Ecocriticism analyzes literature from an interdisciplinary perspective to understand how it portrays nature and the environment. It also considers how literature can help address the modern environmental crisis through proposing solutions. Environmentalism grew in the late 20th century in response to increasing environmental damage. In the late 1980s, scientists began warning of climate change caused by rising carbon dioxide levels, which could lead to flooding, desertification, famine and conflicts over resources. Events like Chernobyl helped increase environmental awareness.

2. Ecocriticism is the study of literature
and environment from an
interdisciplinary point of view where
literature scholars analyze the
environment and brainstorm possible
solutions for the correction of the
contemporary environmental situation
and examine the various ways
literature treats the subject of nature.

3.  Environmentalism began to take place in the second
half of the twentieth century, in response to how
dangerous environmental damage had become. This
movement partly grew out of traditions of enthusiasm
for wild nature.
 In the late 1980s, reports began to appear of concern
among scientists about climate changes thought to be
occurring due to the increase of carbon dioxide in the
earth’s atmosphere.
 Possible consequences are flooding, desertification,
famine, eco-wars over diminishing resources.
 There are few single events large enough to shock the
world into action and those are such as the Chernobyl
nuclear power station disaster.

6. • Ecology is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among
organisms and their environment, such as the interactions
organisms have with each other and with the environment.

7. • An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and
microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their
environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a
system.
• There are different kinds of ecosystems such as the forest, wetland and
desert land
• Each local ecosystem is in a way large and together form a global
ecosystem called ecosphere or biosphere

8. • The niche within the ecosystem is the ‘space’ a species
occupies.
• The startling fall in numbers of house sparrows in London, for
example, due to factors not identified, indicates that this bird’s
local niche is disappearing.

9. • Food chain is an important concept for ecologists investigating
pollution, because of effects such as biomagnification, in which
some poisons become more concentrated as they pass up the
food chain.
• Due to this, it is not always the ‘man’ at the top of the food chain
is affected but the infant is.

11. • Deep Ecology proposes drastic changes in our habits of consumption.
• ‘Everything is linked to everything else, and, most importantly, the human
mind must be linked to the natural environment.’
~ The Excursion – William Wordsworth