Local authority spending on young people’s substance misuse
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Local authorities spent money from 2008 to 2011 on substance misuse services for children and young people. However, the data shown only reflects local authority funding and may not include all spending from other sources like primary care trusts. While not a complete picture, the data provides an important benchmark to understand how local authorities have supported substance misuse services for young people over time.
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This document discusses pork barrel spending and minimal government. It outlines the theory behind pork barrel funds and how they are used by legislators for political gain. It then discusses two major spending scams - the pork barrel scam and public debt scam. While the pork barrel scam totaled billions, the interest payments on public debt total hundreds of billions annually. It argues for minimal government and privatization to reduce wasteful spending and debt. The conclusion calls for fiscal responsibility, debt repayment, tax cuts, and reduced reliance on government.
Inflation and the RPI-CPI Wedge
The document discusses the Retail Price Index (RPI) and Consumer Price Index (CPI), the two main inflation measures in the UK. It notes that historically the RPI was used more widely, but the CPI is now used as the inflation target by the Bank of England. The wedge between the RPI and CPI inflation rates has increased in recent years due to differences in their methodologies and components, particularly related to housing. The Office for Budget Responsibility projects the long-term wedge between the two measures to be around 1.0-1.4% going forward based on various fiscal changes.
Indicus Ma Foi Randstad Employment Trends Survey - Wave 1 - 2011
The year 2010 saw major economies registering modest growth and India on a balanced growth path. India story gained primacy at the beginning of 2010, with the changing market scenarios across the world.
The outlook is more or less stable across sectors over the
months. The optimism of early 2010 was further
strengthened due to a positive economic outlook, but the
recent political developments marked with scandals have
made an impact on the overall business confidence, albeit
marginal. Employment generation has remained stable and
upbeat in most of the sectors. However, continuous
inflation, price of raw materials and intermediate industrial
products, scams involving ministers and so on have created
some caution in the minds of entrepreneurs. The
movement of skilled workforce within the sector continued
during the 4th Quarter of 2010. The change in
employment across sectors is given in the table below.
The employment scenario during any specific time period
needs to be viewed from the perspective of various
activities and at several fronts, for a considerable period.
This section has presented the estimated employment
numbers with expectations for different sectors of the
Indian economy. It also lists some of the issues that might
have an impact on the employment scenario, either directly
or indirectly. This will help correlate between the trends
observed regarding employment and economic as well as
political fundamentals.
The BFSI sector is expected to add 116,240
jobs in 2011.
The stable and positive sentiment at the economic front continues
to help the BFSI sector to grow further during the 4th Quarter of
2010. Responses from the BFSI companies indicate that almost
similar condition will prevail during the first two quarters of 2011
as well as for the entire year. The sector is cautiously optimistic
about growth of employment numbers.
The raise of Repo and Reverse Repo rates by RBI on 25th January
2011 has caused an increase of Repo rate by 175 basis points and
Reverse Repo rate by 225 basis points, since March 2010. CRR has
increased by 100 basis points during the same time.
Inflation has remained a cause for concern over the past months
and is expected to continue for a few more months to come.
However, the response to structural causes of inflation needs to be
through reallocation of resources across sectors. Short term
measures like interest rate hikes, though manage to contain
inflation to a moderate level are not strong enough to sustain
growth. .
The recent RBI report on the Micro Finance sector has
recommended several checks to resolve the issues and improve
transparency. However, observations have also been made
regarding the “Recovery Culture” in the financial sector and its
adverse effects on the customers. This is an important observation
made by RBI, in view of the recent measures taken by the Andhra
Pradesh Government to regulate the recovery of loans from the
small borrowers by the MFIs. However, the drive towards financial
inclusion will certainly play a positive role in employment
generation in this sector.
Bank credit to commercial sector is increasing steadily, which is
one of the major driving forces for the banking sector in the
country.
Insurance sector, both life and general, has witnessed a positive
sentiment in the 4th Quarter as compared to the previous ones
and is expected to do better in coming months.
The Education, Training and Consulting sector
is expected to add 107,500 jobs in 2011.
Education sector continued to contribute significantly to the
employment base of the country during the last Quarter of 2010.
The sector is expected to grow at similar rate during the first
couple of Quarters of 2011. However, the expectation regarding
growth for the entire calendar year of 2011 is slightly lower
compared to the first two Quarters of the year.
The regulatory ambiguity still remains the biggest impediment that
holds back the sector’s transformation into one of country’s
largest industry
Today’s Economic Landscape and What’s on the Other Side
SPG Trend Advisors is a boutique consultancy that provides global economic research for business and other decision makers. With fifty years combined experience between the principals, and through its website, SPG Trend Advisors provides insightful analysis and forecasting to prepare senior executives for tomorrows trends.
