This document discusses unit testing Android applications using Robolectric. It introduces Robolectric as a tool that allows loading and testing Android classes in pure Java projects. It then discusses various testing techniques using Robolectric including mocking Android classes and context, using spies, and reducing the use of shadows by leveraging value qualifiers. The document emphasizes removing shadows as much as possible to get closer to real code.

1. Unit Testing
with Robolectric
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2. • Since 2012 Lead Engineer Android @
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• Before Team Lead Mobile Enterprise
Solutions @ Cortado
• C++ Developer @ PSI AG
• Started career as developer @ Alcatel
• articles in: android360, mobile Technology,
Java Magazin
• speaker: Blackberry Developer Conference SF,
DroidCons
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4. SOLID
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:120513-BER-innen.JPG

5. Raus aus der Garage!
Tidy garage by Bryn Pinzgauer CC 2.0
http://www."ickr.com/photos/12394349@N06/4492572621/in/photostream/

6. • Junit 4
(out for 6+ years!!)
• Use all your
utilities
(i.e. mocking)
• Use your coverage
framework
• Use CI tools
without Android
plugins (sonar)
Scyscrapers by elminium, CC 2.0 http://www."ickr.com/photos/lumen850/5461476268/in/
photostream/

7. Pure JUnit?
java.lang.RuntimeException: Stub!
Android Firewall by Uncalno, CC BY 2.0 "ickr.com/photos/uncalno/8538679708

8. Separate Java and Android Code?
• Android is not Java!
• Intent, Bundle,
SparseArray, Uri.. not
fancy device classes!
• Context everywhere
• Recreate the
System! (interface
UI {...} ?)
Great Wall of China (IV) by isawnyu. CC 2.0 http://
www."ickr.com/photos/isawnyu/7183821643/in/
photostream/

9. Allows loading of Android Classes
in pure Java projects

10. static Intent createIntent(Context context, String query,
String value) {
Intent i = new Intent(context, AdListActivity.class);
i.putExtra(AppConstants.QUERY, query);
i.putExtra(AppConstants.VALUE, queryString);
return i;
}
@Test
public void createIntentForQuery() {
Context c = new AdListActivity();
Intent intent =
MyActivity.createIntent(c, "key", "value");
assertNotNull(intent);
}

11. In practice (with programs of several thousand lines of
code), we haven't discovered any signi!cant di"erences
between the two VMs, and we would consider any
di"erence to be a bug in one or the other VM.“
https://sites.google.com/site/androiddevtesting/
Is this valid?

12. static Intent createIntent(Context context, String query,
String value) {
Intent i = new Intent(context, AdListActivity.class);
i.putExtra(AppConstants.QUERY, query);
i.putExtra(AppConstants.VALUE, queryString);
return i;
}
@Test
public void createIntentForQuery() {
Context c = mock(Context.class);
Intent intent =
MyActivity.createIntent(c, "key", "value");
assertNotNull(intent);
}

13. what's this mock thing?
Martin Fowler:
„test-doubles ... pre-programmed with
expectations “

14. mocks...
TelephonyManager mgr =
mock(TelephonyManager.class);
when(mgr.getDeviceId()).thenReturn("123456");
...
verify(mgr).getDevice();and/or
verifyNoMoreInteractions(mgr);

15. MyPreferences pref = spy(new MyPreferences(ctx))
...
spys...
verify(pref).saveTitle(same(title));
verify(pref).savePersonalData(anyString());

16. Let’s do some Magic…
magic by digitlizedchaos, CC 2.0
"ickr.com/photos/digitizedchaos/4889987210/
in/photostream/

17. @Test
public void checkPhoneNumberIsHidden() {
MyActivity activity = new MyActivity();
activity.onCreate();
TextView tv = (TextView)
activity.findViewById(R.id.callText);
assertEquals(View.GONE, tv.getVisibility());
}

18. long shadows by Matthew Photography CC 2.0 "ickr.com/photos/
21560098@N06/8064387720/in/photostream/
let's talk about shadows...

19. Dead End - mid by bennylin0724, CC BY 2.0
flickr.com/photos/benny_lin/191393604

20. 2.0

21. 2.0
@Test @Values(qualifiers = "fr-land")
public void
shouldShowBucolicFrenchLandscape() throws
Exception {
// ...
}
• less shadows, more real code
(goal is to remove 99% of shadows)
• since alpha2: support package complete shadow free
• aims for sherlock supported, library support
• performance boost
• Value quali$ers:

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