The Kyocera KR2 Mobile Router allows you to create a Wi-Fi® hotspot virtually anywhere. It uses 1xEV-DO as its WAN backhaul and functions like an access point supporting multiple computers and devices with wireless broadband connectivity. All you need is a PCMCIA Card, Express card, USB (phone or modem), or cable modem connection. The KR2 Mobile Router is especially useful for mobile work groups such as emergency mobile deployments, dispatch teams, consultants, road-warrior sales groups, satellite offices, command posts, in RV's or public transportation, and more. It can also be used as a reliable alternative or in conjunction with fixed broadband services in your home.
The document discusses an outage caused by a router enabled with proxy ARP in an internet exchange (IX) environment. When a customer's router was moved to the production network, it began responding to ARP requests for IP addresses that were not assigned to it, causing over 100 BGP sessions to go down. Troubleshooting found the issue was due to the router's proxy ARP being enabled without a valid IP address. The document recommends testing routers for proxy ARP, confirming IP address assignments before enabling routers, ensuring duty engineers have sufficient information, enabling kernel logs, and informing customers promptly of outages. It also describes tools used in the IX environment like traffic monitoring, ARP caching, and visualizations to aid future incident response.
Dynamic ARP inspection (DAI) is a security feature that prevents man-in-the-middle attacks by validating ARP packets. It relies on DHCP snooping to build a database of valid IP-MAC address bindings. When enabled, DAI will drop ARP packets that do not match entries in the DHCP snooping database, preventing ARP poisoning attacks. The document then demonstrates configuring and testing DAI on a switch to block an ARP poisoning attempt by a rogue workstation.
In episode 1 of our 2 part webinar series, Cumulus Networks Chief Scientist Dinesh Dutt walks our audience through the drivers behind the industry movement towards web-scale networking. We then go into the fundamentals of network automation and best practices for using tools like Puppet, Chef, Ansible and more to simplify network automation.
Multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The document discusses well-known multicast addresses, calculating multicast MAC addresses from IP addresses, and protocols for managing multicast traffic distribution including IGMP, CGMP, IGMP snooping, and RGMP. IGMP is used by hosts to join and leave multicast groups and by routers to manage multicast traffic forwarding. Version 2 is the default and includes features like group-specific queries and shorter leave latency. CGMP and IGMP snooping allow switches to optimize multicast forwarding.
This document provides an overview of IEEE 1588 precision time protocol (PTP). It describes IEEE 1588-2002 and 1588-2008 standards, including clock types, message types, best master clock algorithm, and synchronization methods. It also discusses message transport and some open source software implementations of PTP on Linux.
The document summarizes precision time synchronization techniques. It begins with an overview of time synchronization and its applications in fields like industrial automation, stock trading, and cloud computing. It then provides details on IEEE 1588, including its objectives to achieve sub-microsecond synchronization across networked devices and support for heterogeneous clock systems. The document discusses PTP communication ports, roles, and the Best Master Clock Algorithm for determining roles. It also outlines PTP message types and how hardware-assisted time stamping increases accuracy. Lastly, it promotes participation in the 2012 International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication.
This document discusses several VPN technologies including:
1. Naked DMVPN which allows direct spoke-to-spoke tunnels without traversing the hub to lower costs and increase bandwidth.
2. Protected DMVPN which adds IPsec encryption to DMVPN tunnels for added security using ISAKMP/IKE and crypto profiles.
3. IKE call admission control which discusses IKEv1 and IKEv2 protocols used to set up IPsec security associations and their differences like improved NAT traversal and liveness detection in IKEv2.
The Kyocera KR2 Mobile Router allows you to create a Wi-Fi® hotspot virtually anywhere. It uses 1xEV-DO as its WAN backhaul and functions like an access point supporting multiple computers and devices with wireless broadband connectivity. All you need is a PCMCIA Card, Express card, USB (phone or modem), or cable modem connection. The KR2 Mobile Router is especially useful for mobile work groups such as emergency mobile deployments, dispatch teams, consultants, road-warrior sales groups, satellite offices, command posts, in RV's or public transportation, and more. It can also be used as a reliable alternative or in conjunction with fixed broadband services in your home.
The document discusses an outage caused by a router enabled with proxy ARP in an internet exchange (IX) environment. When a customer's router was moved to the production network, it began responding to ARP requests for IP addresses that were not assigned to it, causing over 100 BGP sessions to go down. Troubleshooting found the issue was due to the router's proxy ARP being enabled without a valid IP address. The document recommends testing routers for proxy ARP, confirming IP address assignments before enabling routers, ensuring duty engineers have sufficient information, enabling kernel logs, and informing customers promptly of outages. It also describes tools used in the IX environment like traffic monitoring, ARP caching, and visualizations to aid future incident response.
