Nursing Education

1. Presented By:-
Dr. Geeta Chaudhary
Associate Professor
ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS & UNIONS

2. Professional Organizations
 Group of professionals who are responsible
for maintaining control or oversight of the
legitimate practice of the profession.
 Helps in maintaining standards of
professional education
 First introduced in Canada
 Act to protect public by maintaining &
enforcing standards of training & ethics in
their profession

3. Definitions
 ‘A professional body represents a profession
when it is a body formally constituted for this
purpose & comprises substantial numbers of
practitioners in a defined field’.
-The Australian Council of Professions

4.  Professional organizations are the
organizations that sets standard for practice
and education.
Carol Taylor, Fundamentals of nursing

5. Regulatory body
 In each organization rules are framed. These
are the boundaries need to be followed by
each employee. Have control on conduct. It
is concerned with the position of nursing
profession in the society.

6. Definition
 ‘A regulatory body is an external organization
that has been empowered by legislation to
supervise & control the educational process
& outputs’.

7. Regulatory body
 All nurses required to be licensed
 Union Health Ministry’s Task Force
suggested scraping of all regulatory bodies
 National Council for Human Resources in
Health
 Needs government notification

8. Aims of regulatory bodies of
Nursing
 Establish, monitor & enforce standards;
improve & sustain education, training &
practice & provide a framework
 Provide public authority, protection & support
to nurses to perform to their maximum extent
 Regulation of profession of nursing by nurses

9. Aims of regulatory bodies of
Nursing
 Permit & encourage nurses to participate &
influence public
 Accountability
 Labor regulations & safeguards

10. Objectives
 To protect public
 To define scope & standards
 To reflect & be responsive to country’s health
care needs
 To develop code of ethics
 To provide equitable, fair & responsible
regulation by criteria
 To maintain & update knowledge, skill & attitude
of professionals
 To prepare strict regulation

11. Role of professional & regulatory
bodies
 To ensure public’s right to quality health care
service by:-
 Setting & enforcing standards of nursing
practice, education
 Setting requirements for registration of
nursing professionals
 To support & assist professional members

12. Functions of Regulatory Bodies
 Licensing
 Ensuring that members practice competently
& ethically
 Responsible for serving & protecting the
public
 Take action against when needed
 Regular reports to government
 High degrees of control & influence over
professional affairs

13. Regulatory Wheel

14. Types of Professional
organizations & regulatory bodies
 Indian nursing council
 The trained nurses association of India
 The student nurses association
 The Punjab nurses registration council
 Health visitors league
 Midwives & Auxillary nurse midwives association
 Christian nurses league of the Christian Medical
Association of India
 World health organization

15. Types ……..
 UNICEF
 UNESCO
 USAID
 UNDP
 FAO
 CARE
 Rockfeller’s Foundation
 FORD foundation
 Colombo plan
 World bank

16. Types conti......
THE MAJOR INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS
 American nurses association (ANA)
 Royal british nurses association
 Canadian nurse association
 National league for nursing

17. 1.Indian Nursing Council
 Statutory body constituted under the INC
Act,1947. Established in 1949. Council
responsible for regulation & maintenance of
a uniform standard of training for nurses,
midwives, auxillary nurses midwifery & health
visitors.

18. INC Regulations
 Part 1:- Time & place of business for meeting
 Part 2:- Conduct of business meeting
 Part 3:- Minutes of council
 Part 4:- Election of members of council
 Part 5:- Resignation & filling of casual
vacancies
 Part 6:- Tenure of office & powers & duties of
officials

19. INC Regulations
 Part 7:- Executive committee
 Part 8:- Committees
 Part 9:- Describes tenure of office & powers
& duties of secretary & staff
 Part 10:- Inspection of examinations &
training institutions
 Part 11:- Finance & accounts
 Part 12:- Sales of publications

20. Indian Nursing Council Act, 1947
 One nurse enrolled in state register elected
by each state council
 Two members by heads of institutions
 One member from themselves by heads of
institutions in which health visitors are trained
 One member by MCI
 One member by central council of IMA
 One member elected by TNAI

