The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Post insertion problems in complete dentures Rohan Bhoil
Post insertion problems in complete dentures can arise from inaccuracies during the denture construction process. Common complaints include loose dentures, discomfort, poor appearance, and speech problems. Loose dentures may be caused by decreased retention forces or increased displacing forces, and can be addressed by relining or remaking the dentures to improve the fit. Discomfort issues like pain can stem from occlusal errors or poor border extensions, and may be resolved through adjustments like selective grinding. Appearance complaints regarding tooth visibility or lip creasing could require remaking the dentures to correct.
This document discusses different methods of dental age assessment, including Nolla's method. It describes the typical eruption sequence of primary and permanent teeth. It then outlines the characteristics used to determine dental age from ages 6 to 15 based on Nolla's stages of tooth formation and eruption. Key stages include eruption of the first molars at age 6, maxillary lateral incisors at age 8, and mandibular canines and premolars at age 11. Variations and the significance of dental age assessment are also discussed.
This document provides information on various materials used for obturation in primary teeth pulpectomy procedures. It discusses the properties, advantages and disadvantages of commonly used materials like zinc oxide eugenol, iodoform-based pastes (Walcoff paste, KRI paste, Maisto paste), Vitapex, and calcium hydroxide mixtures. It summarizes studies comparing the success rates, resorption rates, and antibacterial effects of these materials. The goal of obturation is to disinfect the root canal system and create an effective seal, while using a material that will resorb at a rate similar to root resorption in primary teeth. No single material meets all ideal criteria.
The double cord technique involves placing a small diameter cord in the gingival sulcus first, leaving it in place, and then packing a larger diameter cord over the first cord to provide additional retraction and hemostasis for making impressions of multiple prepared teeth or when the gingival tissues are compromised. The small inner cord provides retraction while the outer cord provides additional hemostasis and tissue displacement needed for accurate impressions.
The document discusses various aspects of pontic design for fixed dental prostheses. It defines a pontic as an artificial tooth that replaces a missing natural tooth. Ideal requirements for pontics include smooth surfaces, easy cleanability, minimal pressure on the ridge, and no irritation to tissues. Factors such as biologic considerations, oral hygiene, occlusion, esthetics, and materials must be considered in pontic design. Common types of pontics include sanitary, modified sanitary, ridge lap, ovate, and others. Proper pretreatment assessment and fabrication techniques help ensure successful pontic design.
a brief description of the various diagnostic methods used to classify deep bite and open bite and various treatment modalities used at various stages of it.
The document summarizes theories of orthodontic tooth movement including the pressure-tension theory and bone-bending theory. It discusses how application of orthodontic forces leads to remodeling changes in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone through pressure and tension sites. Key signaling molecules that mediate the biological response to orthodontic forces are also summarized, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and growth factors that regulate bone resorption and formation during tooth movement.
Surveyor and technique of Surveying in Removable partial dentureFarah Fahad
The document discusses surveying in removable partial dentures. It provides information on the history and development of dental surveyors. Key aspects covered include:
- The purpose of surveying is to determine the path of insertion, guiding planes, and contours for the design of removable partial dentures.
- Early instruments included paralleling devices and the first dental surveyors developed in the 1910s-1920s.
- Modern surveyors consist of a level platform, vertical arm, and interchangeable surveying tools to assess contours, undercuts, and plan the path of insertion.
- Surveying involves an initial assessment, analysis of retention and interference, and final survey to determine the survey lines and design of clasps
Post insertion problems in complete dentures Rohan Bhoil
Post insertion problems in complete dentures can arise from inaccuracies during the denture construction process. Common complaints include loose dentures, discomfort, poor appearance, and speech problems. Loose dentures may be caused by decreased retention forces or increased displacing forces, and can be addressed by relining or remaking the dentures to improve the fit. Discomfort issues like pain can stem from occlusal errors or poor border extensions, and may be resolved through adjustments like selective grinding. Appearance complaints regarding tooth visibility or lip creasing could require remaking the dentures to correct.
