Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
GDM
GDM diagnosis
GDM screening
HbA1c in GDM
HbA1c predicts GDM in first trimester
In middle pregnancy, HbA1c levels decline
HbA1c levels increase in the third trimester
Identifying women with GDM is important because appropriate therapy can decrease maternal and fetal morbidity .
Can prevent two generations from developing diabetes in the future.
Diabetes and various types have been discussed in detail as regard for Pg entrance and with various images, tables .....
Topics discussed: 1) introduction
2) types of diabetes
3) comp0lication of diabetes
4) DKA
5) NKHOC
6) Diabetic nephropathy
7) skin diseases in diabetes
Identifying women with GDM is important because appropriate therapy can decrease maternal and fetal morbidity .
Can prevent two generations from developing diabetes in the future.
Diabetes and various types have been discussed in detail as regard for Pg entrance and with various images, tables .....
Topics discussed: 1) introduction
2) types of diabetes
3) comp0lication of diabetes
4) DKA
5) NKHOC
6) Diabetic nephropathy
7) skin diseases in diabetes
Anemia management of anemia in pregnancyDR MUKESH SAH
Treatment for Anemia
If you are anemic during your pregnancy, you may need to start taking an iron supplement and/or folic acid supplement in addition to your prenatal vitamins. Your doctor may also suggest that you add more foods that are high in iron and folic acid to your diet.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is heterogeneous, multisystem endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age characterized by chronic anovulation resulting in infertility, irregular bleeding, obesity and hirsutism. Most common, although the least understood, cause of androgen excess. Initially it was described in 1935.Also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome
The slide includes:
Introduction
Incidence
Pathophysiology
Pathology
Clinical features
Investigation
Treatment
Growth charts are used to compare the child's height, weight, and head size against children of the same age.
In this presentation, we will identify the most important pattern of pathological abnormal head circumference, failure to thrive, short statures and tall statures.
Anemia management of anemia in pregnancyDR MUKESH SAH
Treatment for Anemia
If you are anemic during your pregnancy, you may need to start taking an iron supplement and/or folic acid supplement in addition to your prenatal vitamins. Your doctor may also suggest that you add more foods that are high in iron and folic acid to your diet.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is heterogeneous, multisystem endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age characterized by chronic anovulation resulting in infertility, irregular bleeding, obesity and hirsutism. Most common, although the least understood, cause of androgen excess. Initially it was described in 1935.Also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome
The slide includes:
Introduction
Incidence
Pathophysiology
Pathology
Clinical features
Investigation
Treatment
Growth charts are used to compare the child's height, weight, and head size against children of the same age.
In this presentation, we will identify the most important pattern of pathological abnormal head circumference, failure to thrive, short statures and tall statures.
Can the management of blood sugar levels in
gestational diabetes mellitus cases be an indicator
of maternal and fetal outcomes? The results of a
prospective cohort study from India
—Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a problem which may occur during pregnancy. For treatment of GDM either the Metformin or Insulin is used. So this prospective randomized multicenter trial in women with GDM was conducted to compare the treatment outcomes of metformin and insulin. This study was conducted at Rajkiya Mahila Chikitsalaya, in Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer. This study was done on 110 women who were diagnosed GDM by DIPSI criteria with a singleton pregnancy and meet entry criteria are randomized to insulin or metformin treatment (55 cases in each group).It was observed that metformin is equally efficacious and safe as insulin with a lot of advantages like less costly, better compliance, less weight gain, less change of hypoglycaemic attack and more feasible as insulin require several daily injection with not much difference in perinatal outcome except statistically significant difference in baby weight, mean cord blood sugar level at birth, large for gestation age. So it can be concluded that Metformin treatment is suitable for non-obese as well as obese type 2 diabetes patients in pregnancy without complications. Metformin is a safer alternate to insulin in GDM management with no adverse maternal and fetal outcome.
This slides describe highlights of epidemiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Zagazig city , Egypt . Hoping in the future , more research will be hold to discover more facts about GDM in egypt.