21. Amendments in I.N.C Act, 1947
 Amended in November 1957
 Foreign qualification
 Indian Nurses Register

22. Aims & Objectives
 To regulate training policies & programmes
 To bring about standards of nursing training
courses
 To prescribe minimum standards of
education & training
 To regulate standards uniformly
 To recognize degree/ diploma certificate
 To promote research in nursing

23. Functions of I.N.C
 Uniform standard of training, education &
inspection of institutions
 To recognize qualifications
 To give approval for registration
 To prescribe syllabus & regulations for nursing
programmes
 Power to withdraw the recognition of
qualification
 To advise state nursing councils, examining
bodies, state & center governments

24. Organization structure

25. Committees
 Executive committee
 Nursing education committee
 Equivalence committee
 Finance committee

26. Activities of I.N.C
 Activities related to state nursing councils, school of
nursing & examination board
 Activities related to government of India
 Others:-
 Operational management & regulation in interest of
society
 Keeps up to date with tracking international
development
 Understanding research in various relevant fields
 Corporate governance of nurses & nursing
profession

27. 2. Trained Nurses Association of
India
 National professional association of nurses
 Began as association of superintendents &
beginning as ‘Trained Nurses Association’ in
1908
 Inaugurated in 1909
 Florence Mac Haughton was 1st president
 In 1922, TNAI

28. Contin…
 In 1910, 1st issue of Nursing Journal of India
 1st state branch was inaugurated in Delhi
(1949)
 In 1953, Punjab has form the state branch
 In 1969, separate state branches were formed
in Haryana, Himachal Pradesh & Punjab
 Full time salaried secretary was first appointed
in 1935
 1st president was Miss Allen & secretary was
Miss Burn

29. Objectives
 To uphold dignity & honor
 To promote high standards of health care to
nursing practice
 To advance professional, educational,
economic & general welfare of nurses
 To promote sense of espirit de corps
 To enable members to take counsel together
on matter related to nursing profession

30. Membership
 Submission of copy of own state registration
certificate
 Transferred from SNA by transferring a
certificate from institution with in 6 months of
completion
 Full & associate members

31. Activities
 Conferences:- Biannually. In 1972,
quadrennial; in 1980 biannually.
 Continuing education programme
 Monthly publication of ‘Nursing Journal of
India’
 Nursing books, Nursing regulation project
 Scholarships, nursing institutions

32. Benefits
 Belongingness & security, current affairs
 Opportunity to publish papers & articles
 Conference & Workshops
 Railway concession
 Guest room facilities
 Scholarships to TNAI & SNA members
 Affiliation with scholarship funds

33. Achievements
 Raising standard of training of both general &
midwives
 Establishment of nursing colleges in New
Delhi
 State nurses registration councils
 Promotion of health

34. 3. Student Nurses Association
 Established in 1929 at annual conference of
TNAI
 Miss L.N. Jeans 1st honorary organizing
secretary
 In 1954, silver jublie
 Membership strength:- 102207
 State branches:- 33
 SNA Units:- 1002

35. Objectives
 To help students to uphold dignity & ideals
 To promote co-operative spirit
 To aid in overall development of nursing
students
 To help in participating in education & other
co-curricular activities
 To provide FNSNA scholarships, awards &
conferences

36. Membership

37. Activities
 Meetings & conferences
 Maintenance of diary
 Exhibitions
 Public speaking & writing
 Propagation of nursing profession
 Fund raising
 Socio-cultural & recreational activities

38. 4.THE COMMONWEALTH NURSES
FEDERATION
 The Commonwealth Nurses Federation was
formally organised in 1973.
 The TNAI is also affiliated with the
Commonwealth Nurses Federation.

39. Cond...
Aims:
1. Promote sharing, better communications and closer
relationships between its member associations.
2. Provides expert professional advice.
3. Scholarships for advanced study.
4. Financial assistance for professional meetings and
seminars.
5. Running an office through which funds can be
received and dispersed for the benefit of nursing in
countries which are represented.

