Dr. Waqas Nawaz PMAS arid agriculture university rawalpindi

1. THERE ARE NINE TYPES OF JOINTS IN
VERTEBERAES

2. ANAT 102

3. 1. ATLANTO-OCCIDITAL JOINT
(YES JOINT)
 Occipital condyle and cranial articular fovea
 It is same in ox dog and horse
 FUNCTION
 Hing joint dorsal and ventral flexor (lateral
movement)

4. ARTICULATIONS OF THE
VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND RIBS

5. 2 ATLANTO – AXIAL JOINT
 In ox
 Fovea of the dens and caudal articular fossa of the
atlas, dens and ventral articulation surface of the dens
 FUNCTION
 Axial rotation of the head on the neck, head shaking

6. 2 ATLANTO – AXIAL JOINT

7. 2 ATLANTO – AXIAL JOINT
 IN HORSE AND DOG
 Atlas saddle-shape facets and reciprocal saddle shaped
surfaces extend upon the dens confident on ventral
aspect
FUNCTION
 Atlas and the head rotate upon the axis, axis of
rotation passes through centre of body of axis

8. 2 ATLANTO – AXIAL JOINT

9. 3. JOINTS OF THE ARTICULAR
PROCESS
 Articular process of adjacent vertebrae
 FUNCTION
 Sliding joints
 Is same in dog horse and ox

10. 3. JOINTS OF THE ARTICULAR
PROCESS

11. 4. COSTO – VERTEBRAL JOINTS
 Articular surface of the head of the rib and caudal
costal fovea of the more cranial vertebrae and cranial
costal fovea of the more caudal vertebrae with which
the ribs head articulate
 FUNCTION
 Hinge joint that together with the vertebrae makes
possible the variation of thoracic volume in respiration

12. 4. COSTO – VERTEBRAL JOINTS
 IN DOG Articular surface of the head of the rib and
caudal costal fovea of the more cranial vertebrae and
cranial costal fovea of the more caudal vertebrae with
which the ribs head articulate
 FUNCTION
 Hinge joint that together with the vertebrae makes
possible the variation of thoracic volume in respiration

13. 4. COSTO – VERTEBRAL JOINTS

14. 4. COSTO – VERTEBRAL JOINTS
 IN OX AND DOG Each ribs form two joint by head
(costo-central) and by tubercle (costo-transverse joint)
 FUNCTION
 The movement is very limited in the anterior part of
series of joints but considerable in the posterior part

15. 4. COSTO – VERTEBRAL JOINTS
 In horse and ox

16. 5. COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT
JOINTS OF RIB TUBERCLE
 In dog
 Articular surfaces of the costal tubercle and the costal
fovea of the transverse process of the same numbered
(more caudal vertebrae
 FUNCTION
 Hinge joint

17. 5. COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT
JOINTS OF RIB TUBERCLE
 DOG

18. 5. COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT
JOINTS OF RIB TUBERCLE
 IN HORSE
 From by facet of the tubercle of the rib and on
transverse process of the vertebrae
 FUNCTION
 Gliding joint
 Movement is very limited

19. 5. COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT
JOINTS OF RIB TUBERCLE
 HORSE

20. 5. COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT
JOINTS OF RIB TUBERCLE
IN OX
There are no intertransverse joints form by facet of
tubercle of rib and transverse process of the vertebrae
 FUNCTION
 Gliding joint
 Movement is very limited

21. 5. COSTOTRANSVERSE JOINT
JOINTS OF RIB TUBERCLE
 OX

22. 6. STERNO – COSTAL JOINT
 Cartilaginous ends of the first to the eight rib and
sternum
 IN OX DOG AND HORSE IT IS SAME
 FUNCTION
 Hinge joint

23. 6. STERNO – COSTAL JOINT

24. 7. COSTO-CHONDRAL
SYNCHONOROSES
 In dog
 Costal bone and costal cartilage
 FUNCTION
 Nearly rigid and immoveable

25. 7. COSTO-CHONDRAL
SYNCHONOROSES
 DOG

26. SYNCHONOROSES
 IN HORSE
 Rib has concave surface which receive convex end of
the cartilage
 FUNCTION
 Nearly rigid and immoveable

27. 7. COSTO-CHONDRAL
SYNCHONOROSES
 HORSE

28. 7. COSTO-CHONDRAL
SYNCHONOROSES
 IN OX
 Cartilages are attached to each other by distinct elastic
ligament
FUNCTION
 Limited lateral movement is possible

29. SYNCHONOROSES
 OX

30. 8. STERNAL SYNCHONDROSIS
 IN DOG
 Monubrium of the sternum of the body of the
sternum xiphoid process
 FUNCTION
 Increasingly rigid and immoveable

31. 8. STERNAL SYNCHONDROSIS
 IN DOG

32. 8. STERNAL SYNCHONDROSIS
 IN HORE
 Seven bond segments are united by persisting cartilage
in new-born foal
 FUNCTION
 Increasingly rigid and immoveable

33. 8. STERNAL SYNCHONDROSIS
 HORSE

34. 8. STERNAL SYNCHONDROSIS
 IN OX
 First segment of sternum
 FUNCTION
 Increasingly rigid and immoveable

35. 8. STERNAL SYNCHONDROSIS

36.  Bodies of adjacent vertebrae starting with the axis and
including it caudal vertebrae
 In HORSE and DOG it is same
 FUNCTION
 Slight mobility

37. (JOINTS BETWEEN ADJACENT
VERTEBRAE)

38. (JOINTS BETWEEN ADJACENT
VERTEBRAE)
 IN OX
 Intervertebral ligaments are thicker than Horse
 FUNCTION
 Slight mobility

39. 9. INTERVETEBRAL SYMPHYSIS
(JOINTS BETWEEN ADJACENT
VERTEBRAE)