This document discusses different methods of dental age assessment, including Nolla's method. It describes the typical eruption sequence of primary and permanent teeth. It then outlines the characteristics used to determine dental age from ages 6 to 15 based on Nolla's stages of tooth formation and eruption. Key stages include eruption of the first molars at age 6, maxillary lateral incisors at age 8, and mandibular canines and premolars at age 11. Variations and the significance of dental age assessment are also discussed.
This document provides information on various materials used for obturation in primary teeth pulpectomy procedures. It discusses the properties, advantages and disadvantages of commonly used materials like zinc oxide eugenol, iodoform-based pastes (Walcoff paste, KRI paste, Maisto paste), Vitapex, and calcium hydroxide mixtures. It summarizes studies comparing the success rates, resorption rates, and antibacterial effects of these materials. The goal of obturation is to disinfect the root canal system and create an effective seal, while using a material that will resorb at a rate similar to root resorption in primary teeth. No single material meets all ideal criteria.
The double cord technique involves placing a small diameter cord in the gingival sulcus first, leaving it in place, and then packing a larger diameter cord over the first cord to provide additional retraction and hemostasis for making impressions of multiple prepared teeth or when the gingival tissues are compromised. The small inner cord provides retraction while the outer cord provides additional hemostasis and tissue displacement needed for accurate impressions.
The document discusses various aspects of pontic design for fixed dental prostheses. It defines a pontic as an artificial tooth that replaces a missing natural tooth. Ideal requirements for pontics include smooth surfaces, easy cleanability, minimal pressure on the ridge, and no irritation to tissues. Factors such as biologic considerations, oral hygiene, occlusion, esthetics, and materials must be considered in pontic design. Common types of pontics include sanitary, modified sanitary, ridge lap, ovate, and others. Proper pretreatment assessment and fabrication techniques help ensure successful pontic design.
a brief description of the various diagnostic methods used to classify deep bite and open bite and various treatment modalities used at various stages of it.
The document summarizes theories of orthodontic tooth movement including the pressure-tension theory and bone-bending theory. It discusses how application of orthodontic forces leads to remodeling changes in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone through pressure and tension sites. Key signaling molecules that mediate the biological response to orthodontic forces are also summarized, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and growth factors that regulate bone resorption and formation during tooth movement.
Surveyor and technique of Surveying in Removable partial dentureFarah Fahad
The document discusses surveying in removable partial dentures. It provides information on the history and development of dental surveyors. Key aspects covered include:
- The purpose of surveying is to determine the path of insertion, guiding planes, and contours for the design of removable partial dentures.
- Early instruments included paralleling devices and the first dental surveyors developed in the 1910s-1920s.
- Modern surveyors consist of a level platform, vertical arm, and interchangeable surveying tools to assess contours, undercuts, and plan the path of insertion.
- Surveying involves an initial assessment, analysis of retention and interference, and final survey to determine the survey lines and design of clasps
Children are a very special risk group for caries initiation and progression because of continuously changing eruption periods and therefore they need professional care.
It is an obligation of dental professionals to find appropriate strategies with the ultimate objective of producing sound tooth without resorting to operative methods.
Orthodontic tooth movements and biomechanics.Sk Aziz Ikbal
The document discusses biomechanics principles related to orthodontic tooth movement. It covers topics such as:
- Forces applied to teeth can cause movement through bone remodeling.
- Biomechanics refers to mechanics applied to biological systems. Knowledge of forces is needed to control orthodontic treatment.
- Teeth can move through light forces during normal function but heavier sustained forces over 1 second are needed for orthodontic tooth movement.
- Forces have magnitude and direction, while scalars only have magnitude. Resultant forces and moments from multiple applied forces are calculated.
- Different force systems and moment-to-force ratios produce different types of tooth movement such as tipping, translation, rotation, and torque.
The document discusses overdentures, which are removable partial or complete dentures that cover and rest on one or more remaining natural teeth, tooth roots, or dental implants. Key points include:
- Retaining natural teeth can preserve alveolar bone and periodontal receptors important for function.
- Abutment teeth are prepared with short copings or left uncovered, and attachments may be added to improve retention.
- Overdentures can improve retention, stability, support and proprioception compared to conventional dentures.
- Proper case selection and maintenance are important for long term success.
