The document summarizes several major intellectual and cultural revolutions that occurred between the medieval period and the Enlightenment: 1) The Renaissance saw a rebirth of Greco-Roman learning and the emergence of humanism, emphasizing individualism in art, culture, and religion. 2) The Reformation involved the rise of dissenting Christian sects and a shift toward personal relationships with God rather than through the Catholic Church. 3) The Scientific Revolution established the scientific method of empirical observation and experimentation, viewing the universe through mathematics rather than religion.