40. 4. Punjab Nurses Registration
Council

41. Functions
 Time schedule for written & practical
examinations
 Printing of question papers under strict
confidentiality, conduction & evaluation
 Prepare diploma & registration certificates
 Arrange for inspections
 Trace action against person , not abiding
regulations

42. Registration procedure

43. 5. Health Visitor League

44. 6. Midwives & Auxillary Nurse
Midwives Association
 Objectives:-
 To uphold dignity & honor of midwives & ANM
 To bring spirit de corps
 To enable members to counsel together
 To raise standards of education & practice

45. 7. Christian Nurses League of The
Christian Medical Association of India
 An affiliated association of TNAI
 Objectives:-
 To promote co-operation & encouragement
to Christian Nurses
 To help to secure high efficiency in nursing
education & service
 To co-operate & work with CMAI

46. INERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
 For improvement of nursing education &
profession & are voluntary organizations
 Helped in promotion of health, prevention of
illness & disabilities & promote education of
medical & nursing professional

47. International Council for Nurses
 Is a federation of national nurses’
associations (NNAs), representing nurses in
more than 128 countries. Founded in 1899,
ICN is the world’s first and widest reaching
international organisation for health
professionals. Operated by nurses for
nurses, ICN works to ensure quality nursing
care for all.

48. ICN Goals
• To bring nursing together worldwide
• To advance nurses and nursing
worldwide
• To influence health policy

49. ICN Values
 Visionary Leadership
• Inclusiveness
• Flexibility
• Partnership
• Achievement.

50. ICN Works By
 Professional nursing practice
 Nursing regulation
 Socio-economic welfare for
Nurses

51. World Health Organization
 Specialized non political international health
agency of United Nations.
 Head quarters in Geneva, Switzerland
 Constituted on 7th April, 1948, Celebrated as
‘World Health Day’

52. Objectives
 Attainment by all peoples of the highest level
of health
 A state of complete well being
 Enjoyment of highest attainable standard of
health is fundamental right
 Health for all by year 2000

53. Structure
 World health assembly
 The executive board
 WHO secretariat
 Membership

54. Functions
 World’s directing & co-ordinating authority on
all international health work.
 Help countries to strengthen & improve their
own health services, advisory services
 Central technical services:-
 Epidemic warning & disease surveillance
 Administration of international health
regulations
 Health statics on globe scale

55. Health contribution in India

56. UNICEF
 United Nations International Children
Emergency Fund
 Established in 1946, now known as U.N
children fund
 Headquarter in New York
 Regional office at New Delhi
 Main concern to improve health of mothers &
children

57. UNICEF In India
 Education
 Health
 Nutrition
 Water supply
 Social welfare
 GOBI Strategy
 Primary health care
 Health for all

58. UNESCO
 United Nations Educational Scientific &
Cultural Organization
 Contribute to peace & security by promoting
collaboration among nations
 Inaugurated in 1st August, 1945 by
government of Britain
 158 countries membership
 Completed 40 years of its existence

59. Activities
 Broad health education
 Natural sciences
 Social sciences
 Culture
 Community

60. Indian National Commission For
Co-operation With UNESCO
 To serve UNESCO in field of education,
science & culture
 To advise the government of India to
understand the aims & policies of UNESCO
among people of India

61. USAID
 United States Agency for International
development
 Started in 1961
 Provides grants & loans for projects
 Designed to improve health of people

62. USAID on health education in India
 Malaria eradication programme
 Medical & nursing & health education
 Water supply & sanitation
 Control of communicable diseases
 Health education
 Nutrition
 Family planning

63. UNDP
 United Nations Development Programme
 Established in 1966
 Support socio-economic development
 Funds for technical assistance
 Objective is to help portions to develop their
human & natural resources

64. FAO
 Food & Agriculture Organization
 Formed in 1945, headquarters in Rome
 Look after several areas of world co-
operation

65. Aims
 To increase efficiency of farming, fisheries &
forestry
 To help nations to raise living standard
 To better the conditions of rural people
 To ensure that food is consumed by people who
need it , in sufficient quantity or right proportions
 To develop & maintain better state of nutrition
throughout the world

66. Objectives
 World freedom from Hunger Campaign in
1960
 Food is consumed by people who need it in
sufficient quantities & right proportion
 Better state of nutrition throughout the world

67. CARE
 Co-operative for American Relief Everywhere
 Non governmental, 1946
 In India 1950
 World’s largest independent, non-profit, non
sectarian, international relief.