Dynamic ARP inspection (DAI) is a security feature that prevents man-in-the-middle attacks by validating ARP packets. It relies on DHCP snooping to build a database of valid IP-MAC address bindings. When enabled, DAI will drop ARP packets that do not match entries in the DHCP snooping database, preventing ARP poisoning attacks. The document then demonstrates configuring and testing DAI on a switch to block an ARP poisoning attempt by a rogue workstation.
In episode 1 of our 2 part webinar series, Cumulus Networks Chief Scientist Dinesh Dutt walks our audience through the drivers behind the industry movement towards web-scale networking. We then go into the fundamentals of network automation and best practices for using tools like Puppet, Chef, Ansible and more to simplify network automation.
Multicast IP addresses range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. The document discusses well-known multicast addresses, calculating multicast MAC addresses from IP addresses, and protocols for managing multicast traffic distribution including IGMP, CGMP, IGMP snooping, and RGMP. IGMP is used by hosts to join and leave multicast groups and by routers to manage multicast traffic forwarding. Version 2 is the default and includes features like group-specific queries and shorter leave latency. CGMP and IGMP snooping allow switches to optimize multicast forwarding.
This document provides an overview of IEEE 1588 precision time protocol (PTP). It describes IEEE 1588-2002 and 1588-2008 standards, including clock types, message types, best master clock algorithm, and synchronization methods. It also discusses message transport and some open source software implementations of PTP on Linux.
The document summarizes precision time synchronization techniques. It begins with an overview of time synchronization and its applications in fields like industrial automation, stock trading, and cloud computing. It then provides details on IEEE 1588, including its objectives to achieve sub-microsecond synchronization across networked devices and support for heterogeneous clock systems. The document discusses PTP communication ports, roles, and the Best Master Clock Algorithm for determining roles. It also outlines PTP message types and how hardware-assisted time stamping increases accuracy. Lastly, it promotes participation in the 2012 International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication.
This document discusses several VPN technologies including:
1. Naked DMVPN which allows direct spoke-to-spoke tunnels without traversing the hub to lower costs and increase bandwidth.
2. Protected DMVPN which adds IPsec encryption to DMVPN tunnels for added security using ISAKMP/IKE and crypto profiles.
3. IKE call admission control which discusses IKEv1 and IKEv2 protocols used to set up IPsec security associations and their differences like improved NAT traversal and liveness detection in IKEv2.
IP Source Guard (IPSG) helps prevent IP spoofing attacks by dropping any traffic that does not match the bindings in the DHCP Snooping database or configured static IP bindings. IPSG creates ACLs dynamically on each port to block unauthorized traffic. It must be enabled on all access ports along with DHCP Snooping to be effective. Static IP/MAC bindings can also be configured for devices not using DHCP.
How deep is your buffer – Demystifying buffers and application performanceCumulus Networks
Packet buffer memory is among the oldest topics in networking, and yet it never seems to fade in popularity. Starting from the days of buffers sized by the bandwidth delay product to what is now called "buffer bloat", from the days of 10Mbps to 100Gbps, the discussion around how deep should the buffers be never ceases to evoke opinionated responses.
In this webinar we will be joined by JR Rivers, co-founder and CTO of Cumulus Networks, a man who has designed many ultra-successful switching chips, switch products, and compute platforms, to discuss the innards of buffering. This webinar will cover data path theory, tools to evaluate network data path behavior, and the configuration variations that affect application visible outcomes.
This document discusses RPM (Real-time Performance Monitoring) service in Junos. It provides an overview of what RPM is, how it works, advantages and disadvantages of using it, and steps to implement RPM service in Junos. Specifically, it configures an RPM probe to monitor connectivity to an ISP, and uses the results to switch the primary route if the connection is lost.
Getting clocks to agree on the time is tricky. Getting them to agree on the time better than 100 nanoseconds is even trickier.
In this talk I will provide an introduction to the basic principles of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) and how it can be used to precisely synchronize computers over a LAN.
http://www.nycbug.org/index.cgi?action=view&id=10361
DHCP Snooping allows switches to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks by DHCP spoofing. It trusts only the port connected to the DHCP server, monitors traffic for IP and MAC bindings, and uses this information for other security features. When enabled, DHCP Snooping will only forward DHCP requests to trusted ports and maintain a table of client bindings.
