1. Respiratory Review Part 2

2. Breathing helps vent three things from the body. These are the (1) , (2) , and (3) . carbon dioxide heat water

3. The main goal of inspiration is to: decrease the pressure in the chest cavity

4. The average volume of air taken in per breath by a person at rest is: 500 ml

5. The physical act of breathing is called: ventilation

6. At rest, breathing is mostly controlled by the action of what muscle? diaphragm

7. A “normal” or “average” resting breath is called the _____________ volume. tidal

8. The amount of air that always remains in the lungs is called the ____________ volume. residual

9. How many ml of air is the residual volume, on average? 1200 ml

10. The volume of air held in the nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes: dead space volume

11. How many ml of air is the dead space volume, on average? 150 ml

12. The average person breaths out about how many milliliters of water per day? 350 ml

13. The average number of breaths a person takes while at rest (as defined in the notes) is: 10 to 16 times

14. The maximum amount of air that can be expelled after maximum inspiration is called the: Vital capacity

15. The average volume exhaled when measuring the vital capacity is: 4800 ml

16. 6000 ml The average total lung capacity in humans is:

17. The volume of air that can be inspired beyond a normal, resting breath is the: inspiratory reserve volume

18. The volume of air that can be exhaled beyond a normal, resting breath is the: expiratory reserve volume

19. Air that is actually makes it to the air sacs and is available for oxygen exchange is called the: alveolar volume

20. The average volume of air (in ml) within a “ resting breath ” that actually makes it to the alveoli: 350 ml

21. With respect to active/passive and muscle/air, “active” or “normal” inspiration is considered: active muscle & passive air

22. With respect to active/passive and muscle/air, “passive” or “normal” expiration is: passive muscle & active air

23. With respect to active/passive and muscle/air, “active” or “forced” expiration is: active muscle & active air

24. passive muscle & passive air With respect to active/passive and muscle/air, inspiration after “forced” expiration is:

26. The waste gas carried back to the lungs and vented out of the body by exhalation is: Carbon dioxide

27. Breathing controlled by the muscles between the ribs is termed: costal breathing

28. Breathing controlled by the flat sheet of skeletal muscle located directly below the lungs is called: diaphragm breathing

29. “ Breathing in” is more properly termed: inspiration

30. The term “active” with respect to muscles and breathing refers to what action of muscles? contraction

31. “ Breathing out” is more properly termed: expiration

32. All muscles relaxed Maximum Expiration Maximum inspiration 6000 ml 2800 ml 2300 ml 0 ml 1200 ml Total Lung Capacity 6000 ml Vital Capacity 4800 ml Functional Residual Capacity 2300 ml Inspiratory Capacity 3700 ml Residual Volume 1200 ml Expiratory Reserve Volume 1100 ml Tidal Volume 500 ml Inspiratory Reserve Volume 3200 ml Dead Space Volume 150 ml Alveolar Volume = 350 to 3550ml

33. Maximum Expiration Maximum inspiration 6000 ml 2300 ml 1200 ml 0 ml 2800 ml All muscles relaxed Contraction of: Diaphragm & External Intercostal “ Active” muscle “ Passive” air Relaxation of: Diaphragm & External Intercostal “ Passive” muscle “ Active” air Contraction of: Internal Intercostal & Abdominals “ Active” muscle “ Active” air Relaxation of: Internal Intercostal & Abdominals “ Passive” muscle “ Passive” air Active/passive? Active/passive? Active/passive? Active/passive?