Presentation to Richmond upon Thames Drug Misuse Task Group
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The document discusses drug, alcohol, and substance abuse among young people in London and the UK. It notes that drug use results in high costs to the London Ambulance Service and police. While most schools provide drug education once a year or less, proven programs like Life Skills Training that are implemented in US schools have been shown to reduce substance abuse and have a cost benefit ratio of $25 saved for every $1 invested. The document calls for increased funding for early intervention and prevention programs in schools to address substance abuse among youth.
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Chapter 11:
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Chapter 12:
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Section A: State and Community Interventions
I. State and Community Interventions
Justification
The history of successful public health practice
has demonstrated that the active and coordi-
nated involvement of a wide range of societal and
community resources must be the foundation of
sustained solutions to pervasive problems like
tobacco use.1–8 In a review of evidence of popula-
tion-wide tobacco prevention and control efforts,
the Task Force on Community Preventive Ser-
vices confirmed the importance of coordinated
and combined intervention efforts.9 The strongest
evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of many
of the population-wide approaches that are most
highly recommended by the Task Force on Com-
munity Preventive Services comes from studies in
which specific strategies for smoking cessation,
preventing tobacco use initiation, and eliminating
exposure to secondhand smoke are combined with
mass-media campaigns and efforts to mobilize
communities and to integrate these strategies into
synergistic and multicomponent efforts.9
Additionally, research has demonstrated the
importance of community support and involvement
at the grassroots level in implementing several
of the most highly effective policy interventions,
including increasing the unit price of tobacco
products and creating smokefree public and private
environments.3,4,6,10–12 Although knowledge is critical,
communities must reinforce and support health.13
Example program and policy recommendations
from the Task Force on Community Preventive
Services, as well as the Healthy People 2020
policy goals for the nation, are provided in
Appendix B. In addition, recommendations for
tobacco-free living from the National Prevention
Council are provided in Appendix C.
The policies, partnerships, and intervention
activities that occur at the state and community
levels will ultimately lead to social norm
and behavior change nationwide. State and
community coalitions are essential partnerships.
For example, they can keep tobacco issues
before the public, combat the tobacco industry,
enhance community involvement and promote
community buy-in and support, educate policy
makers, and help to inform policy change.
Social norm change influences behavior
indirectly by creating social and legal climates in
which harmful products and conduct become less
desirable, acceptable, and attainable. The health
impact pyramid provides a five-tier framework to
improve health through different types of public
health interventions, with greater improvements
coming from activities focused on policy change
that create a context in which the healthy options
are easy to attain.6 This community intervention
model has now become a core element of statewide
comprehensive tobacco control programs.3,4,10,14–16
Since the establishment of the California
Tobacco Control Program in 1989, California has
achieved an almost 50% decline in the prevalence
of smoking a ...
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Alcohol education - NICE evidence statements
1. Interventions targeting alcohol use are most effective when delivered to both schools and families, especially those focusing on social development. Programs combining these elements can have long-term positive impacts on behaviors like alcohol and drug use.
2. Effective school-based programs include Botvin's LST and others like Project Northland which produce long-term reductions in alcohol use. However, classroom education alone has inconsistent effects.
3. Family-based programs such as Iowa Strengthening Families can significantly reduce alcohol use long-term. Effective family programs target communication and parental monitoring.
LO2
The Young Addictions project in Oxfordshire aims to address alcohol and drug addiction among youth through assessment, treatment, rehabilitation, counseling, and family support services. It was set up by volunteers to provide confidential help to young people struggling with addiction and help their families. The project has benefited the community by providing a way for people to seek advice, and has helped individuals gain confidence and employment through recovering from addiction.
Drug Education and Early Intervention in Nottingham City Schools
The document discusses a drug education and early intervention program called DrugAware in Nottingham City Schools. The goals of the program are to educate young people about drugs and alcohol, provide support and early intervention, and reduce drug use and exclusions. Key aspects of the DrugAware model include a drug education curriculum, policy development support, parent/community engagement, and partnerships to allow for early intervention. Schools that implemented the program saw improvements in students' resilience, knowledge, and attitudes towards drugs, as well as decreases in permanent exclusions related to drugs.
Results Evaluation Mocktails 2015
Grounded in one of the main goals of the 2020 EU Health Strategy "Together for Health" "promote health, prevent disease and encourage support for healthy lifestyles environments," the best practice on prevention and health promotion "MOCKTAILS: memories of a funny evening" is part of a health promotion approach as a precondition for improving the quality of life of individuals through an intelligent collaborative investment in the health of youngster, young and the whole community of the city of Torres Vedras, located at 40km west of Lisbon.