Remote VPNs allow secure access to corporate networks from remote locations by establishing an encrypted tunnel over the Internet. They provide secure communications and access rights tailored to individual users, enhancing productivity by extending corporate networks and applications while reducing costs and increasing flexibility. The example configuration shows a remote client (R1) connecting to a VPN server (R3) using IKE and IPsec to securely access resources on R3's network.
This document provides instructions for setting up and configuring OTV (Overlay Transport Virtualization) in a lab environment to connect two data center sites. The key steps include:
1. Setting up the physical lab topology with two Nexus 7000 switches acting as OTV edge devices in each site, with dedicated VDCs for OTV.
2. Configuring OTV features and licenses on the edge devices, defining the site VLAN and extended VLANs, and configuring join interfaces to connect the devices.
3. Creating overlay interfaces on the edge devices and associating the control and data multicast groups.
4. Verifying the OTV configuration and checking for adjacencies between edge devices
iptables is a user-space utility program that allows a system administrator to configure the tables provided by the Linux kernel firewall (implemented as different Netfilter modules) and the chains and rules it store
TCLSH and Macro Ping Test on Cisco Routers and SwitchesNetProtocol Xpert
TCLSH and macros can be used on Cisco routers and switches to automate pinging multiple IP addresses to check connectivity. TCLSH scripts use a foreach loop to ping each IP address returned from show commands like show ip alias or show ip interface brief. Macros can also be used on switches that do not support TCLSH by creating a macro that executes multiple ping commands in the global configuration. Both methods ping multiple addresses without needing to manually ping each one.
Presentation describing the the use of the PSKmail system for digital communications during disaster conditions. Held by Rein Couperus, PA0R, during the International GAREC2013 Conference in Zurich 27th June .
BSidesROC 2016 - Nick Piazza - Fault Tolerant Command and Control NetworksBSidesROC
The Command & Control (C2) network is the heart of any botnet. If you lose your command and control channel, then your bots are left in the wild with no way to reach them, stuck on their last instruction. In this talk we will explore ways to ensure that your command and control network is tolerant to changes and can adapt to servers being dynamically added to and removed from the network, as well as the organization of bots and how they connect to your C2 infrastructure.
This document outlines the steps to configure HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) on two multi-layer switches (MLS1 and MLS2) including: configuring IP addresses, EIGRP routing, web server and NTP server, setting MLS1 as the active router, tracking the state of interfaces, using HSRP for load balancing between the routers, and enabling NAT on the border router for internal traffic.
Combined (NullDelhi + OWASPDelhi) Webinar on UDP Hunter by Savan Gadhiya on 10th May, 2020.
For the full video, please visit - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLEL5XrzFyE
This document provides an introduction to migrating to IPv6 and the IPv6 features supported in ProCurve switch software release K.13.01. It discusses dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 operation, connecting to IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling devices, and the IPv6 configuration, management, security, and troubleshooting features supported, including stateless and stateful address assignment, neighbor discovery, and diagnostic tools.
Cisco discovery drs ent module 3 - v.4 in english.igede tirtanata
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts like VLANs, trunking, VTP, and STP.
Some key points:
- A router can connect VLANs on a switch using a trunk port and subinterfaces for each VLAN.
- VTP is used to maintain VLAN configuration consistency across switches in the same management domain and mode.
- STP elects a root bridge and puts switch ports into blocking, listening, learning, or forwarding states to prevent loops.
IP tables-the linux firewall. This link shows the pdf document that you can download.This is a useful document for the beginners, lays the attention to know more about the topic.
The document discusses securing Cisco routers by hardening configurations based on the NSA Router Security Configuration Guide. It covers topics such as physical security of routers, defining loopback interfaces, banner configuration, blocking SYN flooding attacks using TCP intercept, tuning IP stack parameters like limiting embryonic connections and enabling TCP selective acknowledgment. It also discusses access control measures like basic authentication, AAA authentication using RADIUS/TACACS+, privilege levels, and disabling unused ports and protocols like CDP.
Routers R1 and R2 were configured with OSPF routing and subnets were created for different departments on each router. Router R0 was configured as the central router to connect R1 and R2 along with providing DHCP and DNS services. Ping tests verified connectivity between devices on different subnets routing through the OSPF configured routers.
The document describes configuration labs for various routing protocols and technologies:
- It includes labs for static route configuration, RIP v1/v2, EIGRP, OSPF, route redistribution, switch configuration, VLANs, VTP, STP, and routing between VLANs.
- Frame relay labs cover basic configuration, static maps, routing protocols in Frame Relay networks, point-to-point and multi-point subinterfaces.
- Other labs cover PPP authentication, NAT, ACLs, IPv6, and more. The labs provide instructions to configure the protocols and verify their operation in sample network topologies.