This document discusses the neutral zone in complete dentures. It defines the neutral zone as the area in the mouth where forces from the tongue pressing outward are balanced by forces from the cheeks and lips pressing inward. It describes the muscles involved and how their forces influence tooth position and denture stability. It also discusses how the edentulous mouth changes over time, increasing the importance of properly recording the neutral zone for complete denture fabrication.
This document provides an overview of various indices that have been developed to measure dental caries. It begins by defining what a dental caries index is and the ideal requisites of an index. It then describes several prominent indices in chronological order, including the DMFT index, DMFS index, and ICDAS system. For each index, the document outlines how the index is calculated and coded, as well as its advantages and limitations. The document provides a useful summary of the historical development of dental caries indices and their components and scoring criteria.
Anoverview of TMD'S categories and main types of interocclusal appliances( occlusal splints ) used during the management of these musculoskeletal disorders .
The document discusses different types of laminate veneer preparations. Type I is called a window preparation with no incisal edge reduction. Type II, called a butt-joint preparation, involves 2 mm of incisal reduction without a palatal chamfer. Type III, or wrap-around preparation, includes 1-3 mm of incisal reduction with a 1 mm palatal chamfer to restrict angle fractures and enhance esthetics. The preparations are performed using round or tapered diamond burs to reduce enamel in a uniform and conservative manner confined to the facial surface of teeth.
This document provides information on band and loop space maintainers. It begins by introducing space maintainers and their objectives in maintaining arch integrity and guiding eruption of permanent teeth. It then discusses different types of space maintainers, including removable, fixed, functional and non-functional varieties. Specific appliances like band and loop, lingual arch, and distal shoe are explained. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of band and loop space maintainers. It provides details on the materials and instrumentation used in fabricating band and loop space maintainers. Overall, the document serves as an overview of band and loop space maintainers, their classification, objectives, considerations and fabrication.
DEAN’S FLUOROSIS INDEX 1943 (PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY)Jeban Sahu
This document discusses methods of measuring dental fluorosis, focusing on the Dean's Fluorosis Index. It provides an introduction to dental fluorosis and indices used to measure it. It then describes the Dean's Fluorosis Index in detail, including the original 1934 index and modified 1942 criteria. The modified criteria consists of a 6-point ordinal scale ranging from normal to severe. Scoring criteria and the Community Fluorosis Index are also discussed. In conclusion, the Dean's Fluorosis Index is highlighted as the most widely used and recommended index for measuring dental fluorosis.
Bolton analysis and mixed dentition analysisMasuma Ryzvee
This document summarizes methods for Bolton analysis and mixed dentition analysis. Bolton analysis measures tooth size ratios to determine excess tooth material. Mixed dentition analysis predicts widths of unerupted canines and premolars using methods like radiographs, Moyer's tables, or equations. Radiographic analysis measures primary tooth and unerupted tooth widths on radiographs. Moyer's tables and equations like Tanaka-Johnston predict canine and premolar widths based on measured incisor widths.
Prosthodontics - realeff relevance in complete dentureKIIT ,BHUBANESWAR
The document discusses the Realeff effect, which refers to the resiliency and compressibility of oral mucosa that complete dentures rest on. It affects all steps of complete denture fabrication from impressions to final insertion. Factors like tissue health, consistency, and age can influence the Realeff effect. Understanding this effect is important for denture stability and preventing trauma to supporting tissues during the denture fabrication process.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Epidemiology of Malocclusion Dr.Nabil Al-ZubairNabil Al-Zubair
This document discusses the epidemiology of malocclusion. It provides background on the prevalence of malocclusion globally and identifies some key reasons it is understudied in bioarchaeological investigations. Data from surveys like NHANES III show malocclusion rates are higher in developed countries and have increased in modern societies. Common types of malocclusion include Classes I, II, and III, as well as crowding, diastema, overjet, and open/deep bites. The prevalence of different malocclusions varies between ethnic groups. Overall, around 30% of people have normal occlusion while 50-55% have Class I malocclusions and 15-20% have Class II malocclusions.
This document discusses occlusal development from birth through adulthood. It begins by describing the gum pads present at birth, noting their segmentation and relationships. It then outlines the four periods of occlusal development: neonatal, primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. For each period, it details the typical eruption sequence and characteristics. The mixed dentition period is subdivided into three phases focusing on molar relationships and shifts. Factors that facilitate the transition between primary and permanent incisors are also explained.
