RESPOND write one  responses to the two  colleagues in one of the following ways: Provide an alternative suggestion of how program evaluation can be used. Provide support or an alternative perspective on the elements of program evaluation. · RE: Discussion - Week 1 1st person COLLAPSE As a State Correctional employee, we often use evaluations to analyze in-service training, policy reviews, programs and services, etc. It may seem as if we are over evaluating; however, this helps to ensure our services are effective.  Westat (2010) says the two reasons program evaluation exists, as written for the National Science Foundation, is to “improve a project” and “document what has been achieved” (p. 3).  The most consistent with my interest is program improvement. For instance, we had four different in-service courses with the same course information. An evaluation was passed out to the students at the end of the course to provide their opinion of the course. The comments prompted the instructors to redesign four courses into one. Evaluations are essential tool in Corrections because it allows us to  document our achievements, which will result in data to support our reentry programs. References: Westat, J. F. (Ed.). (2010). The 2010 user-friendly handbook for project evaluation. Retrieved from https://www.westat.com/sites/westat.com/files/2010UFHB.pdf 2-person initial post WK1D1 COLLAPSE             In my work with community corrections, I have not conducted any type of program evaluation; however, I understand program evaluation is designed to answer some key questions about a program’s effectiveness to the stakeholders (community, participants and staff).  The overarching idea behind program evaluation is to ascertain if those who should benefit from the program are actually benefiting and if those performing the services to the community are skilled at providing the services. Another important aspect of program evaluation is to determine whether the allocated resources for the services are sufficient for addressing the needs of the population (The Program Manager’s Guide to Evaluation, 2010).             In looking at this week’s resources, Langbein (2012) identifies some distinct differences between program and project (p.3). A program is described as “ongoing services or activities” (Langbein, 2012, p. 3) while projects are intended to be one-time activities that has long-lasting sustainable impact on communities (p. 3). Thus, program evaluations should help determine the extent of a program’s success or lack thereof (what works and what does not work) as well as provide insight on navigating areas where unexpected circumstances occur (Westat, 2010). In short, program evaluations provide managers and administrators the data needed to prove or disprove the value of a program which ultimately impacts the design, management and funding of a project (p. 4).             In my current job capacity, I have observed a program that had been .

1. RESPOND
write one
responses to the two
colleagues in one of the following ways:
Provide an alternative suggestion of how program evaluation
can be used.
Provide support or an alternative perspective on the elements of
program evaluation.
·
RE: Discussion - Week 1 1st person
COLLAPSE
As a State Correctional employee, we often use evaluations to
analyze in-service training, policy reviews, programs and
services, etc. It may seem as if we are over evaluating;
however, this helps to ensure our services are effective.
Westat (2010) says the two reasons program evaluation exists,
as written for the National Science Foundation, is to “improve a
project” and “document what has been achieved” (p. 3).
The most consistent with my interest is program improvement.
For instance, we had four different in-service courses with the
same course information. An evaluation was passed out to the
students at the end of the course to provide their opinion of the
course. The comments prompted the instructors to redesign four
courses into one. Evaluations are essential tool in Corrections
because it allows us to
document our achievements, which will result in data to support
our reentry programs.
References:

2. Westat, J. F. (Ed.). (2010). The 2010 user-friendly handbook for
project evaluation. Retrieved
from
https://www.westat.com/sites/westat.com/files/2010UFHB.pdf
2-person
initial post WK1D1
COLLAPSE
In my work with community corrections, I have not
conducted any type of program evaluation; however, I
understand program evaluation is designed to answer some key
questions about a program’s effectiveness to the stakeholders
(community, participants and staff). The overarching idea
behind program evaluation is to ascertain if those who should
benefit from the program are actually benefiting and if those
performing the services to the community are skilled at
providing the services. Another important aspect of program
evaluation is to determine whether the allocated resources for
the services are sufficient for addressing the needs of the
population (The Program Manager’s Guide to Evaluation,
2010).
In looking at this week’s resources, Langbein (2012)
identifies some distinct differences between program and
project (p.3). A program is described as “ongoing services or
activities” (Langbein, 2012, p. 3) while projects are intended to
be one-time activities that has long-lasting sustainable impact
on communities (p. 3). Thus, program evaluations should help
determine the extent of a program’s success or lack thereof
(what works and what does not work) as well as provide insight
on navigating areas where unexpected circumstances occur
(Westat, 2010). In short, program evaluations provide managers

3. and administrators the data needed to prove or disprove the
value of a program which ultimately impacts the design,
management and funding of a project (p. 4).
In my current job capacity, I have observed a program
that had been used within the agency for several years
dismantled within a matter of weeks due to the lack of support
from stakeholders (judges, state attorneys and public
defenders). In all fairness, the lack of support was partially due
to the administration’s failure to adequately inform the
stakeholders of the program prior to implementation; thus, the
parties directly responsible for the punitive sanctions had not
been allowed input regarding a program that modified court
conditions. This speaks to the fact that buy-in from stakeholders
play an integral part in the effectiveness of a program.
When looking at the various program evaluations, my
interest aligns more with summative evaluations because I am
more interested in the outputs and outcomes of a program. I
plan to focus my research study on the impact of mentorship
programs on African American males and criminal behavior;
thus, taking into account the resources for a mentorship
program, targeted practices of mentorship among the interested
group and what specifically about the mentorship program
causes the outcome (Langbein, 2012).
Using the summative evaluation in my future professional role
could help determine the impact of the program and if the goals
of the project was achieved. It could also help determine what
works and why it works so that other programs can be designed
with similar achievable outcomes.
Respond
to at least two colleagues in the following way:
Comment on what you learned from your colleagues’ posts
about influences on today’s governance. What effect might this
insight on these influences have on the development of your
Dissertation topic {After school program reduce juvenile
delinquency}?