N a tio n a l Tax J o u rn a l, S e p te m b e r2 0 1 4 , 6 7 .docx
This document analyzes tax increment financing (TIF) debt in the United States between 2000-2013. It finds that TIF debt issuance grew steadily until peaking in 2006, but then declined sharply during and after the Great Recession. Total TIF debt issued was over $37 billion, with about 75% issued before the recession. California was historically the largest issuer of TIF debt but eliminated redevelopment agencies in 2011. The recession significantly limited how local governments structured and sold TIF debt due to constrained capital markets and increased risk aversion by investors.
Financial Condition of the County 2011
- The report analyzes Multnomah County's financial condition over the past 10 years. It found that while operating revenues have increased modestly, they have not kept pace with population growth, resulting in declining per capita spending. Intergovernmental revenues from federal and state governments remain a major funding source for county programs and services. Spending on health and human services has increased due to additional intergovernmental funding, while most other program spending is down. The county has generally maintained strong financial reserves in line with best practices.
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Indicus Ma Foi Randstad Employment Trends Survey - Wave 1 - 2011
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More from Public Health England
DEF briefing papers
This document provides a series of papers on principles of effective drug education in schools. It discusses creating a whole-school approach, using age-appropriate and evidence-based lessons, the responsibilities of teachers and visitors, implementing prevention strategies school-wide, the importance of life skills training programs, engaging parents, and addressing new drugs like "legal highs". The goal is to give schools and educators guidance on best practices for drug education and prevention.
Novel Psychoactive Substances - ACMD report
Some of the key messages about education and prevention from a report on New Psychoactive Substances (sometimes called 'legal highs').
opiate and crack users
The document provides estimates of the number of opiate and/or crack users between the ages of 15-24 years broken down by region. It also includes prevalence rates per thousand of the population for opiate and/or crack use among 15-24 year olds by region. The data presented gives a breakdown of drug use statistics for young people by geographic area.
Drug Misuse Declared
- The document discusses drug use among young adults aged 16-19 in the UK based on surveys from 2010-2011. It finds that while over 40% have used an illicit drug in their lifetime, lifetime and recent drug use among this group is declining.
- Specifically, the surveys found that most 16-19 year olds think cannabis and cocaine use is never acceptable. However, cocaine use among 16-24 year olds has risen 5.5% since 1996 while other drug use has decreased.
- Around 20% of young people used an illicit drug in the last year and 11% in the last month, continuing downward trends compared to 1996. Mephedrone use was similar to cocaine as the second
Drug Deaths in 2010
The document summarizes drug death statistics from England, Wales, and Scotland in 2010. It finds that there were 2,747 drug poisoning deaths in England in 2010, including 1,784 from drug misuse. Scotland saw 485 drug-related deaths, the third highest on record, while 60 young people under 20 died of drug poisoning in England and Wales, with 35 from misuse. The data comes from several sources tracking drug deaths in each region.
Drinking 2010
1) Drinking rates among young people in England have declined, with 13% drinking in the last week compared to 26% in 2001, though 1 in 5 drink weekly by age 15.
2) Parents and friends are the main sources of alcohol for young people, while parties have become more common venues for drinking.
3) While most young people see their parents as disapproving of underage drinking, nearly a quarter think it's okay to get drunk weekly by age 15.
Drug use by young people in England in 2010
The survey questioned 7,296 pupils aged 11 to 15 from 246 schools in England about their drug use. Only 0.2% of pupils reported taking the fictional drug "Semeron", supporting the view that most pupils do not exaggerate drug use in surveys. The results also showed rates of cannabis and Class A drug use in the last year, drugs used by age, frequency of drug use, effects of truancy on Class A drug use, being offered drugs, sources of drug education, and receiving drug education that year.
ASB and Possession stats 2011
Drug offences for trafficking and possession have declined over the period from 2004/05 to 2010/11. The number of drug offences recorded by police in England and Wales fell by 21% between 2004/05 and 2010/11. Cautions and convictions for drug offences also decreased substantially over this period.
EU Youth’s Attitudes to Drugs
A survey of over 12,000 15-24 year olds across the EU found that three quarters had never used cannabis, though 57% thought it was easy to obtain within 24 hours. 5% had used new psychoactive substances, mostly gotten from friends. Youth cited the internet and peers as top information sources on drugs. Over 90% saw regular cocaine or ecstasy use as highly risky to health. Over half thought cannabis and alcohol regular use also very risky. Over 90% wanted heroin, cocaine and ecstasy to remain banned.