Created by Dianova Portugal in partnership with Municipality of Torres Vedras and in collaboration with 42 partners "MOCKTAILS: memories fun one night" is being held since 2009 on an yearly basis within school and community environments during a week time in May, by focusing on a face-to-face, this strategy of proximity among young students and community environment helps them to "defend themselves" from peer pressure and to be more responsible in leisure times without "risking" the day after.
Our main goal with this collaborative strategy (including the National Agency on Drugs, Police forces, Regional Authorities, Schools, Media, Night Life Owners – Bars, Pubs and Discos -, Sponsors and Media), is to keep pushing forward and broaden up this unique and innovative activity in our country in the area of prevention of risk behaviors associated with alcohol abuse. The Municipality of Torres Vedras has become a benchmark example that other cities have shown interest in following and mobilizing an array of concerned stakeholders that are interested in this collaborative joint-action to promote healthy life styles and generate positive impact. In these past 7 years (2009-2015) we have reached directly 30.973 youngsters, young adults and adults.
Preventingdruguse 2
This document provides an overview of research on preventing drug use among children and adolescents. It discusses risk and protective factors, community prevention planning, core elements of effective prevention programs, and examples of research-based programs. The goal is to help parents, educators, and community leaders implement strategies supported by scientific evidence to address substance use issues. Key points include:
- Risk and protective factors that predict later drug abuse can emerge early in development. The highest risk periods are times of transition, like elementary to middle school.
- Communities can develop research-based prevention plans by assessing local risks, gaining motivation to act, and evaluating current efforts.
- Effective programs address risk and protective factors, promote bonding, teach life
students-mental-health-report-11
The document summarizes a report from the Leicestershire LINk Students in Higher Education Mental Health Task Group. It finds that the number of university students experiencing mental health issues is increasing but support services are struggling to keep up. It observes fragmented care for students and a lack of communication between university support services and external mental health providers. It recommends that care plans for students specifically address their needs and facilitate better liaison between universities and healthcare services.
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This document provides a series of papers on principles of effective drug education in schools. It discusses creating a whole-school approach, using age-appropriate and evidence-based lessons, the responsibilities of teachers and visitors, implementing prevention strategies school-wide, the importance of life skills training programs, engaging parents, and addressing new drugs like "legal highs". The goal is to give schools and educators guidance on best practices for drug education and prevention.
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Drinking 2010
1) Drinking rates among young people in England have declined, with 13% drinking in the last week compared to 26% in 2001, though 1 in 5 drink weekly by age 15.
2) Parents and friends are the main sources of alcohol for young people, while parties have become more common venues for drinking.
3) While most young people see their parents as disapproving of underage drinking, nearly a quarter think it's okay to get drunk weekly by age 15.
Drug use by young people in England in 2010
The survey questioned 7,296 pupils aged 11 to 15 from 246 schools in England about their drug use. Only 0.2% of pupils reported taking the fictional drug "Semeron", supporting the view that most pupils do not exaggerate drug use in surveys. The results also showed rates of cannabis and Class A drug use in the last year, drugs used by age, frequency of drug use, effects of truancy on Class A drug use, being offered drugs, sources of drug education, and receiving drug education that year.
ASB and Possession stats 2011
Drug offences for trafficking and possession have declined over the period from 2004/05 to 2010/11. The number of drug offences recorded by police in England and Wales fell by 21% between 2004/05 and 2010/11. Cautions and convictions for drug offences also decreased substantially over this period.
EU Youth’s Attitudes to Drugs
A survey of over 12,000 15-24 year olds across the EU found that three quarters had never used cannabis, though 57% thought it was easy to obtain within 24 hours. 5% had used new psychoactive substances, mostly gotten from friends. Youth cited the internet and peers as top information sources on drugs. Over 90% saw regular cocaine or ecstasy use as highly risky to health. Over half thought cannabis and alcohol regular use also very risky. Over 90% wanted heroin, cocaine and ecstasy to remain banned.
LSE's PSHE Project
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Eleanor Formby's presentation to the Drug Education Forum about the mapping of PSHE provision in England.
Effective visitors
This document outlines principles for schools and external visitors to follow when delivering drug education programs in partnership. It recommends that visitors be aware of effective drug education strategies, avoid inappropriate content, and reflect on sessions. Schools should negotiate content with visitors, ensure visitors understand school policies, and brief visitors on any student sensitivities. Teachers should be present during sessions, assess learning, and follow up on any issues. The goal is to have a positive experience that links to the school's broader drug education curriculum.