4. RE: Discussion - Week 1 1
st
person
COLLAPSE
Ronald Myles Dworkin – (1931-2013) was an American
philosopher and scholar of constitutional law. His research
earned him a Holdberg international memorial prize in
humanities and for the contribution he made around the world.
Dworkin’s concern for equality lead him to investigate and
write about the government, ethics, laws, justice, democracy or
right. In Taking truth and A matter of principle established his
focal meaning of quality as it relates to the natural right of men
and women and respect. His human right project came under
criticism due to his value of equality of personal autonomy, but
failing to accept personal equality of personal worth (Finegan,
2015).
John Bordley Rawles was an American philosopher and leading
figure in moral and political philosophy Rawls is credited with
foreseen the affects of utilitarianism on justice, moral,
economic and political reasoning. Rawls moved away from
utilitarianism when his work pose a treat to dignity of those
individuals (
Weithman, 2003)
. He developed a theory of justice that would use contract
tradition of autonomy and strengthen liberalism and
progressivism
(Weithman, 2003).
He was credited having staller understanding of the politics
that his writing provided answers to the issue of those time. He
was one of the few philosophers who believe that human being
are capable of goodness through devotion. In fact, he said
“human goodness is demonstrated through their appreciation for

5. high culture in work of sacrifice and deviation. He does not
deny that humans are capable of goodness, love, generosity. He
believes that things that are valuable to human life have no
value unless they are “apart of life plan (
Weitzman, 2003).
Judith Butler is an American Post –structuralism philosopher.
She is known as the most influential voice of feminism. Her
work contributed to felids of feminist philosophy, queer theory
and political philosophy. She addressed gender violence and
international human rights as they relate to sex/gender. It was
these questions and lead to gender violence. Particularly
violence against women. The theorizations of violence against
women have it roots in social structure and what society
perceives as right or wrong. It her question and, passion that
give her voice importance to feminism.
2
nd
person
RE: Discussion - Week 1
COLLAPSE
John Bordley Rawls (1921 – 2002), was an American
philosopher of the
Theory of Justice.
Rawls believed that in a democratic system of government
society members may not all agree on the rules governing social
contracts but most agree that the rules are in place for the
greater good of everyone. Rawls also believed that liberty and
freedom are both important in order to have social justice in a
democratic society. He further believed that citizens living in a
democratic society are free and equal living under a fair system
of social cooperation.
Robinson, (2010), explains, “Rawls’ conception of social

6. justice is developed around the idea of a social contract,
whereby people freely enter into an agreement to follow certain
rules for the betterment of everyone, without considering the
implications of these rules for their own selfish gain. Rawls
posits that rational, free people will agree to play by the rules
under fair conditions and that this agreement is necessary to
assure social justice because public support is critical to the
acceptance of the rules of the game. These rules or principles
‘‘specify the basic rights and duties to be assigned by the main
political and social institutions, and they regulate the
division of benefits arising from social cooperation and
allot the burdens necessary to sustain it”, (P.79).
H. George Frederickson, (1934- Present), is a generalist in the
field of public administration.
Theory of Social Equity
H. George Frederickson is concerned with fair, just and equal
distribution of public services and public policies that promoted
fairness in the distribution of services to societal members.
Frederickson on found that public programs were not
implemented fairly to all societal members and thought this to
be unfair and unjust. Frederickson, (2005), explains, “Efficient
and economical management of government agencies
characterizes the ethics that guided much early reasoning in
American public administration. The logic of those ethics
allowed public administrators to assume that the effects of good
management, efficiency, and economy would be evenly and
fairly distributed among our citizens. Gradually, however,
public administration began to acknowledge that many public
programs were implemented much more efficiently and
effectively for some citizens than for others. Indeed, public
administrators could not logically claim to be without
responsibility for some practices that resulted in obvious
unfairness and injustice, so an argument emerged for social
equity as an added ethic in public administration”, (P.32).
Frederickson was so interested in social equality that in
developed the theory of social equity in an effort to bring

7. attention to the unfairness and inequality in public
administration. Wooldridge, (2009), explains, “H. George
Frederickson (1990) wrote that he developed the theory of
social equity in the late 1960s to remedy a glaring inadequacy
in both thought and practice”, (P.1).
Ronald Myles Dworkin, (1931 – 2013), was an American
philosopher and scholar of constitutional law.
Dworkins believed that a just government treats it citizens with
respect and its citizens should be able to exercise their rights to
by the government, listening to their prospective on decisions or
laws being made. Valentini, (2013), explains, “First, the
principle of equal respect for persons is arguably the greatest
common denominator of contemporary liberal theories of
justice. Ronald Dworkin famously claims that a just government
must treat its citizens with equal concern and respect. John
Rawls's and Ronald Dworkin's. In Rawls's view, the correct
principles of justice are those which would be unanimously
agreed upon by the parties in the 'original position', namely by
citizen representatives, ignorant of their specific identities,
talents, abilities and social positions. In Dworkin's view, a
distribution of resources is just when, given a fair background
securing people's liberties, no one envies the resource package
possessed by others. Only under those conditions can the social
division of resources be acceptable in the eyes of all”, (P.1).
In addition, Dworkins believed that judges should view the
legal rights of their societal members on the basis that laws
were created by societal members and that laws should
represent justice and fairness through the eyes of societal
members and that laws should be just and fair.
Dworkins, Frederickson and Rawls all greatly contributed to
public policy and administration in that they all seek social
justice, social equality and fairness in public policy, for all
people and in the services in which public agencies provide to
its citizens. All of these philosophers help to ensure and change
the mindset of those implementing public policies in an effort to
promote fairness and equality in public policies, laws in an

8. effort to ensure that all people are treated fairly and justly and
given the same equal opportunities.