Background: Data regarding Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Depression in Bangladesh are inadequate. Though we have sufficient information on depression and diabetes especially during pregnancy but information about depression and gestational diabetes and the consequences are very scanty in Bangladesh. This comparative, longitudinal research study was done to better understand the relationship between gestational diabetes and depression, and the outcome of pregnancy. GDM effects fetal growth is well stablish but whether and how depression aggravates the condition was another specific objective to find out from this study. Mode of delivery, fetal morbidity and mortality and postpartum depression as a consequent was also tried to explore. Moreover this study focused on other principal social factors which might have infl uence over this condition
monitoring during pregnancy by diabetesasia.orgDiabetes Asia
Diabetesasia.org is your diabetes resource for asking queries, education, relating and distribution your private diabetes experience or those you care for.
Our aim is to alleviate human suffering related to diabetes and its complications among those least able to withstand the burden of the disease. From 2002 to March 2017, the World Diabetes Foundation provided USD 130 million in funding to 511 projects in 115 countries.
For every dollar spent, the Foundation raises approximately 2 dollars in cash or as in-kind donations from other sources.
The total value of the WDF project portfolio reached USD 377 million, excluding WDF’s own advocacy and strategic platforms.
Our aim is to alleviate human suffering related to diabetes and its complications among those least able to withstand the burden of the disease. From 2002 to March 2017, the World Diabetes Foundation provided USD 130 million in funding to 511 projects in 115 countries.
For every dollar spent, the Foundation raises approximately 2 dollars in cash or as in-kind donations from other sources.
monitoring During Pregnancy by diabetesasia.orgDiabetes Asia
Diabetesasia.org is your diabetes resource for asking queries, education, relating and distribution your private diabetes experience or those you care for.
Our aim is to alleviate human suffering related to diabetes and its complications among those least able to withstand the burden of the disease. From 2002 to March 2017, the World Diabetes Foundation provided USD 130 million in funding to 511 projects in 115 countries. For every dollar spent, the Foundation raises approximately 2 dollars in cash or as in-kind donations from other sources. The total value of the WDF project portfolio reached USD 377 million, excluding WDF’s own advocacy and strategic platforms.
Fertility preservation in Cancer patientsArunSharma10
The need for fertility preservation
Chemotherapeutic drugs according to gonadotoxicity level
Fertility preservation: subject of continuous review by experts
Non-oncological conditions requiring fertility preservation
Delayed childbearing
AVAILABLE PROCEDURES FOR FP
Embryo and oocyte cryopreservation
Burden of leprosy in India
Multi-drug therapy
MDT
WHO Diagnostic guidelines
Drug resistance
Stigma
Serological tests
Social stigma of leprosy
Dapsone resistance
Rifampicin resistance
Mycobacterium leprae
surveillance of AMR in leprosy
Adherence to MDT is important
Global leprosy strategy
ACOG
ACOG 2019 Guidelines
American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Practice Bulletin
CVD in pregnancy
Cardiovascular Diseases in pregnancy
Managing heart disease in pregnancy
Managing heart diseases after pregnanacy
post-partum management of heart diseases in pregnancy
Endomteriosis
Endomteriosis
Endomteriosis
Endomteriosis
Endomteriosis of eye
Unusual spectrum of endometriosis
Extraordinary case od endometriosis
Endomteriosis
Stop Endomteriosis
Treat Endometriosis
How to treat psoriasis
how to manage psoriasis
difficult cases of psoriasis
diagnosis of psoriasis
cure of psoriasis
how to handle psoriasis
how to diagnose psoriasis
biological therapy of psoriasis
nail psoriasis
psoriasis icd 10
MCIi guidelines for doctors on sexual boundariesArunSharma10
Medical Council of India
Medical Council of India guidelines
Medical Council of India guidelines for doctors
MCI
MCI Guidelines
Guidelines by MCI
Latest MCI guidelines
Diagnosis of endometriosis in the 21 st centuryArunSharma10
Diagnosis of endometriosis is a challenge
Unmet needs in diagnosis of endometriosis
Non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis
Urinary biomarkers
Peripheral biomarkers
Genetic predisposition in endometriosis
Genetic tests in endometriosis
Tissue biomarkers
miRNAs in the diagnosis of endometriosis
Endometriosis diagnosis
Illegible prescription could lead to deficiency in serviceArunSharma10
Illegible prescription could lead to medical negligence and deficiency of service
Misinterpretation by the pharmacist
Wrongful dispensing of medicines by pharmacist
National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
Delhi State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
Consumer court
Medical negligence
Medical negligence in nephrology
Bad handwriting in prescription
Cooper vs Wakley
first record of medical malpractice
medical negligence in history
first case of medical negligence
surgical negligence during lithotomy
historical aspect of medical negligence
Thomas Wakley vs Baransby Cooper
First medical negligence suit
Thomas Wakley Founder of The Lancet
Labour induction
Induction of labour
Guidelines on induction of labour
Guidelines on labour induction
induction of labour is not risk free
prostaglandins for induction of labour
Bishop score
Cervical ripening techniques
mechanical and pharmacological induction of labour
Post dates induction
options for cervical ripening
oral vs. vaginal misoprostol
advantages diadvantages and techniques for induction of labour
gynecology & obstetrics
Labour induction methods
review of guidelines for labour induction
Endometriosis in the peri menopause/ post menopauseArunSharma10
Post menopausal endometriosis
Endometriosis during menopause
Endometriosis in menopause
Endometriosis after menopause
Endometriosis
Endometriosis and cancer
Is endometriosis a problem of reproductive years only?