68. Objectives
 To provide supplementary food for children
6-11 years
 From mid 80’s CARE India focused its food
support in ICDS programme

69. CARE-India & Projects
 ICDS
 Better health & nutrition projects
 Anemia control projects
 Improving women’s health project
 Improved health care for adolescent girl
project
 Child survival projects
 Improving women’s reproductive health &
family spacing project

70. ROCKFELLER’S FOUNDATION:-
It was started in 1913 by Mr. John D.Rockfeller.
Activities:-
 Training of competent training & research
workers.
 Sponsoring of visits of a large number of
medical specialists from the USA.
 Providing grants in aid to select the
institutions.
 Development of medical college libraries.

71. Rockfeller’s Foundation
 Started in 1913 by Mr. John D. Rockfeller
 Purpose is to promote well being
 Non governmental agency
 From 1920 in India for implementation of
public health programmes & advancement of
social & agricultural sciences
 Medical education & research

72. Activities
 Training of research workers
 Sponsoring of visits of medical specialists
 Providing grants in aid to select the
institutions
 Development of medical colleges libraries
 Population studies
 Assistance to research projects

73. Ford Foundation
 As a contemporary of Rockfeller foundation
 Dedicated to the field of rural health services
& family planning
 Helps in short term traing program in
community health
 Pilot project on health services
 Water supply & draining of sewage system

74. Colombo plan
 Co-operative unique kind plan inaugurated in
1950
 Objectives:-
 To raise living standard by co-operating &
reviewing the development programme
 AIIMS, New Delhi

75. World Bank
 Specialized agency of the United Nations
 Helping less developed countries to raise
living standard
 Provide financial & technical support for
projects of economics development

76. Functions
 Collaborates with WHO in supporting public
health program on water supply
 Good production & pollution control
 AIDS control
 Concerned with projects involving energy,
transport, railway, industries, education,
agriculture, family planning, health &
environment

77. National social & health voluntary
agencies
 Matru Sewa Sangh
 Hindu Kusht Nivaran Sangh
 Bharat Sevak Samaj
 Kasturba Memorial Fund
 The Central Social Welfare Board
 All India Women’s Conferences
 All India Blind Relief Society

78. Unions Self Defence
 A union is any organization in which employees
participate for the purpose of dealing with their
employer about grievances, labor
disagreements, wages, hours of work &
conditions of employment

79. Objectives of unions
 Wages
 Promotions
 Layoffs
 Discipline
 Grievances procedures
 Fringe benefits

80. Trade unions
 Continuous association of wage earners for
purpose maintaining & improving the
condition of their working lives’.
Webb, Sidney & Beatrice

81. Features of unions
 Association of employees
 Relatively permanent
 For securing social & economic benefits to
members
 Focus on joint, co-ordinated action

82. Unions in India
 At Central Level:-
 All India Government Nurses Federation
 Trained Nurses Association Of India
 Trained Nurses Union
 At State Level
 Orissa Nursing Employee’s Association
 TNAI, Orissa Branch

83. OTHER INTERNATIONAL PROFSSIONAL
ORGANIZATIONS:
 1.AMERICAN NURSES ASSOCIATION
(ANA)
 The American association (ANA) is the national
organization for nursing in the United States. It was
founded in 1896 as the nurses associated Alumnae
of the United states an d Canada. In 1911 then
name was changed to the American Nurses
Association (ANA). It was a character member of
the International Council of Nurses, along with
organizations in Great Britain and Germany at
1899.

