1. Recap:
What causes revolutions?

2. French Revolution
• Why? absolutism, hunger, debts and philosophers
• Who? King Louis XVI & “Madame Deficit”, USA!,
Robespierre, peasants & middle class

3. French Rev.: Effects/Significance
• new form of gov. (temporarily)
• ends feudalism; people gain rights
• bloodshed! Great Fear and Reign of Terror
• serves as an example for other nations
• changes balance of power in Europe

4. Mexican Revolution 1910-20
• Why? Dictator Diaz and land
• Who? Madero, Zapata, andVilla
• “tierra y libertad”

5. Effects/Significance
• big move towards democracy
• rights for the masses
• land reform
• change in relationship w/ the United States

6. • Why? “Peace, Land and Bread”
• Who? Nicholas II, Bolsheviks, Lenin, and Stalin
Russian Revolution

7. Effects/Significance
• Communism
• five year plans
• WW II
• Cold War

8. Chinese Revolutions
• Why? emperor, nationalism, lack of land
ownership, and concentration of wealth
• Who? SunYat-sen, Mao Zedong, Red Guard, and
peasants

9. Effects/Significance
• communism!
• socioeconomic reforms
• Great Leap Forward
• Cultural Revolution
• Korean War
• death of millions!!!

10. Indian Revolution
• Why? British imperialism and desire to protect
culture and resources
• Who? Gandhi, Nehru and the Indian National
Congress

11. Effects/Significance
• Beginning of the end of British Imperialism
• India regains independence
• leads to the creation of Pakistan & Bangladesh

12. Cuban Revolution
• Why? Dictator Fulgencio Batista and the U.S. gov.
• HUGE gap between the rich and poor
• Who? Fidel Castro, Ernesto “Che” Guevara and
peasants

13. Effect/Significance
• Communism
• fear of ”another Cuba”
• revolutionary icons
• C.I.A. operations
• Cuban Missile Crisis!

14. South Africa
• Cause: apartheid, self-rule, individual political
and economic rights, int’l pressure
• Who? Nelson Mandela, ANC, F.W. deKlerk
• violent and nonviolent protests

15. Effects/Significance
• End of the legacy of imperialism in S.Africa
• everyone can vote!
• equality!
• Nobel Peace Prizes
• no retribution

16. What Causes Revolutions?
• land (Russia, Mexico, Cuba, France)
• hunger (Russia, China, Mexico, France)
• end of dictators/monarchy (Russia, Cuba, China,
Mexico, France)
• self rule/determination (Cuba, India, S.Africa)
• ideology (Russia, China, Cuba, France, S.Africa)
• desire for peace (Russia)