Explanation for endometriosis after menopause
Prevalence of endometriosis
Coelomic metaplasia theory
Estrogen threshold theory
HRT and post menopausal endometriosis
Tamoxifen & postmenopausal endometriosis
Guidelines for the management of acne
French Guidelines for the management of acne
Acne treatment guidelines
Management of acne
Antibiotics in acne
hormone therapy for acne
First Pediatric Concussion Treatment Guidelines by CDC
mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)
recommendations on the diagnosis, prognosis, and management/treatment of pediatric mTBI
review of pediatric mTBI scientific evidence
Refrain from routinely imaging children to diagnose mTBI
New ESC guideline on cardiovascular disease in pregnancyArunSharma10
New ESC Guideline on Cardiovascular Disease in Pregnancy
Management of Cardiovascular Diseases During Pregnancy
Women with CVD
LMWH
Drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Valvular heart disease
Coronary artery disease
Pregnancy is complicated by maternal disease in 1–4% of cases
Counseling patients on healthy dietary patterns is challenging
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Get the right nutrients
The US Department of Agriculture
DASH diet
Mediterranean diet
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
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2. According to a new study published in
the Scientific Reports, Hemoglobin A1C
(HbA1c) measured in the first trimester
improved the prediction of gestational
diabetes mellitus (GDM)
3.
4. • HbA1cserves as an indicator of blood glucose control in the prior 3 4
months, may be an avenue for earlier identification of women at
risk for GDM
• However, while HbA1c is currently used among high-risk women at
the first prenatal visit to identify women with overt type 2
diabetes (T2D), it is not currently used to screen for GDM
• According to the authors, a few prior studies have examined if
HbA1c measured in the first trimester is useful for early prediction
of GDM; however, these studies have been among high-risk
populations only.
5. • Records from the NICHD Fetal Growth Study*, between 2009 and
2013 were analyzed
• HbA1c test results from 107 women who later developed GDM
were compared to test results from 214 women who did not
develop the condition
• Most of the women had tests at four intervals during
pregnancy: early (weeks 8-13), middle (weeks 16-22 and 24-29)
and late (weeks 34-37).
*A large observational study that recruited more than 2,000 low-risk pregnant women from 12 U.S. clinical sites
Methodology
6.
7. Women who went on to develop gestational
diabetes had higher HbA1c levels (an average
of 5.3 %), compared to those without GDM (an
average HbA1c level of 5.1 %)
Key Finding 1
8. Each .1 % increase in HbA1c above 5.1
percent in early pregnancy was
associated with a 22 % higher risk for
gestational diabetes
Key Finding 2
10. However, HbA1c levels increased in the final
third of pregnancy, which is consistent with the
decrease in sensitivity to insulin that often
occurs during this time period
Key Finding 4
11. With increasing levels of HbA1c, GDM risk
increased significantly and in a linear fashion
Key Finding 5
12.
13. The study highlights the potential important
clinical utility of HbA1c measurement in the
first trimester of pregnancy, even among
low-risk women
14. GDM prediction was significantly improved with
the inclusion of HbA1c over conventional risk
factors suggesting that it could be used to
improve early risk-stratification and screening
15. Hyperglycemia even among women
without pre-pregnancy diabetes may be
important for the development of GDM