The Reformation was caused by several factors, including the revolutionary ideas of the Renaissance which spread due to the printing press. The Roman Catholic Church levied heavy taxes and sold indulgences, a certificate of pardon for sins. Meanwhile, strong rulers defied the Pope's authority and nation states emerged with common ties of territory, history and culture.

2. REFORMATION

3. Causes for the Reformation

4. Renaissance
*Revolutionary ideas of
humanism,rationalism,
scientific spirit and the spirit
of inquiry.

5. The invention of the printing
press helped to spread the
ideas of the Renaissance
thinkers quickly.

9. Evil Practices of the Roman
Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic Church
levied taxes such as tithe and
Peter's Pence.

12. Sale of Indulgence-A
certificate of pardon by
God for their sins.

14. Rise of Strong Rulers
The rulers defied the authority of
the Pope and refused to let him
interfere in the administration.

16. Nation States
Nation States refers to the rise of
strong and independent countries,
had a common territory, with a well -
defined boundary and whose people
were bound by common ties of
territory, history, language and
culture.