This document discusses acid etching of dental surfaces. It describes how acid etching was first proposed in 1955 to increase bond strength between composite resin and enamel. Acid etching removes enamel and creates an irregular porous surface that allows resin to penetrate through micromechanical interlocking, improving bond strength. Factors like acid type/concentration, etching duration, and fluoride levels can affect bonding. While acid etching is effective, some alternatives under investigation include crystal growth solutions, air abrasion, and lasers, but they have not achieved bond strengths as high as acid etching.
Non-carious cervical lesions are caused by a combination of erosion, abrasion, and abfraction and affect half the population. Erosion is chemical wear from acids like those in citrus fruits and drinks. Abrasion is mechanical wear, like from overly vigorous brushing. Abfraction is stress-related wear from forces like clenching. These lesions are diagnosed through history, examination, and radiographs. Treatment depends on the severity but may include desensitization, restorations using composites or glass ionomers, endodontics, or periodontal procedures.
This presentation is intended to give the GP dentists as well as specialists some essential information regarding " white spot lesions" ,which can be considered as one of the most common side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
This document provides an overview of space maintainers used in pediatric dentistry. It begins with definitions of space maintenance, space control, and space maintainers. It then discusses Nolla's classification of primary teeth and causes of premature loss of primary teeth. Key points include that space closure occurs most rapidly in the first 6 months after loss and more so in the maxilla compared to mandible. The document describes effects of premature loss of individual primary teeth and factors influencing malocclusion development. It provides a classification of space maintainers and discusses various fixed and removable appliance designs like band and loop, lingual arch, and distal shoe space maintainers. Treatment considerations and case indications for different appliances are also summarized.
This document discusses the different types of root resorption, including external root resorption. External root resorption is classified into external surface resorption, external inflammatory resorption, external replacement resorption, and external cervical resorption. External surface resorption is a self-limiting resorption caused by trauma or orthodontic treatment. External inflammatory resorption is often seen radiographically as an extensive lesion caused by necrotic pulp. External replacement resorption replaces the root surface with bone in a process called ankylosis. External cervical resorption is a localized resorptive lesion of the cervical area that may progress in an apical or coronal direction.
Retention in fixed partial dentures / cosmetic dentistry courseIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Children are a very special risk group for caries initiation and progression because of continuously changing eruption periods and therefore they need professional care.
It is an obligation of dental professionals to find appropriate strategies with the ultimate objective of producing sound tooth without resorting to operative methods.
Orthodontic tooth movements and biomechanics.Sk Aziz Ikbal
The document discusses biomechanics principles related to orthodontic tooth movement. It covers topics such as:
- Forces applied to teeth can cause movement through bone remodeling.
- Biomechanics refers to mechanics applied to biological systems. Knowledge of forces is needed to control orthodontic treatment.
- Teeth can move through light forces during normal function but heavier sustained forces over 1 second are needed for orthodontic tooth movement.
- Forces have magnitude and direction, while scalars only have magnitude. Resultant forces and moments from multiple applied forces are calculated.
- Different force systems and moment-to-force ratios produce different types of tooth movement such as tipping, translation, rotation, and torque.
The document discusses overdentures, which are removable partial or complete dentures that cover and rest on one or more remaining natural teeth, tooth roots, or dental implants. Key points include:
- Retaining natural teeth can preserve alveolar bone and periodontal receptors important for function.
- Abutment teeth are prepared with short copings or left uncovered, and attachments may be added to improve retention.
- Overdentures can improve retention, stability, support and proprioception compared to conventional dentures.
- Proper case selection and maintenance are important for long term success.
This document discusses the neutral zone in complete dentures. It defines the neutral zone as the area in the mouth where forces from the tongue pressing outward are balanced by forces from the cheeks and lips pressing inward. It describes the muscles involved and how their forces influence tooth position and denture stability. It also discusses how the edentulous mouth changes over time, increasing the importance of properly recording the neutral zone for complete denture fabrication.