Ripe71 FastNetMon open source DoS / DDoS mitigationPavel Odintsov
This document describes FastNetMon, an open source DDoS mitigation toolkit. It provides concise summaries of network traffic and detects DDoS attacks in real-time. It can block malicious traffic through methods like BGP announcements. FastNetMon supports many Linux distributions and can integrate with hardware/cloud solutions. It detects attacks faster than traditional hardware/service approaches through optimized packet capture using tools like Netmap and PF_RING.
The document discusses various concepts related to understanding router throughput, including:
- Throughput is a measure of how much data a system can process in a given time period. For routers, it refers to successfully transferred data.
- Wire speed refers to the maximum possible data transfer rate of a physical connection like Ethernet.
- Factors like packet headers, gaps between packets, and protocol overhead mean the theoretical maximum throughput is typically not achievable.
- Tools like speedtest.net aim to measure "real" throughput by accounting for these factors and using techniques like multi-threaded transfers.
- Features in RouterOS like FastPath and FastTrack can help optimize routing performance by reducing unnecessary processing for some traffic.
IP Source Guard (IPSG) helps prevent IP spoofing attacks by dropping any traffic that does not match the bindings in the DHCP Snooping database or configured static IP bindings. IPSG creates ACLs dynamically on each port to block unauthorized traffic. It must be enabled on all access ports along with DHCP Snooping to be effective. Static IP/MAC bindings can also be configured for devices not using DHCP.
How deep is your buffer – Demystifying buffers and application performanceCumulus Networks
Packet buffer memory is among the oldest topics in networking, and yet it never seems to fade in popularity. Starting from the days of buffers sized by the bandwidth delay product to what is now called "buffer bloat", from the days of 10Mbps to 100Gbps, the discussion around how deep should the buffers be never ceases to evoke opinionated responses.
In this webinar we will be joined by JR Rivers, co-founder and CTO of Cumulus Networks, a man who has designed many ultra-successful switching chips, switch products, and compute platforms, to discuss the innards of buffering. This webinar will cover data path theory, tools to evaluate network data path behavior, and the configuration variations that affect application visible outcomes.
This document discusses RPM (Real-time Performance Monitoring) service in Junos. It provides an overview of what RPM is, how it works, advantages and disadvantages of using it, and steps to implement RPM service in Junos. Specifically, it configures an RPM probe to monitor connectivity to an ISP, and uses the results to switch the primary route if the connection is lost.
Getting clocks to agree on the time is tricky. Getting them to agree on the time better than 100 nanoseconds is even trickier.
In this talk I will provide an introduction to the basic principles of the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) and how it can be used to precisely synchronize computers over a LAN.
http://www.nycbug.org/index.cgi?action=view&id=10361
DHCP Snooping allows switches to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks by DHCP spoofing. It trusts only the port connected to the DHCP server, monitors traffic for IP and MAC bindings, and uses this information for other security features. When enabled, DHCP Snooping will only forward DHCP requests to trusted ports and maintain a table of client bindings.
Remote VPNs allow secure access to corporate networks from remote locations by establishing an encrypted tunnel over the Internet. They provide secure communications and access rights tailored to individual users, enhancing productivity by extending corporate networks and applications while reducing costs and increasing flexibility. The example configuration shows a remote client (R1) connecting to a VPN server (R3) using IKE and IPsec to securely access resources on R3's network.
This document provides instructions for setting up and configuring OTV (Overlay Transport Virtualization) in a lab environment to connect two data center sites. The key steps include:
1. Setting up the physical lab topology with two Nexus 7000 switches acting as OTV edge devices in each site, with dedicated VDCs for OTV.
2. Configuring OTV features and licenses on the edge devices, defining the site VLAN and extended VLANs, and configuring join interfaces to connect the devices.
3. Creating overlay interfaces on the edge devices and associating the control and data multicast groups.
4. Verifying the OTV configuration and checking for adjacencies between edge devices
iptables is a user-space utility program that allows a system administrator to configure the tables provided by the Linux kernel firewall (implemented as different Netfilter modules) and the chains and rules it store
TCLSH and Macro Ping Test on Cisco Routers and SwitchesNetProtocol Xpert
TCLSH and macros can be used on Cisco routers and switches to automate pinging multiple IP addresses to check connectivity. TCLSH scripts use a foreach loop to ping each IP address returned from show commands like show ip alias or show ip interface brief. Macros can also be used on switches that do not support TCLSH by creating a macro that executes multiple ping commands in the global configuration. Both methods ping multiple addresses without needing to manually ping each one.
