This is a slide prepared about two viral diseases of Cardamom by me and sushil for classroom presentation of Pathology. All the photos inserted in this slides are downloaded from the internet and belongs to respective uploader.

1. Chirkey and Foorkey disease of
Cardamom
Prepared by:
Suraj Poudel (Roll no. 60)
Sushil Pokhrel (Roll no. 61)

2. 1.Chirkey disease of Cardamom
Causative organisms: Large Cardamom Chirke Virus(LCCV) under the
genus Macluravirus, family potyviridae
Symptoms:
• The disease is characterized by streak mosaic appearance on leaves.
• Symptoms are more prominent on young emerged leaves.
• Discrete pale green to yellow longitudinal strips running parallel to each
other is seen.
• In the severely affected plant, the mosaic streaks coalesce and the leaf
gradually turns brown and dries up subsequently.
• Flower is greatly reduced and only 1-5 flowers develop in an
inflorescence.
• Yield is reduced with time.

3. Fig: Chirkey disease of cardamom

4. Disease cycle:
• Disease spreads primarily through infected rhizome used for propagation
and secondary spread in the field through insect vectors.
Transmission:
• Virus is sap and vector transmissible i.e maize aphid Rhopalosiphum
maidis in non persistent manner from one plant to another.
Favorable condition:
• Lack of phyto-sanitation to destroy the insect vector, presence of infected
old plants in garden.

5. 2. Foorkey disease of Cardamom
Causative organisms: Cardamom Bushy Dwarf Virus (CBDV). The virus
belongs to the genus Nanovirus and family Nanoviridae. (Mandel et al., 2004)
Symptoms:
• In Nepalese, foorkey means bushy.
• The affected plants produce profuse stunted shoots which fail to produce
flowers.
• The leaves become small, lightly curled and pale green in colour.
• The inflorescence becomes stunted, thereby producing no flowers and fruits.
• The capsule size reduced and chaffy without seeds.

6. Fig: Foorkey disease of cardamom

7. Disease cycle:
• Disease spreads primarily through infected rhizome used for propagation
and secondary spread in the field through insect vectors.
Transmission:
• Virus is not sap transmissible but it is vector transmissible non-
persistently by banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa, Micromyzus
kalimpongensis.
Favorable condition:
• Lack of phyto-sanitation to destroy the insect vector, presence of infected
old plants in garden.

8. Control measures (Chirkey and Foorkey disease):
• Time to time extirpate of diseased plants.
• Sanitation of the field.
• Transplanting in disease free area.
• Virus free rhizome from tissue culture.
• For Chirkey disease: 0.075% hydroquinone treatment of rhizomes and soil
drenching with 0.1% of thiouracil showed virus inhibition.
• Injection of few milliliters of Agrozone-40 into the infected rhizomes
caused withering that facilitated easy lifting of the clumps.
• Use of resistant varieties; Kopringe and Swaney for Chirkey disease and
Kopringe for foorkey disease.
• Spray metasystox once in three weeks to check the movement of aphid
vectors.

9. References:
• http://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/integrated-pest-
managment/ipm-for-spice-crops/ipm-strategies-for-large-cardamom/ginger-
diseases-and-symptoms
• J. Paudel, et al., “Viral Diseases of Large Cardamom their effect on
Production and their Management", International Journal of Research
Studies in Agricultural Sciences, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 21-26, 2018.
https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijrsas/v4-i2/3.pdf
• Pandey B.P. 2014. Plant Pathology, Pathogen and Plant Diseases. S. Chand
Publishing, Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110055 P346