The document summarizes mining activity and exploration in Finland in 2016. It finds that mining investments increased 54% to 242 million euros in 2016. Drilling increased 37% to 178 km and 41 companies submitted exploration reports. The permit backlog for exploration is increasing and the Mining Authority plans to hire more people to handle permits. Finland ranked first in Europe and fifth globally on the Fraser Institute's attractiveness index for mining investment due to its strong mineral potential, transparent legal system and permitting process, and competitive taxation regime.

2. 31.3.2017 2
Review of mining
authority on exploration
and mining industry in
Finland in 2016
Terho Liikamaa
Head of Unit, Mining Authority
9.5.2017, Rovaniemi

3. 31.3.2017 Terho Liikamaa 3
Operating environment of mining in Finland 2016
EXPLORATION
• Fraser Institute Annual – Survey of Mining Companies 2016;
– Investment Attractiveness Index – Finland 5th globally – Finland 1st in Europe;
– Finland has ranked consistently in the top 10 in the last five surveys.
• Drilling grew by 37% in 2016 to 178 km/year.
• 2016 saw 41 companies submit exploration reports to Tukes. Companies forecast strong
growth in 2017.
MINING ACTIVITY
• Total mining investments for 2016 was 242 million euros. The increase was 54%.
• 20 companies submitted excavation reports
• The total excavation of mines grew by 31% to 117 million tons.
• The three biggest mines were Kevitsa, Siilinjärvi and Talvivaara.
• No new mines are under construction and expansions also are minor.
PERMIT PROCESSING
• THE PERMIT BACKLOG FOR EXPLORATION IS INCREASING. THE MINING AUTHORITY WILL
RECRUIT MORE PEOPLE FOR THE PERMIT HANDLING PROCESS.

4. 31.3.2017 Maria Kivi, Terho Liikamaa 4
Mining activity 2008-2016
2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008
Number of mines
(REPORTED
EXCAVATION)
42 45 40 46 50 52 51 47 45
Mine investments
(million €)
242 M€.
(+54%)
157 190 200 320 555 297 150 578
Excavation of ore
(million tons)
43.7 Mt
(+33%)
32.9 29.5 36.5 34.8 33.2 33.9 24.1 22.2
Total excavation
(million tons)
117.2 Mt
(+31%)
89.2 74.8 79.4 68.4 72.0 71.5 55.4 38.8

5. 31.3.2017 Maria Kivi, Terho Liikamaa
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Total excavation (million tons) of mines in
Finland 2001-2016

6. 31.3.2017 Maria Kivi, Terho Liikamaa 6
Excavation (million tons) for ore in 1950-2016

7. 31.3.2017 Ilkka Keskitalo, Terho Liikamaa
Exploration in Finland 2007-2016 (31.12.2016)
2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 200
7
Exploration
(million €)
41
+19%
34.5
(-12%)
39.1
(-26%)
52.8
(-40%)
86.8 81.0 60.8 50.5 60.1 54.3
No. of prospectors 41 42 41 38 45 52 49 42 45 38
No. of reservation notifications
No. of exploration applications
68
98
50
70
61
120
64
125
197
250
178 138 123 98 160
Area of claims/exploration
(km2)
1700 1930 1850 1400 1310 1080 890 960 1100
Area of exploration applications
(km2)
2160 1980 3900 5450 8210 4620 2700
Drilling (kilometres)
• Grassroot
• Greenfield
• Brownfield
178
+37%
•20
•57
•101
130
• 23
• 51
• 56
142
• 26
• 46
• 70
179
-51%
• 32
• 51
• 95
366
• 36
• 103
• 227
369 363 271 340 223

8. 31.3.2017 Ilkka Keskitalo, Terho Liikamaa 8
Investments in ore prospecting 1995-2016
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Global Finland
million eurosmillion $

9. Thanks to

14. Sakatti

16. 2.5.2017 16
Permit applications in process 7/2011 - 5/2017
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
7/11 1/12 7/12 1/13 7/13 1/14 7/14 1/15 7/15 1/16 7/16 1/17 4/17
Malminetsintä (Exploration) Kaivokset (Mining) Kullanhuuhdonta (Gold panning)

17. 9.5.2017 17
Employees in the mining unit of Tukes
ROVANIEMI (9), HELSINKI (2)
ADMINISTRATION
• Terho Liikamaa, Head of Unit, M.S., process engineering
• Tuula Sääskilahti, Lawyer
• Jussi Hytönen, Technical expert, map service (M.S.) (in Helsinki)
Mining permits (2)
• Ossi Leinonen, PhD, mine technique, geology
• Maria Kivi, M.S, geology (in Helsinki)
Exploration permits (4)
• Ilkka Keskitalo, Master of Natural Resources
• Heikki Puhakka, Engineer of HPAC, energy
• Maija Viikinen, M.S, Biophysics
• Esa Tuominen, (permit processor, geologist)
Gold panning permit (1)
• Pasi Molkoselkä, Master of Natural Resources
• Katja Palo, Engineer of land survey

18. 21
Processing times of permit (an estimate to the new
application)
Permit (Mining Act) Days
Reservation notification 20
Exploration permit in forest land 120
Exploration permit in nature protection area 365
Exploration permit in Sami Homeland 730
Mining permit (EIA is not demanded) 90
Mining permit (EIA is demanded) 180
Gold panning permit in Sami Homeland 365

19. Investment Attractiveness Index 5
Policy Perception Index 4
Best Practices Mineral Potential Index 12
Geological database 15
Legal system 7
Taxation Regime 5
Uncertaintly Concerning Protected Areas 67
Uncertainty Concerning Environmental Regulations 49
Fraser Institute Annual – Survey of Mining Companies 2016 –
FINLAND number one in Europe
Canadian provinces performed better than their international counterparts for approving exploratory
permits, but a number of states in the U.S. and Australia, as well as Finland and Sweden tended
to offer more transparency in the permitting process, and explorers in these jurisdictions had
more confidence than those in Canada that they would receive their necessary permits. “Time
is money, and if permit approval times are unnecessarily long or lack transparency,
confidence plummets, overall costs increase and investors will take their money
elsewhere,” said Taylor Jackson, a senior policy analyst with the Fraser Institute and co-author of
the two studies with Green.