Presentation describing the the use of the PSKmail system for digital communications during disaster conditions. Held by Rein Couperus, PA0R, during the International GAREC2013 Conference in Zurich 27th June .
BSidesROC 2016 - Nick Piazza - Fault Tolerant Command and Control NetworksBSidesROC
The Command & Control (C2) network is the heart of any botnet. If you lose your command and control channel, then your bots are left in the wild with no way to reach them, stuck on their last instruction. In this talk we will explore ways to ensure that your command and control network is tolerant to changes and can adapt to servers being dynamically added to and removed from the network, as well as the organization of bots and how they connect to your C2 infrastructure.
This document outlines the steps to configure HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol) on two multi-layer switches (MLS1 and MLS2) including: configuring IP addresses, EIGRP routing, web server and NTP server, setting MLS1 as the active router, tracking the state of interfaces, using HSRP for load balancing between the routers, and enabling NAT on the border router for internal traffic.
Combined (NullDelhi + OWASPDelhi) Webinar on UDP Hunter by Savan Gadhiya on 10th May, 2020.
For the full video, please visit - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLEL5XrzFyE
This document provides an introduction to migrating to IPv6 and the IPv6 features supported in ProCurve switch software release K.13.01. It discusses dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 operation, connecting to IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling devices, and the IPv6 configuration, management, security, and troubleshooting features supported, including stateless and stateful address assignment, neighbor discovery, and diagnostic tools.
Cisco discovery drs ent module 3 - v.4 in english.igede tirtanata
The document contains questions and answers about networking concepts like VLANs, trunking, VTP, and STP.
Some key points:
- A router can connect VLANs on a switch using a trunk port and subinterfaces for each VLAN.
- VTP is used to maintain VLAN configuration consistency across switches in the same management domain and mode.
- STP elects a root bridge and puts switch ports into blocking, listening, learning, or forwarding states to prevent loops.
IP tables-the linux firewall. This link shows the pdf document that you can download.This is a useful document for the beginners, lays the attention to know more about the topic.
The document discusses securing Cisco routers by hardening configurations based on the NSA Router Security Configuration Guide. It covers topics such as physical security of routers, defining loopback interfaces, banner configuration, blocking SYN flooding attacks using TCP intercept, tuning IP stack parameters like limiting embryonic connections and enabling TCP selective acknowledgment. It also discusses access control measures like basic authentication, AAA authentication using RADIUS/TACACS+, privilege levels, and disabling unused ports and protocols like CDP.
Routers R1 and R2 were configured with OSPF routing and subnets were created for different departments on each router. Router R0 was configured as the central router to connect R1 and R2 along with providing DHCP and DNS services. Ping tests verified connectivity between devices on different subnets routing through the OSPF configured routers.
The document describes configuration labs for various routing protocols and technologies:
- It includes labs for static route configuration, RIP v1/v2, EIGRP, OSPF, route redistribution, switch configuration, VLANs, VTP, STP, and routing between VLANs.
- Frame relay labs cover basic configuration, static maps, routing protocols in Frame Relay networks, point-to-point and multi-point subinterfaces.
- Other labs cover PPP authentication, NAT, ACLs, IPv6, and more. The labs provide instructions to configure the protocols and verify their operation in sample network topologies.
Ripe71 FastNetMon open source DoS / DDoS mitigationPavel Odintsov
This document describes FastNetMon, an open source DDoS mitigation toolkit. It provides concise summaries of network traffic and detects DDoS attacks in real-time. It can block malicious traffic through methods like BGP announcements. FastNetMon supports many Linux distributions and can integrate with hardware/cloud solutions. It detects attacks faster than traditional hardware/service approaches through optimized packet capture using tools like Netmap and PF_RING.
The document discusses various concepts related to understanding router throughput, including:
- Throughput is a measure of how much data a system can process in a given time period. For routers, it refers to successfully transferred data.
- Wire speed refers to the maximum possible data transfer rate of a physical connection like Ethernet.
- Factors like packet headers, gaps between packets, and protocol overhead mean the theoretical maximum throughput is typically not achievable.
- Tools like speedtest.net aim to measure "real" throughput by accounting for these factors and using techniques like multi-threaded transfers.
- Features in RouterOS like FastPath and FastTrack can help optimize routing performance by reducing unnecessary processing for some traffic.
Picobgp - A simple deamon for routing advertisingClaudio Mignanti
Picobgp is a small and easy to use BGP routing software that can automatically setup routing within a VPN or generic network. It allows routing advertisements and topology updates with minimal configuration by command line arguments. Key features include routing advertising, topology updates, and being tiny and easy to use.