Prevention and reduction - schools
This document summarizes strategies that schools can use to prevent youth crime and antisocial behavior based on international evidence. Effective prevention interventions for individuals work with smaller groups, are delivered by program originators, and use cognitive behavioral techniques for higher risk youth aged 12 or more. Schools can create an environment for prevention through reorganizing grades/classes, altering classroom management, improving school discipline policies, and teaching social skills using cognitive behavioral methods. Interventions that do not work and should be avoided include those focused on coercion/control, boot camps, unstructured counseling or training, and programs that group high-risk students without structure.
Principles of Good Drug Education
The document outlines principles of good drug education based on best practices from several countries. It discusses the importance of having an environment that is responsive to cultural views and evidence-based, a curriculum that is relevant to students' developmental stages and managed given resources, and content that explores attitudes and develops social skills using credible sources. The document also stresses the need for evaluation of programs through assessment, monitoring, and impact evaluation.
Alcohol in Europe
This document from the World Health Organization contains data on alcohol consumption and abstention rates across various European countries. It shows the proportion of former and lifetime abstainers from alcohol by country in Europe. It also includes data on average recorded adult alcohol consumption per capita in liters by country for Europe as well as the UK specifically from 1961-2006. Additionally, it presents age-standardized death rates related to alcohol for those aged 15+ in the UK.
Local authority spending on young people’s substance misuse
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(Sex) Drugs and Alcohol - Catherine Wilburn
This document summarizes a social norms intervention project conducted in Stockton, UK aimed at reducing risky behaviors among youth. Researchers surveyed over 1,600 students aged 11-14 across 8 secondary schools to establish baselines on sex, drugs, and alcohol. They found most students overestimate their peers' risky behaviors. The researchers then designed and distributed personalized posters, stickers, and other materials to each school displaying accurate social norms data. After two years, they resurveyed students and found the intervention effective in further delaying or preventing risky behaviors. The document outlines lessons learned, including ensuring teacher support and constantly refreshing materials to maintain interest.
Truth about Youth - Andi Whitwham
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2) Research aims to study misperceptions around peer behaviors, differences by gender/age/socioeconomics, and effective implementation.
3) Key findings showed that youth overestimate peer involvement in risks but most have positive attitudes and decision making. Feedback affirmed the approach and potential for partnership and commitment.
Introduction to Social Norms - John McAlaney
This document provides an introduction to social norms and the social norms approach to behavior change. It discusses how perceived norms strongly influence individual behavior, especially for young adults. However, people often misperceive norms, overestimating behaviors like substance use among peers. The social norms approach aims to correct these misperceptions to reduce high-risk behaviors. It provides positive messages about the healthy behaviors of the majority rather than focusing on the negative minority. Research shows this approach can decrease substance use and related harms. The social norms approach has been effectively applied to various behaviors and locations.
Young People’s Health in Great Britain and Ireland
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Presentation to Richmond upon Thames Drug Misuse Task Group
- 1. Drugs Alcohol and Young People A presentation for the Richmond upon Thames Drug Misuse Task Group
- 5. Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in London 2006 to 2008
- 6. Mean consumption of alcohol by young people in London who drank in the last week “ After drinking 10-12 units of alcohol, your co-ordination will be seriously impaired, placing you at high risk of having an accident. The high levels of alcohol will have a depressant effect on your body and mind, making you feel drowsy.”
- 8. Budget for Substance Misuse Spending by Children's Services in London in 2009 - 2010 £242,100 Richmond upon Thames report to DCSF
- 9. Drug Education in School
- 20. A final thought
Editor's Notes
- Right time, right place, Alcohol Concern (2010) “highest teenage alcohol-related injuries across Europe” Arrests – 11% = 4691.83 (total arrests = 42,653) Source = Police Powers and Procedures, England and Wales 2008/09 Home Office (2010) 23,528 sought treatment nationally 'Substance Misuse Among Young People: The Data for 2009-10' NTA (2010)
- Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England Findings by region, 2006 to 2008, Information Centre (2010)
- Adult drinking: men in the UK drank 16.3 units of alcohol a week on average in 2009, down from 17.4 in 2008, while women drank eight units a week on average, down from 9.4 in the previous year.
- Source: Tellus 4, DCSF (2010) National average was 9% saying they had taken a drug.
- Source: S251 returns to DfE
- 33% of primary schools use external speakers and 17% use school nurses 54% of secondary schools used a guest speaker and 17% use school nurses
- Education budget cut by 28% over 4 years Source: United Kingdom Drug Situation 2010 Edition, Department of Health (2010)