This document provides an overview of various indices that have been developed to measure dental caries. It begins by defining what a dental caries index is and the ideal requisites of an index. It then describes several prominent indices in chronological order, including the DMFT index, DMFS index, and ICDAS system. For each index, the document outlines how the index is calculated and coded, as well as its advantages and limitations. The document provides a useful summary of the historical development of dental caries indices and their components and scoring criteria.
Anoverview of TMD'S categories and main types of interocclusal appliances( occlusal splints ) used during the management of these musculoskeletal disorders .
The document discusses different types of laminate veneer preparations. Type I is called a window preparation with no incisal edge reduction. Type II, called a butt-joint preparation, involves 2 mm of incisal reduction without a palatal chamfer. Type III, or wrap-around preparation, includes 1-3 mm of incisal reduction with a 1 mm palatal chamfer to restrict angle fractures and enhance esthetics. The preparations are performed using round or tapered diamond burs to reduce enamel in a uniform and conservative manner confined to the facial surface of teeth.
This document provides information on band and loop space maintainers. It begins by introducing space maintainers and their objectives in maintaining arch integrity and guiding eruption of permanent teeth. It then discusses different types of space maintainers, including removable, fixed, functional and non-functional varieties. Specific appliances like band and loop, lingual arch, and distal shoe are explained. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of band and loop space maintainers. It provides details on the materials and instrumentation used in fabricating band and loop space maintainers. Overall, the document serves as an overview of band and loop space maintainers, their classification, objectives, considerations and fabrication.
DEAN’S FLUOROSIS INDEX 1943 (PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY)Jeban Sahu
This document discusses methods of measuring dental fluorosis, focusing on the Dean's Fluorosis Index. It provides an introduction to dental fluorosis and indices used to measure it. It then describes the Dean's Fluorosis Index in detail, including the original 1934 index and modified 1942 criteria. The modified criteria consists of a 6-point ordinal scale ranging from normal to severe. Scoring criteria and the Community Fluorosis Index are also discussed. In conclusion, the Dean's Fluorosis Index is highlighted as the most widely used and recommended index for measuring dental fluorosis.
Bolton analysis and mixed dentition analysisMasuma Ryzvee
This document summarizes methods for Bolton analysis and mixed dentition analysis. Bolton analysis measures tooth size ratios to determine excess tooth material. Mixed dentition analysis predicts widths of unerupted canines and premolars using methods like radiographs, Moyer's tables, or equations. Radiographic analysis measures primary tooth and unerupted tooth widths on radiographs. Moyer's tables and equations like Tanaka-Johnston predict canine and premolar widths based on measured incisor widths.
Prosthodontics - realeff relevance in complete dentureKIIT ,BHUBANESWAR
The document discusses the Realeff effect, which refers to the resiliency and compressibility of oral mucosa that complete dentures rest on. It affects all steps of complete denture fabrication from impressions to final insertion. Factors like tissue health, consistency, and age can influence the Realeff effect. Understanding this effect is important for denture stability and preventing trauma to supporting tissues during the denture fabrication process.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Epidemiology of Malocclusion Dr.Nabil Al-ZubairNabil Al-Zubair
This document discusses the epidemiology of malocclusion. It provides background on the prevalence of malocclusion globally and identifies some key reasons it is understudied in bioarchaeological investigations. Data from surveys like NHANES III show malocclusion rates are higher in developed countries and have increased in modern societies. Common types of malocclusion include Classes I, II, and III, as well as crowding, diastema, overjet, and open/deep bites. The prevalence of different malocclusions varies between ethnic groups. Overall, around 30% of people have normal occlusion while 50-55% have Class I malocclusions and 15-20% have Class II malocclusions.
This document discusses occlusal development from birth through adulthood. It begins by describing the gum pads present at birth, noting their segmentation and relationships. It then outlines the four periods of occlusal development: neonatal, primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition. For each period, it details the typical eruption sequence and characteristics. The mixed dentition period is subdivided into three phases focusing on molar relationships and shifts. Factors that facilitate the transition between primary and permanent incisors are also explained.
This document discusses acid etching of dental surfaces. It describes how acid etching was first proposed in 1955 to increase bond strength between composite resin and enamel. Acid etching removes enamel and creates an irregular porous surface that allows resin to penetrate through micromechanical interlocking, improving bond strength. Factors like acid type/concentration, etching duration, and fluoride levels can affect bonding. While acid etching is effective, some alternatives under investigation include crystal growth solutions, air abrasion, and lasers, but they have not achieved bond strengths as high as acid etching.