It is an open standard, distance vector, classfull routing protocol. Rip version 2 supports classless.
It sends the complete routing table out to all active interfaces every 30 seconds. Rip only uses hop count
to determine the best way to a remote network, but it has a maximum allowable hop count of 15 by
default, meaning that 16 is deemed unreachable. RIP works well in small networks, but it’s inefficient on
large networks with slow WAN links or on networks with a large number of routers installed.
This document provides an overview of configuring the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) in ExtremeXOS. It describes RIP as a distance-vector routing protocol and discusses RIP version 1 and 2. The document outlines the steps to configure RIP, including enabling it on VLANs and globally, and verifies the RIP configuration. It also covers RIP concepts like routing loops, split horizon, poison reverse, and triggered updates. Students will learn how to configure, verify, and test RIP in the accompanying lab guide.
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is an older distance vector routing protocol that is commonly used in small networks. It uses hop count as its metric and sends the entire routing table every 30 seconds. RIP version 2 is backwards compatible with version 1 and supports features like advertising subnet masks, authentication, and triggered updates. RIP is simple to configure but lacks more advanced capabilities of protocols like OSPF and EIGRP.
- The document is a lab report that details an experiment using Telnet to access remote computers.
- The objective was to learn about the Telnet TCP/IP protocol and how to use Telnet to access remote computers.
- The experiment involved setting up a network topology with 3 routers and configuring RIP routing between the routers.
- Telnet configuration was then added to the routers to allow access between them, which was tested by bringing down and up an interface on one router using Telnet.
This document specifies extensions to the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) to carry additional routing information. The extensions include adding fields for authentication, route tagging, subnet masks, next hops, and using IP multicasting. The goal is to make RIP more useful and interoperable while it continues to be widely implemented for small networks.
This document provides instructions for configuring a Cisco router, including:
- Accessing the Cisco IOS command-line interface via console, AUX, or Telnet connections
- Establishing a terminal session and logging into the router
- Navigating the different command modes like global configuration, interface configuration, and entering commands to configure settings like the router name, IP addresses, and enabling protocols
- The importance of copying the running configuration to startup configuration so configurations are preserved after reboots
- Using show commands to examine interface status and configurations
- Resetting the router configuration by erasing the startup configuration file and reloading
The document provides an overview of static and dynamic routing concepts, protocols, and configuration. It discusses static and default routing, as well as dynamic routing protocols including RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, and their characteristics. Troubleshooting commands are also listed to verify routing tables and debug routing issues.
Here are the key steps:
1. Configure RIP as a backup routing protocol on all routers (R0, R1, R2, R3) and redistribute it into EIGRP using the redistribute rip command.
2. Configure EIGRP as the main routing protocol on all routers and include all connected networks in EIGRP using the network command.
3. Verify connectivity by pinging between subnets and checking routing tables to ensure routes are learned through EIGRP and RIP is acting as a backup.
The key points are:
- Use RIP as a backup routing protocol on all routers to prevent loss of connectivity if EIGRP fails
- Configure EIGRP as the main
This document provides an overview of IP routing and the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). It discusses the basic components and functions of routing, including static and dynamic routing. RIP is introduced as a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its metric. Key aspects of RIP covered include route updates every 30 seconds, supporting up to 15 hops, and RIP version 2 allowing for variable length subnet masks. The document also discusses verifying and troubleshooting RIP configurations.
This document provides an overview of IP routing and the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). It discusses the basic components and functions of routing, including static and dynamic routing. RIP is introduced as a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its metric. Key aspects of RIP covered include route updates every 30 seconds, support for up to 16 hops, and RIP version 2 allowing for variable length subnet masks. The document also discusses verifying and troubleshooting RIP configurations.
Www ccnav5 net_ccna_3_v5_0_scaling_networks_final_exam_2013Đồng Quốc Vương
The document provides answers to questions about CCNA 3 v5.0 Scaling Networks exam. It includes questions about commands to upgrade an IOS image, EIGRP configuration and operation, OSPF neighbor states, and STP port roles.
RIP is a distance vector routing protocol that calculates routes based on hop count. The router learns remote networks from neighbor routers using RIP advertisements sent every 30 seconds. The administrator must configure which networks to advertise in RIP using the "network" command under the RIP configuration. Verifying RIP, the "show ip route" command displays the routing table including connected routes and RIP learned routes to remote networks.
