This document provides guidance on developing successful research proposals. It outlines critical components of proposals such as clearly articulating a doable project, stating clear research questions and hypotheses, making a strong argument for why the work is important and builds on previous research, and demonstrating a plan for implementation. It also notes the importance of establishing a track record through preliminary data, publications, and pilot projects. The document reviews common criteria used to evaluate proposals, such as intellectual merit and broader impacts. It recommends writing proposals as persuasive essays that clearly explain what work will be done, why it is important, how it will be conducted, and why the applicant is well-qualified. Developing a draft proposal and getting peer feedback is suggested as part of the process