Non-carious cervical lesions are caused by a combination of erosion, abrasion, and abfraction and affect half the population. Erosion is chemical wear from acids like those in citrus fruits and drinks. Abrasion is mechanical wear, like from overly vigorous brushing. Abfraction is stress-related wear from forces like clenching. These lesions are diagnosed through history, examination, and radiographs. Treatment depends on the severity but may include desensitization, restorations using composites or glass ionomers, endodontics, or periodontal procedures.
This presentation is intended to give the GP dentists as well as specialists some essential information regarding " white spot lesions" ,which can be considered as one of the most common side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
This document provides an overview of space maintainers used in pediatric dentistry. It begins with definitions of space maintenance, space control, and space maintainers. It then discusses Nolla's classification of primary teeth and causes of premature loss of primary teeth. Key points include that space closure occurs most rapidly in the first 6 months after loss and more so in the maxilla compared to mandible. The document describes effects of premature loss of individual primary teeth and factors influencing malocclusion development. It provides a classification of space maintainers and discusses various fixed and removable appliance designs like band and loop, lingual arch, and distal shoe space maintainers. Treatment considerations and case indications for different appliances are also summarized.
This document discusses the different types of root resorption, including external root resorption. External root resorption is classified into external surface resorption, external inflammatory resorption, external replacement resorption, and external cervical resorption. External surface resorption is a self-limiting resorption caused by trauma or orthodontic treatment. External inflammatory resorption is often seen radiographically as an extensive lesion caused by necrotic pulp. External replacement resorption replaces the root surface with bone in a process called ankylosis. External cervical resorption is a localized resorptive lesion of the cervical area that may progress in an apical or coronal direction.
Retention in fixed partial dentures / cosmetic dentistry courseIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Principles of tooth prep /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document discusses principles of tooth preparation for restorations. It outlines that the goal of tooth preparation is to mechanically or chemically treat remaining tooth structure to accommodate a restorative material without failure, while minimizing removal of tooth structure. It describes factors like retention, resistance, preservation of tooth structure and margins, and protection of pulpal health as objectives to consider in tooth preparation design. The document also notes that techniques are evolving from traditional cavity preparations to more conservative, minimally invasive approaches.
Principles of tooth prep /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Biomechanical principles of TOOTH PREPARATIONSonia Sapam
This document provides an overview of biomechanical principles of tooth preparations. It discusses five main principles that govern tooth preparation design: preservation of tooth structure, retention and resistance form, structural durability of the restoration, marginal integrity, and preservation of the periodontium. The document outlines requirements of tooth preparations and discusses various factors that influence retention and resistance form, such as taper, surface area, area under shear, and surface roughness. It emphasizes minimizing removal of tooth structure and avoiding pulpal damage during preparation.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Failures in fpd /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Failures in fixed partial dentures /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses principles of tooth preparation. It covers 3 broad categories of considerations for tooth preparation - biological, mechanical, and esthetic. Under biological considerations, it discusses topics like conservation of tooth structure, avoidance of overcontouring, marginal integrity, and preventing tooth fracture. For mechanical considerations, it focuses on retention form, resistance form, and structural durability. It also discusses different types of finish line designs and their advantages. Overall, the document provides guidance on developing tooth preparations that consider the health of oral tissues, integrity of restorations, and esthetic appearance.
Biomechanical considerations / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Porcelain laminates /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Raju introduction of implants /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Restoration of endodontically treated teeth 1 /certified fixed orthodontic c...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the various materials and techniques used for restoring endodontically treated teeth. It describes the desirable properties of dowels, cores, and coronal coverage. Common core materials discussed include amalgam, composite resin, glass ionomer cement, and resin-modified glass ionomer cement. The advantages and disadvantages of each material are provided. The document also outlines the procedure for tooth preparation, including removal of gutta-percha, post space preparation, and preparation of coronal tooth structure. Both direct and indirect techniques for fabricating custom posts are described.
