This document discusses several key topics in geology including metamorphic rocks like gneiss and quartz, sedimentary rocks like sandstone, igneous rocks like granite and basalt, the San Andreas Fault, weathering processes, mass wasting and erosion events, sedimentary environments, and practical uses of geology like bridges. It provides descriptions and examples of different rock types found in various locations and how they are formed through metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous processes. Faults, weathering, erosion, and sedimentary environments are also summarized.

1. Geology 3
PART 1
ANDREINA LOPEZ

2. Metamorphism Rock
Gneissic
 Gneissic rock come from the Metamorphism
rock.
 Metamorphism rock change their form.
 The changes are in the mineralogy, texture, and
sometimes the chemical composition of rocks
 Metamorphism rocks takes place usually in
elevate temperatures and pressures.
 These rocks gradually change until state of
equilibrium with the new environment.
 The Agents of metamorphism include
heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids.

3. Gneissic
 Gneissic rock is a common and widely
distributed type of rock.
 The rocks with a banded appearance are call
gneissic.
 Foliated gneissic will not usually split as easily
as slates and some schist.
 I found this gneissic rock in Turlock lake .
 The place can be found along the side of Lake
Street in the county of Stanislaus.

4. Gneissic
 I identify the rock for its texture, it has little
dark biotite flakes, and the light silicate
minerals.
 Given the rock a banded or layered
appearance.
 Gneissic has a foliated texture

5. Gneissic

6. Quartz
 Quartz is a very hard metamorphism rock.
 The Changes on Metamorphism rocks
increased the density, change in
size, reorientation of mineral grains
 The transformation of low temperature
minerals into high temperature minerals.
 Metamorphism rocks can be broadly
classified in foliation exhibited and to lesser
extend on the chemical composition.

7. Quartz
 The quartz is a non foliated texture
 Fused quartz grains, massive, very hard
 We can find this type of rock in the water or near
to it.
 The quartz are formed in sandstone.
 Quartz formed under moderate to high grade
and the grains in sandstone fuse together.
 The quartz ridges are often bare or covered only
with very thin layer of soil and a little vegetation.

8. I identify this rock because it was near the water
in a river that passes through Yosemite National
Park, and this rock shows grains typical of a
quartz. These rocks colors are in a scale from
white to gray.

9. Sedimentary Rocks
 About 75 percent of the land areas are
covered by sediments and sedimentary rocks.
 Across the ocean floor the earth solid
surface, virtually everything is covered by
sediment.
 These rocks are mostly located in mid
ocean, water and at some volcanic areas.
 The particles of the sedimentary rocks by
accumulating is call sediment.

10. Sedimentary Rocks
 The sediment are formed by weathering and
erosion in a source area, and then they are
transported to the place of deposition by
water, winds mass movement or glaciers.
 This group of rocks provides geologists with
much of the basic information they need to
reconstruct the details of Earth history.

11. Sandstone
 The name of this rock in which the sand size
grain dominate
 Sandstone is the most abundant sedimentary
rock, accounting for approximately 20 percent of
the entire group.
 Sandstone form in a variety of environment and
often contain significant clues about their origin.
 The shapes of the sand can also help decipher
the history of sandstone.
 The sandstone also containing significant
amount of feldspar and angular grain of the
ferromagnesian minerals.

12. This sandstone is a
sedimentary rock ; I found
it in Turlock Lake inside
the cold water

13. Igneous
 The igneous rocks are composed or interlocking
crystals.
 Igneous are form in two basic settings Magma
and Crystallizes.
 When magna loses its mobility before reaching
the surface it eventually crystallizes to form an
igneous rocks.
 They are also known as plutonic rocks.
 Igneous rocks are abundant in western portions
of the american like volcanic peak cascades and
mountains .

14. Granite Rock
 This rock is dominated by minerals.
 The geologist also refers to granite rock as
being felsic.
 Granitic rocks are rich in silica they contain
about 70 percent of it.

15. Granite Rock
The granite is an igneous rock. I found
this sample in the mountains of Yosemite.
I identify this rock by its texture.

16. Mafic Basaltic Rock
 Basalt is a very dark green to black.
 This rock is composed primarily of pyroxene
and calcium.
 Basalt is the most common extrusive igneous
rock.
 Many volcanic island and Iceland are
composed mainly of Basalt rocks/
 I found that this rock is a Basaltic based on
the color, texture and the upper layers.

17. Basalt

18. GEOLOGY
PART II

19. FAULT
The San Andreas Fault

20. San Andreas Fault
 I was not able to take an actual picture of the San Andreas fault; I
found these pictures in the internet, and they show a clear view
of the fault near the San Francisco Bay. A fault is an area where
ground pushing in different directions meet. The pressure of the
opposing movements eventually becomes too much, resulting in
an earthquake. The San Andreas Fault is a large fault running
underneath California, including many heavily populated areas.
Many geologists predict a devastating earthquake along that
fault in California running from San Diego to San Francisco. It is a
fault line where major quakes have occurred along. There are
plates that rest on top of each other and at the point of the fault
there is a lot of pressure. If these tectonic plates move there
could possibly be a quake as powerful as the last one to hit Japan
or worse. The power in these plates measure in the range of
hundreds of a-bombs going off at once - that is the kind of
pressure that would be released.

21. weathering processes
 Physical and Chemical weathering
 Physical disintegration and chemical decomposition of rocks, minerals, and
immature soils at or near the Earth's surface. Physical, chemical, and biological
processes induced or modified by wind, water, and climate cause the changes.
Weathering is distinguished from erosion in that no transportation of material is
involved. A broader application of erosion, however, includes weathering as a
component
 Chemical is the process of chemically altering a rock, but not by heat and
pressure metamorphism, simply by chemical constituents changing the rock.
This is most famously seen in the case where dilute solutions of hydrochloric acid
, runs across limestone, which is calcite, dissolves it, and leaves behind caves, or
sink holes, or karst topography,
 Physical weathering is the breaking down of rock without changing its
composition. The filling of cracks with water which then freezes and expands
breaking the rock apart is one type of physical (also called mechanical
weathering) called ice wedging or frost action. Gravity causing rock to fall and
break apart is another example of physical weathering. Plant roots growing in
cracks and breaking the rock apart is another example of physical weathering.

22. Physical and Chemical

23. Mass wasting and erosion
events
 erosion is an action causing large bodies of rock to become
much smaller. The mechanisms for this are
wind/weather, chemical and mechanical. Wind erosion can
be seen in deserts where the wind Caries small particles of
sand the scrubs larger bodies into weird twisted shapes.
Chemical erosion is seen in acid rain and such. This leaches
or alters chemicals in the rock causing it to alter or dissolve.
 Mass erosion is by which soil, regolith, and rock move down
slope under the force of gravity. Types of mass wasting
include creep, slides, flows, topples, and falls, each with its
own characteristic features, and taking place over
timescales from seconds to years.

25. sedimentary environments
A sedimentary, or depositional, environment is an area on the
Earth's surface, such as a lake or stream, where large volumes
of sediment accumulate. All environments settings;
terrestrial, coastal or marginal marine, and
marine, environments, each with their own characteristic
environmental factors and ments of deposition belong to one
of three sedimentary deposits, make up a sedimentary
environment.

26. practical use of geology
this is a bridge on my town
Firebaugh CA, we use very
mucho this is the way to go
to Fresno.

27. Resources
 www.geology.com
 www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G102/102terr.htm
 http://science.jrank.org
 Texbook Tarbuck Lutgens Tasa, An
introduction to Physical geology Tenth
Edition.