2.5.1.2 packet tracer configure cisco routers for syslog, ntp, and ssh oper...Salem Trabelsi
This document provides instructions for configuring NTP, syslog, and SSH services on three routers. It describes configuring the routers as NTP clients to synchronize time with an NTP server, configure logging to a syslog server, and configure SSH on one router to allow secure remote access. The objectives are to configure NTP, syslog, SSH users, RSA key pairs, and verify connectivity over SSH from PCs and other routers.
Similar to Rip 2 docoments version 1.1 by deepak kumar (20)
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
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Rip 2 docoments version 1.1 by deepak kumar
1. RIP (Routing Information Protocol). Document Version 1.1.
Deepak Kumar (deepuverma@outlook.com), Call: - +91 - 8875332931 / 9214012330
Updated material may be found at http://www.deepuverma.in
LinkedIn: - https://in.linkedin.com/in/engdeepak Twitter: - https://twitter.com/Deepakkhw
Today we are covered about RIP Version 2 in real time configuration.
Last time we covered about RIP Basic and RIP Version 1 in details configuration on Cisco Router. Here I
am attached some basic again about RIP and RIP Version 2.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a standardized
Distance Vector protocol (First true Distance Vector), and used on smaller networks. RIP uses the
“Bellman-Ford” Distance Vector algorithm to determine the best “path” to a particular destination. The
maximum number of hops allowed for RIP is 15. This hop limit, however, also limits the size of networks
that RIP can support. A hop count of 16 is considered an infinite distance or poison route, in other
words the route is considered unreachable.
Some Specification of RIP Protocol:
1. AD (Administrator Distance) is 120.
2. RIP sends out periodic routing updates after every 30 seconds with full routing table.
3. RIP uses a form of distance (Hopcount) as it’s metric, maximum hopcount are 15 hops.
4. RIP uses the “Bellman-Ford Distance Vector algorithm”.
5. RIP Utilize UDP Port 520.
6. RIP Support IP and IPX Routing.
7. RIP has two Versions (RIP Version 1 and RIP Version 2). (For IPv6 is RIPng, it’s not a Version of
RIP)
RIP will load balance between those paths (default, up to 4) only if the metric (hopcount) is equal. RIP
uses a round-robin system of load-balancing between equal metric routes, which can lead to pinhole
congestion.
Timers
RIP uses the following timers as part of its operation:
1. Update Timer – Default 30 Seconds.
2. Invalid Timer - Default 180 Seconds, After expires Invalid timer the hop count of the routing
entry will be set to 16, marking the destination as unreachable.
3. Flush Timer – Default 240 Seconds.
2. RIP (Routing Information Protocol). Document Version 1.1.
Deepak Kumar (deepuverma@outlook.com), Call: - +91 - 8875332931 / 9214012330
Updated material may be found at http://www.deepuverma.in
LinkedIn: - https://in.linkedin.com/in/engdeepak Twitter: - https://twitter.com/Deepakkhw
4. Holddown Timer - Default is 180 Seconds (This is Cisco's implementation and can word on only
Cisco Routers)
Limitations
The hop count cannot exceed 15, otherwise it will be considered invalid. Most RIP networks are flat.
There is no concept of areas or boundaries in RIP networks. Variable Length Subnet Masks are not
supported by RIP version 1. RIP has slow convergence and count to infinity problems.
RIP Versions
RIP has two versions, RIPv1 and RIPv2.
RIP Version 1 (RIPv1):
1. RIPv1 is classful, and therefore does not include the subnet mask with its routing table updates.
2. RIPv1 does not support Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs).
3. RIPv1 sends updates as broadcasts to address 255.255.255.255.
4. RIPv1 has maximum hopcount is 15 hops.
5. RIPv1 does not support authentication.
6. RIPv1 routers will send only Version 1 packets.
7. RIPv1 routers will receive both Version 1 and 2 updates.
8. Cisco Routers by default support RIPv1.
RIP Version 2 (RIPv2):
1. RIPv2 is classless, and therefore does include the subnet mask with its routing table updates.
2. RIPv2 fully supports VLSMs.
3. Routing updates are sent via multicast, using address 224.0.0.9
4. Encrypted authentication can be configured between RIPv2 routers
5. Route tagging is supported.
6. RIPv2 routers will both send and receive only Version 2 updates
7. We can control the version of RIP a particular interface will “send” or “receive.”
8. RIPv2 is manually specified on, a Cisco will default to RIPv1 when configuring RIP.
9. User below mention command for change version on Cisco Routers
Router(config)#router rip
Router(config-router)#version 2
3. RIP (Routing Information Protocol). Document Version 1.1.
Deepak Kumar (deepuverma@outlook.com), Call: - +91 - 8875332931 / 9214012330
Updated material may be found at http://www.deepuverma.in
LinkedIn: - https://in.linkedin.com/in/engdeepak Twitter: - https://twitter.com/Deepakkhw
Configuration of RIPv2
As per image, take a network Diagram for testing RIPv1 Configuration.