PARTIAL BONDED RESTORATIONS AND IT’S ADHESION.pptxPranitaGandhi2
Indirect restorations in dentistry. seminar using combination of some of the most comprehensive articles giving an insight on preparation and bonding of partially bonded restorations
Similar to Retention in fpd /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
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1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
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Indian Dental Academy
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Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
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skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. Biomechanical principles of
tooth preparation
Preservation of tooth structure.
Retention and resistance form.
Structural durability.
Marginal integrity.
Preservation of periodontium.
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4. Introduction
Restoration should remain firmly attached
to tooth structure to meet functional
biological and esthetic requirements.
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5. Definition (GPT)
That quality inherent in the prosthesis
acting to resist the forces of dislodgement
along the path of placement
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6. Factors influencing retention
Magnitude of dislodging forces.
Geometry of tooth preparation .
Roughness of the fitting surface of the
restoration.
Materials being cemented.
Thickness of luting agent.
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7. Magnitude of dislodging
forces.
Depends on the stickiness of the food and
the surface area and texture of the
restoration.
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8. Geometry of tooth preparation
Taper
Surface area
Stress concentration.
Type of preparation.
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9. Geometry of tooth preparation
Most fixed prosthesis depends on the
geometric form of the preparation rather
than on adhesion.
As most cements are non adhesive( act by
increasing the frictional resistance between
tooth and restoration.
Cylindrical tooth preparation.
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11. Preparation is cylindrical if two horizontal
sections of prepared tooth surface is coincident
Fig 7-27 and 7-28®
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12. A crown depends
on external
retention to
resist removal
An inlay depends
on internal
retention to hold
it within
preparation
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13. Taper
Axial walls of the preparation
must taper slightly to permit the
restoration to seat.
Inclination of the wall.
Angle of convergence
Angle of divergence.
Two opposing surfaces with 3°
taper would give a taper of 6 °.
Maximum retention is obtained if
a tooth preparation has parallel
walls .
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14. Parallel walls are impossible to create in the
mouth.
Preparation walls are tapered
• To visualize preparation walls
• Prevent undercuts.
• Compensate for the inaccuracies in the
fabrication process
• More nearly complete seating of the restoration
during cementation.
Ward was one of the first to recommend taper
of 3 to 12 °respectively.
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15. Relationship between the degree of axial wall
taper and magnitude of retention was first
demonstrated by Jorgensen in 1955
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16. To minimize stress in the cement interface
between the preparation and restoration a
taper of 2.5 ° to 6.5 ° is optimum.
Slight increase in the stress as the taper
increased from 0-15 °
At 20 ° stress concentration was found to
increase sharply.
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17. Some of the tapers suggested by authors
Ohm and silness
on vital teeth
19.2° MD and 23 FL
on non vital teeth
12.8 ° MD and 22.5 ° FL
Mack 16.5 °
Weed worked on dental students preparation
12.7 ° on typhodonts and 22.5 ° in clinical preparations.
Kent and his associates
mean of 15.8 ° between mesial and distal walls
13.4 ° facial and lingual walls.
Overall mean of 14.3 °
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18. Recommended convergence angle
between the opposing walls is 6 degree
which has been shown to optimize the
retention for zinc phosphate cement.
Guyer describes optimal taper to be in
range of 2-6.5 °.
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20. Too small a taper will lead to unwanted
undercuts.
Too large a taper will not be retentive.
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21. Length and surface area
Occlusogingival length is an important
factor in retention and resistance. Longer
preparation will have more surface area
Length must be great enough to interfere
with the arc of casting pivoting about a
point on the opposite side of restoration.
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22. Walls of shorter preparation should have
as shorter taper as possible.
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23. Greater the area of contact of the cement film
bound to the preparation and to the internal detail
of the casting the greater the retention of the
casting.
Greater the surface area greater the retention.
Total surface area is influenced by the
Size of the tooth
Extent of coverage of the restoration
Features such as grooves, boxes pin holes that
are placed in the restoration
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24. Doubling the height
of the preparation
would nearly
double the area of
its axial walls
Doubling the diameter
of the preparation
would doubles the
area of its axial walls
and quadraples the
area of occlusal
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surface.
25. Basic unit of retention for a cemented
restoration is two opposing walls with
a minimal taper.