Drug Education and Early Intervention in Nottingham City Schools
The document discusses a drug education and early intervention program called DrugAware in Nottingham City Schools. The goals of the program are to educate young people about drugs and alcohol, provide support and early intervention, and reduce drug use and exclusions. Key aspects of the DrugAware model include a drug education curriculum, policy development support, parent/community engagement, and partnerships to allow for early intervention. Schools that implemented the program saw improvements in students' resilience, knowledge, and attitudes towards drugs, as well as decreases in permanent exclusions related to drugs.
LSE's PSHE Project
Dan Hale's presentation to the Drug Education Forum about a project to identify an evidence based PSHE curriculum for secondary schools in the UK
PSHE Mapping Study
Eleanor Formby's presentation to the Drug Education Forum about the mapping of PSHE provision in England.
Effective visitors
This document outlines principles for schools and external visitors to follow when delivering drug education programs in partnership. It recommends that visitors be aware of effective drug education strategies, avoid inappropriate content, and reflect on sessions. Schools should negotiate content with visitors, ensure visitors understand school policies, and brief visitors on any student sensitivities. Teachers should be present during sessions, assess learning, and follow up on any issues. The goal is to have a positive experience that links to the school's broader drug education curriculum.
Prevention and reduction - schools
This document summarizes strategies that schools can use to prevent youth crime and antisocial behavior based on international evidence. Effective prevention interventions for individuals work with smaller groups, are delivered by program originators, and use cognitive behavioral techniques for higher risk youth aged 12 or more. Schools can create an environment for prevention through reorganizing grades/classes, altering classroom management, improving school discipline policies, and teaching social skills using cognitive behavioral methods. Interventions that do not work and should be avoided include those focused on coercion/control, boot camps, unstructured counseling or training, and programs that group high-risk students without structure.
PSHE Review
The government have promised an internal review of Personal, Social, Health and Economic education.
This briefing paper looks at their public statements on the review and sets out some of the things the Drug Education Forum would like to see emerge from the review.
Principles of Good Drug Education
The document outlines principles of good drug education based on best practices from several countries. It discusses the importance of having an environment that is responsive to cultural views and evidence-based, a curriculum that is relevant to students' developmental stages and managed given resources, and content that explores attitudes and develops social skills using credible sources. The document also stresses the need for evaluation of programs through assessment, monitoring, and impact evaluation.
Alcohol in Europe
This document from the World Health Organization contains data on alcohol consumption and abstention rates across various European countries. It shows the proportion of former and lifetime abstainers from alcohol by country in Europe. It also includes data on average recorded adult alcohol consumption per capita in liters by country for Europe as well as the UK specifically from 1961-2006. Additionally, it presents age-standardized death rates related to alcohol for those aged 15+ in the UK.
Presentation to Richmond upon Thames Drug Misuse Task Group
The document discusses drug, alcohol, and substance abuse among young people in London and the UK. It notes that drug use results in high costs to the London Ambulance Service and police. While most schools provide drug education once a year or less, proven programs like Life Skills Training that are implemented in US schools have been shown to reduce substance abuse and have a cost benefit ratio of $25 saved for every $1 invested. The document calls for increased funding for early intervention and prevention programs in schools to address substance abuse among youth.
(Sex) Drugs and Alcohol - Catherine Wilburn
This document summarizes a social norms intervention project conducted in Stockton, UK aimed at reducing risky behaviors among youth. Researchers surveyed over 1,600 students aged 11-14 across 8 secondary schools to establish baselines on sex, drugs, and alcohol. They found most students overestimate their peers' risky behaviors. The researchers then designed and distributed personalized posters, stickers, and other materials to each school displaying accurate social norms data. After two years, they resurveyed students and found the intervention effective in further delaying or preventing risky behaviors. The document outlines lessons learned, including ensuring teacher support and constantly refreshing materials to maintain interest.
Truth about Youth - Andi Whitwham
This document summarizes a research project on social norms and risky behaviors among youth. It discusses:
1) Background on previous social norms interventions from 2007-2010.
2) Research aims to study misperceptions around peer behaviors, differences by gender/age/socioeconomics, and effective implementation.
3) Key findings showed that youth overestimate peer involvement in risks but most have positive attitudes and decision making. Feedback affirmed the approach and potential for partnership and commitment.
More from Public Health England (20)
Drug Education and Early Intervention in Nottingham City Schools
Drug Education and Early Intervention in Nottingham City Schools
Presentation to Richmond upon Thames Drug Misuse Task Group
Presentation to Richmond upon Thames Drug Misuse Task Group
Local authority spending on young people’s substance misuse
- 1. Local Authority spending on young people’s substance misuse
- 3. Spending on Substance Misuse Services for Young People by Sector in 2008-09