Let’s Check Router Configuration on R0:-
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
4. RIP (Routing Information Protocol). Document Version 1.1.
Deepak Kumar (deepuverma@outlook.com), Call: - +91 - 8875332931 / 9214012330
Updated material may be found at http://www.deepuverma.in
LinkedIn: - https://in.linkedin.com/in/engdeepak Twitter: - https://twitter.com/Deepakkhw
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.252
!
interface Serial0/0/1
ip address 192.168.3.6 255.255.255.252
!
!
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.2.0
network 192.168.3.0
network 192.168.10.0
no auto-summary
!
Let’s Check Router Configuration on R1:-
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Serial0/0/0
ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.252
clock rate 2000000
!
interface Serial0/0/1
ip address 192.168.3.5 255.255.255.252
clock rate 2000000
5. RIP (Routing Information Protocol). Document Version 1.1.
Deepak Kumar (deepuverma@outlook.com), Call: - +91 - 8875332931 / 9214012330
Updated material may be found at http://www.deepuverma.in
LinkedIn: - https://in.linkedin.com/in/engdeepak Twitter: - https://twitter.com/Deepakkhw
!
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.2.0
network 192.168.3.0
network 192.168.20.0
network 192.168.30.0
no auto-summary
!
Let’s Check Router Configuration on R2:-
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Serial0/0/0
no ip address
clock rate 2000000
shutdown
!
interface Serial0/0/1
no ip address
clock rate 2000000
shutdown
!
!
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.30.0
network 192.168.40.0
no auto-summary
6. RIP (Routing Information Protocol). Document Version 1.1.
Deepak Kumar (deepuverma@outlook.com), Call: - +91 - 8875332931 / 9214012330
Updated material may be found at http://www.deepuverma.in
LinkedIn: - https://in.linkedin.com/in/engdeepak Twitter: - https://twitter.com/Deepakkhw
Project Success:-
1. Project Ping test pass
2. Project Ready to work on Live Network
3. Load Balancing is tested.
Let’s Testing load Balancing: - (Tracert command from Laptop2 to Laptop0)
PC>tracert 192.168.10.2
Tracing route to 192.168.10.2 over a maximum of 30 hops:
1 1 ms 0 ms 1 ms 192.168.40.1
2 1 ms 0 ms 0 ms 192.168.30.1
3 0 ms 2 ms 2 ms 192.168.3.6
4 20 ms 0 ms 1 ms 192.168.10.2
Trace complete.
(Tracert command from Laptop1 to Laptop0)
PC>tracert 192.168.10.2
Tracing route to 192.168.10.2 over a maximum of 30 hops:
1 0 ms 0 ms 1 ms 192.168.20.1
2 1 ms 0 ms 0 ms 192.168.2.1
3 31 ms 0 ms 0 ms 192.168.10.2
Trace complete.
Test RIP Database on Routers
R2#sho ip rip database
192.168.2.0/30 auto-summary
192.168.2.0/30
[1] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet0/0
192.168.3.4/30 auto-summary
192.168.3.4/30
7. RIP (Routing Information Protocol). Document Version 1.1.
Deepak Kumar (deepuverma@outlook.com), Call: - +91 - 8875332931 / 9214012330
Updated material may be found at http://www.deepuverma.in
LinkedIn: - https://in.linkedin.com/in/engdeepak Twitter: - https://twitter.com/Deepakkhw
[1] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet0/0
192.168.10.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.10.0/24
[2] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet0/0
192.168.20.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.20.0/24
[1] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:23, FastEthernet0/0
192.168.30.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.30.0/24 directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
192.168.40.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.40.0/24 directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R2#
R1#sho ip rip database
192.168.2.0/30 auto-summary
192.168.2.0/30 directly connected, Serial0/0/0
192.168.3.4/30 auto-summary
192.168.3.4/30 directly connected, Serial0/0/1
192.168.10.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.10.0/24
[1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:22, Serial0/0/0 [1] via 192.168.3.6, 00:00:22, Serial0/0/1
192.168.20.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.20.0/24 directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
192.168.30.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.30.0/24 directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
192.168.40.0/24 auto-summary
192.168.40.0/24
[1] via 192.168.30.2, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/0
No auto-summary command forces the advertisement of two different subnets from different interfaces
within the same network.
-----------------------------End RIP Document Version 1.1 by Deepak Kumar -----------------------------------
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