It may not always be possible to use
opposing walls for retention.
It may be desirable to leave a surface
uncovered for a partial veneer.
Features like boxes grooves and
pinholes can be incorporated to
enhance the retention
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27. Kent etal reported difference between
degree of taper of full crown preparation
18.4 – 22.2 degree and boxes and grooves
in axial surface 7.3degreee
Taper of these features nearly same as the
taper of the instruments used to cut them.
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28. Freedom of displacement
Retention is improved by geometrically
limiting the number of paths along which a
restoration can be removed from the tooth
preparation.
Maximum retention can be achieved by
only one path ..
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29. Full veneer crowns with long parallel axial
walls and grooves will produce such
retention.
Short over tapered preparation would be
without retention because the restoration
can be removed along an infinite number of
paths
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30. Stress concentration
Stresses not uniform throughout the cement.
Concentrated around the junction of
occlusal and axial walls.
Changes in the geometry of the tooth
preparation (rounding the internal line
angles) may reduce stress concentrations
and thus increase the retention.
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31. Type of preparation
Different types of preparation have different
retentive values.
Different types of preparation include
Type of coverage of the restoration.
Inclusion of internal features.
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33. Roughness of the surfaces
being cemented.
If the internal surface of the restorations
smooth failure occurs through the cement
restoration interface
Worley and Smith in their study conclude
that the retention of the restoration can be
increased by roughening or grooving the
restoration.
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34. Casting must be prepared by the air abrading the
fitting surface by 50 micro m alumina.
It has shown to increase the retention by 64 %
Deliberately roughening of the preparation hardly
influences the retention and it is not recommended
as this adds to difficulty of impression making and
waxing.
Oilo and Jogerson found retention of castings on
cemented with zinc phosphate cement on test dies
with 10 degree taper to be twice as great on
preparations with 40 micro m scratches as on those
with 10 micro m scratches.
Smith found no significant difference in castings
cemented on 14 degree taper preparations whose
roughness varied by a factor of 24 from smoothest
to roughest.
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35. Materials being cemented.
More reactive the alloy more adhesion is with the luting
agent.
Base metal alloys are better retained than less reactive high
gold content metals.
Effect of adhesion on different core materials.
Chan kc etal in his study found that cement adhered better
to amalgam than to composite resin or cast gold
De wals JP etal found that higher value of retention was
found with composite rather than amalgam cores. It may
be due to dimensional changes of the core materials
although the clinical implications are not clear.
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36. Type of luting agent
Decision regarding which agent to use
depends on other factors.
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37. Film thickness of luting agent
Conflicting evidence about the effect of the
increased thickness of the cement film on
retention of the restoration.
It may be important if a slightly oversized
casting is made.
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38. Loss of retention
Loss of retention should be detected early,
otherwise extensive caries develops.
Detection of loss of retention
Patients awareness to looseness or sensitivity to
temperature or sweets.
Periodical examination which includes attempt to
seat prosthesis by lifting retainers up and down
while they are held between the hands and a
curved explorer placed under the connector.
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39. If the casting is loose the occlusal motion draws
the fluids to be drawn under the casting and when
the casting is reseated with the cervical force the
fluid is expressed generally producing bubbles as
the air and liquid are simultaneously displaced.
When the retainer becomes loose the retainer
should be removed so that the abutment teeth can
be evaluated.
If the restoration can be dislodged from the other
prepared teeth without damage and no caries
present it is possible to recement the restoration.
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40. If the prosthesis removal reveals lack of adequate
retention as evidenced by the preparation form the
teeth should be modified to improve their
retention and resistance.
Some fixed partial dentures may become loose
even when maximal retentive preparations have
been developed . It may be caused by excessive
span length or heavy occlusal forces.
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41. Summary
Greater retention
Taper
Parallel
Surface area
Large
Type of
preparation
Molar complete
crown
Surface
texture
Rough
Film
thickness
Effect uncertain
Luting agent
Adhesive resin
Lesser retention
6 degree
Excessive
Small
Premolar
complete crown
Partial crown
Intracoronal
restoration
Smooth
Glass ionomer
Zinc oxide
Polycarboxylate eugenol
Zinc phosphate
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