This document presents a major research project on network topologies submitted by Mr. Vimal Sharma and Abhishek Sikarwar. It defines network topology as the configuration of computers and peripherals to form networks. It then discusses the main types of network topologies - bus, star, ring, tree, and mesh - and provides examples and comparisons of their advantages and disadvantages. The document concludes that while network topologies differ in various settings, they each have benefits and limitations, and a server problem could cause network-wide failure.
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Network topology is the arrangement of the elements of a communication network. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, industrial fieldbuses and computer networks.
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Geometric representation of how the computers are connected to each other is known as topology. There are five types of topology – Mesh, Star, Bus, Ring and Hybrid.
Computer Network Topology By Team_Community Connectors (Dept . of Sociology)Suman Mia
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements of a communication network. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, industrial fieldbuses and computer networks.
Network topology (Details Descriptions with Examples)Abdullah Moin
Geometric representation of how the computers are connected to each other is known as topology. There are five types of topology – Mesh, Star, Bus, Ring and Hybrid.
Computer Network Topology By Team_Societal Explorers (Dept . of Sociology)Suman Mia
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements of a communication network. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, industrial fieldbusses and computer networks.
Network topology is the digital blueprint of connectivity, sculpting the pathways of communication in a myriad of configurations. It dictates how devices are interconnected, shaping the flow of data in networks large and small. From the intricate mesh of the internet to the simplicity of a star network, each arrangement offers its own blend of efficiency, resilience, and scalability. Join me as we delve into the fascinating world of network topology, where the structure of connections paints a picture of digital interconnectedness.
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# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
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### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
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4. Que: what is network topology?
Ans: It refers to the way computers and peripherals
are configured to form networks is called network
topology.
Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
5. TYPES OF TOPOLOGY
TOPOLOGY
BUS
TOPOLOGY
STAR
TOPOLOGY
RING
TOPOLOGY
TREE
TOPOLOGY
MESH
TOPOLOGY
Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
HYBRID
TOPOLOGY
6. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
Network Topology (or layout) – refers to the way computers
and peripherals are configured to form networks
Bus topology – all computers are linked by a single line of
cable
Star topology – multiple computers and peripheral
devices are linked to a central computer, called a host
Ring topology – each computer or workstation is
connected to two other computers, with the entire
network forming a circle
Tree Topology – A root node is connected to two or more
sublevel nodes.
Hybrid Topology
Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
combine network layout types to meet
their needs.
7. Bus Topology
All devices are connected to a central cable,
called the bus or backbone.
There are terminators at each end of the bus
that stops the signal and keeps it from traveling
backwards.
s c c
T T
c c c
Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
8. Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
Advantages Disadvantages
Cheap and easy to implement Network disruption when computers are
added or removed
Require less cable A break in the cable will prevent all
systems from accessing the network.
Does not use any specialized network
equipment.
Difficult to troubleshoot.
9. Star Topology
All devices are connected to a central hub.
Nodes communicate across the network by
passing data through the hub or switch
c
c c
c
C
S
Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
10. Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
Advantages Disadvantages
Easily expanded without disruption to
the network
Requires more cable
Cable failure affects only a single user A central connecting device allows for a
single point of failure
Easy to troubleshoot and isolate
problems
More difficult to implement
11. Ring Topology
• All devices are connected to one another in the
shape of a closed loop.
• Each device is connected directly to two other
devices, one on either side of it.
C
S
C
C
C
C
Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
12. Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
Advantages Disadvantages
Cable faults are easily located, making
troubleshooting easier
Expansion to the network can cause
network disruption
Ring networks are moderately easy to
install
A single break in the cable can disrupt the
entire network.
13. MESH TOPOLOGY
Each computer connects to every other.
High level of redundancy.
Rarely used.
S
C
C
C
Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
14. Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
Advantages Disadvantages
Provides redundant paths between
devices
Requires more cable than the other LAN
topologies
The network can be expanded without
disruption to current uses
Complicated implementation
15. TREE TOPOLOGY
Alternative referred to as a star bus topology.
Tree topology is one of the most topology and a star
tropology.
A tree topology connect multiple star network . Below is a
visual example of a simple computer setup on a network
using star topology.
S
C
C
C
C
C
C C
C C C
Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
16. Advantages Disadvantages
The addition of secondary hub is
easy.
It allows the network to isolate and
prioritize communication between
different computers.
Time sensitive data will not have to
wait for access to the network.
Increase the distance of the
Signals.
Repeating strengthens transmissions
The whole connection is depend
upon hub , if hub stop its working
than the whole network stop
the work.
Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
17. HYBRID TOPOLOGY
Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
Hybrid Topologies use a combination of any two or more
topologies in such a way that the resulting network does not
exhibit one of the standard topologies.
18. Advantages Disadvantages
It is easy to fault detection and
Troubleshooting.
It is easy to increase size of
network without disturbing existing
Architecture.
It is designed according to the
requirement of organization.
It is not easy to design this type
of architecture.
The hubs used in this topology is
very costly.
The infrastructure of this is costly
They require lot of cable and
cooling systems.
Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
19. Conclusion
The Network of Topology differs from place to place. But,
however, all of them have their advantages & disadvantages. If
the server problem occurs or server gets down, then Topology
faces its failure.
Presented by: Vimal
and Abhishek
PIMG
