Rfid in health care
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RFID in healthcare can provide benefits like inventory control, equipment tracking, and ensuring correct patient medications. However, there are also challenges like high implementation costs and potential interference with medical devices. Standards organizations have developed RFID standards for healthcare to ensure interoperability and address privacy concerns. When implementing RFID in healthcare, best practices include careful planning, purchasing readers suitable for the environment, installing equipment properly, maintaining the system, and providing training to address changes to workflows and policies. Case studies show RFID can improve patient safety, care quality, and organizational performance.
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Rfid in health care
- 1. RFID IN HEALTH CARE HEMAPRIYADHARSHINI SAMPATH KUAMR
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Healthcare is considered one of the fastest growing business and largest service industries in the world. • To cope with this expansion, the healthcare industry must change its traditional operations and deploy a new information system to manage unpredictable processes and supply accurate responses in time.
- 3. ISSUES IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY According to Larson (2013), the major issues in healthcare industry are • Balancing care, quality and efficiency • Improving access to patient care • Inventory management • Drug administration • Medical errors • Lack of efficient business process management (Ma, 2012) • Lack of visibility in real-time location (Ma, 2012)
- 6. RFID BENEFITS IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY • Inventory control • Equipment tracking • Out-of-bed detection • Ensuring that patients receive the correct medications and medical devices • Preventing the distribution of counterfeit drugs and medical devices • Monitoring patients • Providing data for electronic medical records systems and • Reducing medical errors
- 7. RFID CONSTRAINTS IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY • High implementation cost – ROI is high • Electro Magnetic Interference with medical devices such as pace maker – RFID standards available • Difficulty in reading tags amidst of liquids and metals • RFID reader will read all tags within the range • Lack of organization support
- 8. RFID HEALTHCARE SOLUTION PROVIDERS RFID Solution Provider Key Capability Offerings Alvin RFID and Wireless Software Platform for Healthcare New generation patient / object / asset identification and tracking solution Cisco Location-Aware Healthcare Solution Ekahau WiFi, uses asset and personnel tags, open API to connect to existing infrastructure, statistical signal strength monitoring GE Healthcare WiFi/UWB/infrared hybrid RFID system
- 9. NEED FOR RFID STANDARDS • To ensure RFID interoperability, regardless of vendor or user (Impinj, n.d) • To solve the trade-off between location privacy and scalability in healthcare environments (Picazo-Sanchez, P., Bagheri, N., & Peris-Lopez, P., 2013) • To improve patient safety and data privacy (EPCglobal, 2005)
- 10. RFID STANDARDS IN HEALTHCARE • ISO/IEC 18000 standards - automatic identification and item management (Violino, 2005, p. 2) • 18000–1: Generic parameters for air interfaces for globally accepted frequencies • 18000–2: Air interface for 130 KHz • 18000–3: Air interface for 13.56 MHz • 18000–4: Air interface for 2.45 GHz • 18000–5: Air interface for 5.8 GHz • 18000–6: Air interface for 860 MHz to 930 MHz
- 11. RFID STANDARDS IN HEALTHCARE • Electronic Product Code standards (EPC) - in tracking and locating healthcare products (Turner, 2003; Violino, 2005). Ex: mass serialization, medication scheduling, and enhanced inventory management • EPCglobal has developed Auto-ID center that creates its own ultra-high frequency (UHF) air interface protocol for tracking merchandises through global supply chain (Turner, 2003; Violino, 2005). • Since it created Chaos in RFID industry, it developed second-generation protocol (Gen 2) to create a single, global standard that resembles ISO standards (Roberti, 2004). • This enabled RFID vendors to work on both ISO UHF and Gen 2 protocols (Violino, 2005)
- 12. RFID STANDARDS IN HEALTHCARE • The HIBC is an alphanumeric identification system specifies details such as item identification, patient information and medical device information (Connor, 2009; Health Industry Business Communications Council, 2007). • ANSI/HIBC 4.0 - guidelines for deploying RFID passive tags in hospitals (Connor, 2009) • ANSI/HIBC 4.0 recommends that 13.56 MHz high frequency (HF) RFID tags can be implemented in hospitals for product level tagging in order to reduce significant intrusions with medical equipment’s (RFID update, 2009).
- 13. SECURITY CONCERNS • No authentication - No friend/foe distinction • No encryption - Eavesdropping possible • Illicit usage - Risk to patient location privacy and hospital security • RFID Skimming - digital theft, read and duplicate data from RFID based smart cards Solution: HIPPA is an act that establishes the privacy, security and electronic transaction standards with regard to patient health information for all covered entities (HIPAA, 1996; Volonino & Robinson, 2003).
- 14. BEST PRACTICES - PLANNING • Plan RFID solutions based on hospital requirements • Be sure on what data needs to be stored. Ex: Patient record, drug information • Make sure data interpretation and analytics provide information people can act on • Consider how the change will be affected by physical elements • Always be inquisitive about 5Ws – Who, What, When, Where, Why
- 15. BEST PRACTICES - PURCHASING • Do you need non-line-of-site reading? • What are the required read ranges? • Do you need serialization for each item? • Will the item be traveling or fixed when read? How fast will it be moving? • Does the item contain metal in its construction? • Will your application use fixed or mobile readers?
- 16. BEST PRACTICES - INSTALLING • Solid base to avoid accidental bumping • Antenna placement and positioning ability • Fabrication & Manufacturing – professional grade • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUH3_gLMV1M
- 17. BEST PRACTICE - SYSTEM MAINTENANCE • Replace active RFID tags – every 2-3 years • Backup patient data • Keep track of equipment repair or service • Employ RFID based maintenance management system
- 18. HUMAN AND PROCESS CHANGES • Operational – Reduces patient wait and staff overload • Clinical – Improves patients clinical and nursing quality of care • Economical – Total hospital profit, ROI
- 19. CHANGES IN ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES • Mandatory wear of RFID ID’s • Mandatory drug administration policies • Authorized and un-authorized users of RFID technology • Track location limitations
- 20. TRAINING REQUIREMENTS Different levels of training of hospital personnel will be required based on the degree of interaction with the RFID system • Staff – ID card • Nurses – How to handle RFID readers • Radiology – RFID & EMI exposure level • Doctors – Infection control • Hospital – Track patient flow, doctors, nurses efficiency
- 21. IMPLEMENTATION IMPACT Case studies: • Improved injection safety - Using a handheld reader with RFID tags in patient wristbands, drugs are matched with prescription information in electronic medical records in Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo • Infection control - RFID tags deployed to patients and staff is to trace people who come into contact with patients with a contagious potentially dangerous infection such as TB using RFID scanners - Texas Health Harris Methodist Hospital, US Overall, • Improved patient care • Improved patient safety and security • Improved organizational performance
- 22. SUMMARY • RFID in healthcare • Advantages & Disadvantages • RFID healthcare solution providers • RFID standards • Security concerns • Best practices – Planning, purchasing, installing, system maintenance • Human & process changes • Changes in organizational policies • Training requirements • Implementation impact