topical, deeper tissues, and arterial supply. Systemic routes distribute drugs through the bloodstream, including enteral routes like oral, sublingual, buccal, and rectal administration. Factors like drug properties, desired effects, absorption rates, and patient condition influence which route is chosen. The oral route is most common but can be impacted by first-pass metabolism and interactions in the GI tract.
This document discusses various routes of drug administration and dosage forms. It begins by defining dosage forms as means of delivering drug molecules to sites of action in the body. There are several advantages to different dosage forms including accurate dosing, protection, masking of taste, and controlled release. Dosage forms are classified by physical form as solid, semisolid, liquid, or gaseous. The main routes of drug administration discussed include oral, sublingual, rectal, parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intra-arterial, intra-articular, intrathecal, intradermal, inhalation, transdermal, and topical administered to various mucous membranes. Each route
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
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How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
2. Drugs may be administered by various routes.
The choice of the route in a given patient
depends on the properties of drugs and patient
requirements.
The routes of administration can be divided
into :
LOCAL
SYSTEMIC
5. Parenteral
Intravenous
Intramuscular
Intraperitoneal
Transdermal
Subcutaneous
1.LOCAL: These routes can only be used for localized
lesions at accessible sites and for drugs whose systemic
absorption from these site is minimum or absent.
Ex: lotion,ointment,cream,powder,paints,drops etc.
6. Drugs can be efficiently delivered to localized
lesions on skin, nasal mucosa, eyes, vagina etc.
ARTERIAL SUPPLY: Here drug is injected
directly into arteries. It is used in the treatment
of :
Peripheral vascular diseases
Local malignancies
Diagnostic studies like angiograms
7. DEEPER TISSUES: Certain deep areas can be
approached by using a syringe and needle, but
the drug should be in a form that systemic
absorption is slow.
INTRATHECAL: Injected into subarachnoidal space
for actions on CNS.
EX: SPINAL ANAESTHETICS
LIMITATIONS: strict aseptic precautions are
must.
8. INTRAOCULAR: injected into a joint for treatment
of arthritis and other joint diseases.
Ex: hydrocortisone injection in rheumatoid arthritis.
RETROTUBULAR:EX: Hydrocortisone acetate
behind the eye ball.
• SYSTEMIC ROUTE: Drugs administered through
systemic route is intended to be absorbed into
Blood stream and distributed allover including site of
action, through circulation.
9. 1.ORAL:
Advantages: safest route
Most convenient
Most economical
Drugs can be self administered
Non-invasive route
Disadvantages:Onset of action is slower as
absorption needs times.
Irritable and unpalatable drugs can be administered
10. There may be irregularities in absorption
Some drugs may be destroyed by gastric juices ex:
Insulin
Some drugs may not be absorbed due to certain
physical and chemical characteristics.. Ex:
streptomycin is not absorbed orally.
Oral preparations cannot be given to unconscious
patients.
11. 2. SUB LINGUAL:
Advantages: first pass metabolism is avoided
because drug directly reaches systemic circulations.
Absorption is rapid within minutes to reach
circulation.
After desired effect is obtained, drug can be spat out
to avoid the unwanted effects.
12. DISADVANTAGES: Buccal ulceration may occur
3.RECTAL:
ADVANTAGES: Gastric irritation is avoided
Can be administered by unskilled persons
Useful in unconscious patients
Used in geriatric patients with vomiting, those who
unable to swallow , and after gastro intestinal
surgery.
13. DISADVANTAGES:
Irritation of rectum may occur
Absorption may be irregular and unpredictable.
Ex: enema, predinsolone enema in ulcerative colitis,
evacuation enema in surgeries, radiological
examination of gut.
4.CUTANEOUS: Highly lipid soluble drugs can be
applied over the skin for slow and prolonged
absorption.
14. Drug can be incorporated in an ointment and
applied over specified over area of skin.
Absorption of drug can be enhanced by
rubbing the preparation , by using oily base
and by an occlusive dressing.
5. INHALATIONS:
advantages: Almost instantaneous absorption
of drug is achieved because of large surface of
lungs, high vascularity, thin alveolar
membrane.
15. In pulmonary diseases , it serves almost as a
local route as the drug is delivered at desired
site making it more effective and less harmful.
DISADVANTAGES: Irritant gases may
enhance pulmonary secretion , should be
avoided.
Drug particles may induce cough
6. NASAL: Administered either for systemic or
local effects.
16. Ex: systemic absorption – oxytocin spray
Local absorption: budesonide nasal drops
6.PARENTERAL: Routes of administration other
than enteral route are known as parenteral
routes.
ADVATNAGES: Action is more rapid
Employed in unconscious people also
First pass met5abolism is avoided.
17. DISADVANTAGES: Asepsis must be maintained.
Injections are painful
More expensive, less safe, injury to nerves may
occur.
PARENTERAL ROUTES INCLUDES:
A. INTRA VENOUS:
ADVANTAGES: Most useful in emergencies
Provides 100% bioavailability
Large volumes of solutions can be given
18. DISADVANTAGES: Once injected, drug cannot
be withdrawn.
Only aqueous solutions can be given by intra
venous but not oily suspensions
Self medication is difficult
Irritation of veins may cause thrombophelbitis.
19. B. IM: absorption is rapid.
soluble substances, mild irritants,
suspensions and colloids are injected by the
route.
DISADVANTAGES:
May be painful
Local infection and tissue necrosis may occur.
Some drugs like heparin, are avoided by IM.
20. C. IP: Peritoneum offer large surface area for
absorption.
Also used for peritoneal dialysis
D. TRANSDERMAL: Drugs is injected into layers of
skin raising a bleb.
by multiple punctures of epidermis through a drop
of drug.
Ex: small pox vaccine.
21. E. SUBCUTANEOUS: drugs are deposited in sc
tissue, ex: insulin, heparin.
Absorption is slow, largely uniform making
drug long acting.
Patients can be trained for self administered.