84.  In 1982 the organization became a federation of
State nurses associations. Individual participate in
ANA by joining their state nurses association .
 The official journal of the ANA is the American
Journal of Nursing and American nurses is the
official news paper.

85.  As early as 1937 ANA defined professional nursing
as a blend of intellectual attainment, attitude and
mental skills based on principles of scientific
medicine acquired by mean s of prescribed course
in a school of nursing affiliated to hospital
recognised by the state and practiced in conjunction
with curative and preventive medicine by individual
licensed to do so by the state.

86. Cond...
 A constituent of ANA South Dakota nurses association has
in one voice supported professional nursing through advocacy
and communication, networking and collaboration across
nursing specialities; the registered nurse as a patient
advocate working to increase access to quality , upholding
standards of excellence for the profession and implementing
exemplary care in a highly visible fashion.
 It is committed to meet social needs through contemporary
nursing practice. This association brings together a community
of peers strengthening a mutual effort to attain high
standerds of nursing practice.

87. Cond...
The priority issues of ANA
 A restructured health care system that delivers
primary health care in community based settings.
 An expanded role for registered nurses and
advanced practice nurses in delivery of basic and
primary health care.
 Obtaining federal funding for nurse education and
training
 Helping to change and improve the health care work
place to enhance the health and safety of patient
and nurse.

88. Purposes of ANA:
 To foster higher standard of nursing g
practice
 To promote the educational and professional
advancement of nurses so that all people
have better nursing care.

89. 2.ROYAL BRITISH NURSES
ASSOCIATION
 First organization body of trained nurses was
British Nurse Association in the year 1887. It was
called Royal British nurses association by Dr.
Bedyord Fenwick and his wife with HRH
princess Christian, daughter of queen Victoria
as its first President.
 The society for the state Registeration of nurses
was formed in 1902 between 1906 and 1909 the
RBNA , drafted three parliamentary bills on nurse
registeration.

90. Conti...
 The central committee for the state registeration of
nurses was formed in 1909 which introduced
annual parliamentary bills on the nurse
registeration.
 The college of nursing was established in 1916 and
effort was made to merge with RBNA. The general
nursing coun cil chaired by Mrs. Fenwick was
established in 1920. In the year 1995 the
association decided to make the archieves fully
available to the public.

91. 3.CANADIAN NURSE
ASSOCIATION
 The Canadian nurses association is the national
nurses association in Canada. Nurses do not join he
CNA independently but obtain membership by
paying a fee to the provincial chapters. The CNA has
developed standards and code of ethics. And it
offers support to all provincial associations. The NA
prepare licensure examinations and offers research
grant fellowship.
 The official journal of CNA is THE CANADIAN
NURSE, is published monthly.

92. 4.NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING
 The national league for nurses formed in 1952 is
the organization of both individuals and agencies.
Its objective is to foster the development and
improvement of all nursing services and nursing
education. Peope who are not nurses but have an
interest in nursing services.
 E.g. hospital administration can be the league.
 This feature of NLN involving Non – nurse
Members , consumers and nurses from all levels of
practice is unique.

93. Cond.......
 The NLN presents continuing education workshops
and remainder for its members.
 For school of nursing the NLN offers testing
services including preadmission testing for
potential student, and the achievement testing
through the program.
 The NLN also conducts yearly surveys of nursing
schools, newly registered nurses and post basic
graduate student .
 these surveys serve as primary sources of research
data about nursing education in the United States.

94. Cond..
 The National league for nursing accrediting
commission , an independent body within
the NLN, provides voluntary accreditation for
educational programmes in nursing.
 The official journal of the NLN is nursing
and health care perspectives.

95. Bibliography
 Vati J. Principles & Practice of Nursing Management &
Administration for Bsc & Msc Nursing. New Delhi, India: Jaypee
Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd; 2013.
 Zwember AnnJ. Textbook professional adjustments & ethics for
nurses. 6th ed: K.V Mathew for B.I Publications;2008.
 Jacob C. Textbook of issue, trends & management.3rd ed.2002.
 Heidgerken l. Textbook of teaching & learning in school
of Nursing. 3rd